9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023

ElSayed, Nuha A.; Aleppo, Grazia; Aroda, Vanita R.; Bannuru, Raveendhara R.; Brown, Florence M.; Bruemmer, Dennis; Collins, Billy S.; Hilliard, Marisa E.; Isaacs, Diana; Johnson, Eric L.; Kahan, Scott; Khunti, Kamlesh; Leon, Jose; Lyons, Sarah K.; Perry, Mary Lou; Prahalad, Priya; Pratley, Richard E.; Seley, Jane Jeffrie; Stanton, Robert C.; Gabbay, Robert A.

doi:10.2337/dc23-s009

Cited by 852Diabetes Treatment and ManagementDiabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Management and Education

9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023

Open access

ElSayed, Nuha A., Aleppo, Grazia, Aroda, Vanita R., Bannuru, Raveendhara R., Brown, Florence M., Bruemmer, Dennis, Collins, Billy S., Hilliard, Marisa E. +12 more·2023·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dc23-s009PMC PMC9810476

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations and a full list of Professional Practice Committee members, please refer to Introduction and Methodology. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2337/dc23-s009

Cites

112 of 112 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

GLP-1 RAs are indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (all) and obesity (liraglutide and semaglutide only) and have beneficial effects on patient-important outcomes such as weight loss, cardiovascular and kidney events, hepatic steatosis, and mortality.
“Clinically, GLP-1 RAs are indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (all) and obesity (liraglutide and semaglutide only) and have beneficial effects on patient-important outcomes such as weight loss, cardiovascular and kidney events, hepatic steatosis, and mortality.5,7–9,11,30”
From Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Thyroid Cancer: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Modern treatment guidelines for type 2 diabetes and essential hypertension recommend a stepped care approach to pharmacotherapy.
“By contrast, modern treatment guidelines for type 2 diabetes 154 and essential hypertension 155 (also nutrition related chronic diseases), do recommend a stepped care approach to pharmacotherapy.”
From Effectiveness and safety of drugs for obesity (2024) · cites this paper as [154]
The Combination Therapy section (p. 10) describes stepwise addition of diabetes medications as a traditional recommendation and recommends intensifying treatment when goals are not met. It also says current intensification need not be purely sequential and may begin with combination therapy, so the claim overstates the guideline’s endorsement of stepped care. The hypertension portion is attached to a different citation and is not judged here. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
GLP-1 RAs are contraindicated for patients with a personal or family history of MTC or those with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2.
“As a result, GLP-1 RAs are contraindicated for patients with a personal or family history of MTC or those with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2.8,17,22”
From Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Thyroid Cancer: A Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
The clinical-considerations table (p. 9) mentions thyroid C-cell tumors in rodents but says their relevance to humans is undetermined. Our copy does not state that GLP-1 RAs are contraindicated for patients with a personal or family history of MTC or with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (searched: MTC, MEN2, and thyroid-cancer contraindications). (LLM, conf=0.73)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
A 5% weight reduction is insufficient to improve many aspects of health, and greater weight losses confer greater benefits, with some data suggesting a threshold effect for reduction in some important comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes remission.
“However, a 5% weight reduction is insufficient to improve many aspects of health, and greater weight losses confer greater benefits, 23,82,83 with some data suggesting that there may be a threshold effect for reduction in some important comorbidities such as CVD and diabetes remission.[84][85][86]”
From Approach to Obesity Treatment in Primary Care: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [84]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes
Holman, R. R., Paul, S. K., Bethel, M. A., Matthews, D. R., & Neil, H. A. W. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0806470 · Cited by 7,751 · see citing works
Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes
(2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa052187 · Cited by 5,138 · see citing works
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the american diabetes association (ADA) and the european association for the study of diabetes (EASD)
