The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Special Report: Potential Strategies for Addressing GLP-1 and Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist Shortages
Open accessAbstract
Unexpected drug shortages of the long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists dulaglutide and semaglutide and the dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonist tirzepatide emerged in late 2022 and have persisted through the first quarter of 2023 (1). The drug shortage has not affected product doses equally; some doses are more widely available than others (2). For the purposes of this article, we will consider the dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist tirzepatide to be included when referring to GLP-1 receptor agonist product shortages. These shortages predominately occurred because of an unexpected increase in demand for GLP-1 receptor agonists without adequate adjustment in production (3). The inadequate supply has created new access barriers for patients previously using or wishing to initiate these products for glycemic management, weight loss, and/or cardiovascular risk reduction. Thus, strategies to mitigate this disruption to patient care are needed.
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“Finally, shortages of GLP-1 RAs may limit continued use.19”
From Discontinuation and Reinitiation of Dual-Labeled GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Among US Adults With Overweight or Obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [19]
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In the citing paper
“Cost‐related drug rationing is more common among those who are younger, female, lower income, uninsured, or have prevalent obesity or cardiovascular disease (CVD) [281].”
From Nutritional priorities to support GLP ‐1 therapy for obesity: A joint Advisory from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, the American Society for Nutrition, the Obesity Medicine Association, and The Obesity Society (2025) · cites this paper as [281]
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“Cost-related drug rationing is more common among those who are younger, female, lower income, uninsured, or have prevalent obesity or CVD [275].”
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Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Frías, J. P., Davies, M. J., Rosenstock, J., Pérez Manghi, F. C., Fernández Landó, L., Bergman, B. K., Liu, B., Cui, X., & Brown, K. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2107519 · Cited by 2,096 · cited 1×
“Table 2 summarizes available recommendations and information to guide dose selection when resuming a GLP-1 receptor agonist after a more prolonged lapse in therapy (20,21).”
BackgroundPatient Medication Adherence: Measures in Daily Practice
Jimmy, B., & Jose, J. (2011) · Oman Medical Journal · doi:10.5001/omj.2011.38 · Cited by 956
9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s009 · Cited by 851
Drug Shortage: Causes, Impact, and Mitigation Strategies
Shukar, S., Zahoor, F., Hayat, K., Saeed, A., Gillani, A., Omer, S., Hu, S.-C., Babar, Z., Fang, Y., & Yang, C.-J. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.693426 · Cited by 301
GLP-1 receptor agonists: an updated review of head-to-head clinical studies
Trujillo, J. M., Nuffer, W., & Smith, B. A. (2021) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018821997320 · Cited by 289
Self-citationGLP-1 receptor agonists: a review of head-to-head clinical studies
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Self-citationFrias, J. P., Bonora, E., Nevarez Ruiz, L., Li, Y. G., Yu, Z., Milicevic, Z., Malik, R., Bethel, M. A., & Cox, D. A. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-1473 · Cited by 199
Frías, J. P., Auerbach, P., Bajaj, H. S., Fukushima, Y., Lingvay, I., Macura, S., Søndergaard, A. L., Tankova, T. I., Tentolouris, N., & Buse, J. B. (2021) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00174-1 · Cited by 188
The drug shortage crisis in the United States: causes, impact, and management strategies.
Ventola, C. L. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 154
Switching Between Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Rationale and Practical Guidance
Almandoz, J. P., Lingvay, I., Morales, J., & Campos, C. (2020) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd19-0100 · Cited by 74
Vadher, K., Patel, H., Mody, R., Levine, J. A., Hoog, M., Cheng, A. Y., Pantalone, K. M., & Sapin, H. (2022) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14775 · Cited by 56
Medicine shortages in Australia: causes, impact and management strategies in the community setting
Tan, Y. X., Moles, R. J., & Chaar, B. B. (2016) · International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy · doi:10.1007/s11096-016-0342-1 · Cited by 51
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Prevalence and Severity of Rationing During Drug Shortages
Hantel, A., Siegler, M. A., Hlubocky, F. J., Colgan, K. J., & Daugherty, C. K. (2019) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.8251 · Cited by 34
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The role of outsourcing facilities in overcoming drug shortages
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Drug Shortages Lead to Rationing, Treatment Delay
(2020) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.naj.0000659952.01971.15 · Cited by 2
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Beba, 2022, PCDS consensus statement: a strategy for managing the supply shortage of the GLP-1 RAs Ozempic and Trulicity, Diabetes & Primary Care, 24, 147
Cited by
Sorted by citations
9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Bajaj, M., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s009 · Cited by 728
Self-citationRodriguez, P. J., Zhang, V., Gratzl, S., Do, D., Goodwin Cartwright, B., Baker, C., Gluckman, T. J., Stucky, N., & Emanuel, E. J. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.57349 · Cited by 374
Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity
Rodriguez, P. J., Goodwin Cartwright, B. M., Gratzl, S., Brar, R., Baker, C., Gluckman, T. J., & Stucky, N. L. (2024) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.2525 · Cited by 334
9. pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of care in diabetes—2026
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes*, Bajaj, M., McCoy, R. G., Balapattabi, K., Bannuru, R. R., Bellini, N. J., Bennett, A. K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., ChallaSivaKanaka, S., et al. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-s009 · Cited by 263
Self-citationMoiz, A., Filion, K. B., Tsoukas, M. A., Yu, O. H. Y., Peters, T. M., & Eisenberg, M. J. (2025) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103363 · Cited by 157
Metadata
- Authors
- Whitley, H. P., Trujillo, J. M., & Neumiller, J. J.
- Affiliations
- Baptist Health System (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Washington State University Spokane (US)
- Corresponding author
- Trujillo, Jennifer M.
- Venue
- Clinical Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2023-04-07
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 467-473
- ISSN
- 0891-8929 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-4953
- PMC
- PMC10338283
- OpenAlex
- W4362703983
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 4
- FWCI
- 27.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2024-08-13)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- drug shortages, GLP-1 receptor agonists, dulaglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, supply and demand imbalance, glycemic control, weight loss, cardiovascular risk reduction, access to medicines, mitigation measures
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