Davies, M. J., D’Alessio, D. A., Fradkin, J., Kernan, W. N., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., Rossing, P., Tsapas, A., Wexler, D. J., & Buse, J. B. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci18-0033 · Cited by 3,518 · see citing works
Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Davies, M. J., Aroda, V. R., Collins, B. S., Gabbay, R. A., Green, J., Maruthur, N. M., Rosas, S. E., Del Prato, S., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci22-0034 · Cited by 2,104 · see citing works
Self-citation
Untitled work
Riddle (2003) · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.11.3080 · Cited by 1,479 · see citing works
2019 update to: management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Buse, J. B., Wexler, D. J., Tsapas, A., Rossing, P., Mingrone, G., Mathieu, C., D’Alessio, D. A., & Davies, M. J. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci19-0066 · Cited by 1,192 · see citing works
Six-Month Randomized, Multicenter Trial of Closed-Loop Control in Type 1 Diabetes
Brown, S. A., Kovatchev, B. P., Raghinaru, D., Lum, J. W., Buckingham, B. A., Kudva, Y. C., Laffel, L. M., Levy, C. J., Pinsker, J. E., Wadwa, R. P., et al. (2019) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1907863 · Cited by 1,030 · see citing works
Type 1 Diabetes Through the Life Span: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association
Chiang, J. L., Kirkman, M. S., Laffel, L. M., Peters, A. L., & Authors, O. B. O. T. T. 1. D. S. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-1140 · Cited by 976 · see citing works
Effect of intensive therapy on the microvascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus
The Writing Team for the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group (2002) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.287.19.2563 · Cited by 941 · see citing works
Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with efpeglenatide in type 2 diabetes
Gerstein, H. C., Sattar, N., Rosenstock, J., Ramasundarahettige, C., Pratley, R., Lopes, R. D., Lam, C. S. P., Khurmi, N. S., Heenan, L., Del Prato, S., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2108269 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
Self-citation
The management of type 1 diabetes in adults. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Holt, R. I. G., DeVries, J. H., Hess-Fischl, A., Hirsch, I. B., Kirkman, M. S., Klupa, T., Ludwig, B., Nørgaard, K., Pettus, J., Renard, E., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci21-0043 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
Diabetes Medications as Monotherapy or Metformin-Based Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Maruthur, N. M., Tseng, E., Hutfless, S., Wilson, L. M., Suarez-Cuervo, C., Berger, Z., Chu, Y., Iyoha, E., Segal, J. B., & Bolen, S. (2016) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m15-2650 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Threshold-based insulin-pump interruption for reduction of hypoglycemia
Bergenstal, R. M., Klonoff, D. C., Garg, S. K., Bode, B. W., Meredith, M., Slover, R. H., Ahmann, A. J., Welsh, J. B., Lee, S. W., & Kaufman, F. R. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1303576 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Safety of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in patients with type 1 diabetes
Bergenstal, R. M., Garg, S., Weinzimer, S. A., Buckingham, B. A., Bode, B. W., Tamborlane, W. V., & Kaufman, F. R. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.11708 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
A 26-week, randomized, parallel, treat-to-target trial comparing insulin detemir with NPH insulin as add-on therapy to oral glucose-lowering drugs in insulin-naive people with type 2 diabetes
Hermansen, K., Davies, M., Derezinski, T., Martinez Ravn, G., Clauson, P., Home, P., & on behalf of the Levemir Treat-to-Target Study Group (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc05-1365 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Comparative effectiveness and safety of medications for type 2 diabetes: an update including new drugs and 2-drug combinations
Bennett, W. L., Maruthur, N. M., Singh, S., Segal, J. B., Wilson, L. M., Chatterjee, R., Marinopoulos, S. S., Puhan, M. A., Ranasinghe, P., Block, L., et al. (2011) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-154-9-201105030-00336 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
Effect of Subcutaneous Tirzepatide vs Placebo Added to Titrated Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Dahl, D., Onishi, Y., Norwood, P., Huh, R., Bray, R., Patel, H., & Rodríguez, Á. (2022) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2022.0078 · Cited by 597 · see citing works
Oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous liraglutide and placebo in type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 4): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3a trial
Pratley, R., Amod, A., Hoff, S. T., Kadowaki, T., Lingvay, I., Nauck, M., Pedersen, K. B., Saugstrup, T., & Meier, J. J. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31271-1 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Self-citation
Glucose outcomes with the in-home use of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes
Garg, S. K., Weinzimer, S. A., Tamborlane, W. V., Buckingham, B. A., Bode, B. W., Bailey, T. S., Brazg, R. L., Ilany, J., Slover, R. H., Anderson, S. M., et al. (2017) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2016.0421 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Obesity management as a primary treatment goal for type 2 diabetes: time to reframe the conversation
Lingvay, I., Sumithran, P., Cohen, R. V., & le Roux, C. W. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01919-x · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of degludec versus glargine in type 2 diabetes.
Marso, S. P., McGuire, D. K., Zinman, B., Poulter, N. R., Emerson, S. S., Pieber, T. R., Pratley, R. E., Haahr, P.-M., Lange, M., Brown-Frandsen, K., et al. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1615692 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Self-citation
Long-term metformin use and vitamin B12 deficiency in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Aroda, V. R., Edelstein, S. L., Goldberg, R. B., Knowler, W. C., Marcovina, S. M., Orchard, T. J., Bray, G. A., Schade, D. S., Temprosa, M. G., White, N. H., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3754 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Self-citation
Outpatient Insulin Therapy in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Scientific Review
DeWitt, D. E., & Hirsch, I. B. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.17.2254 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Methods of Insulin Delivery and Glucose Monitoring for Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Yeh, H.-C., Brown, T. T., Maruthur, N., Ranasinghe, P., Berger, Z., Suh, Y. D., Wilson, L. M., Haberl, E. B., Brick, J., Bass, E. B., et al. (2012) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00508 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily insulin glargine as add-on to metformin (with or without sulfonylureas) in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 4): a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, multicentre, multinational, phase 3a trial
Aroda, V. R., Bain, S. C., Cariou, B., Piletič, M., Rose, L., Axelsen, M., Rowe, E., & DeVries, J. H. (2017) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30085-2 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Self-citation
Closed-loop insulin delivery in suboptimally controlled type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, 12-week randomised trial
Tauschmann, M., Thabit, H., Bally, L., Allen, J. M., Hartnell, S., Wilinska, M. E., Ruan, Y., Sibayan, J., Kollman, C., Cheng, P., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31947-0 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Insulin glargine or NPH combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes: The LANMET study
Yki-Järvinen, H., Kauppinen-Mäkelin, R., Tiikkainen, M., Vähätalo, M., Virtamo, H., Nikkilä, K., Tulokas, T., Hulme, S., Hardy, K., McNulty, S., et al. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-0132-0 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Once weekly exenatide compared with insulin glargine titrated to target in patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-3): an open-label randomised trial
Diamant, M., Van Gaal, L., Stranks, S., Northrup, J., Cao, D., Taylor, K., & Trautmann, M. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60406-0 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Impact of fat, protein, and glycemic index on postprandial glucose control in type 1 diabetes: implications for intensive diabetes management in the continuous glucose monitoring era
Bell, K. J., Smart, C. E., Steil, G. M., Brand-Miller, J. C., King, B., & Wolpert, H. A. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0100 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and basal insulin combination treatment for the management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Eng, C., Kramer, C. K., Zinman, B., & Retnakaran, R. R. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61335-0 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
International consensus on risk management of diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 1 diabetes treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors
Danne, T., Garg, S., Peters, A. L., Buse, J. B., Mathieu, C., Pettus, J. H., Alexander, C. M., Battelino, T., Ampudia-Blasco, F. J., Bode, B. W., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-2316 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Long-acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Horvath, K., Jeitler, K., Berghold, A., Ebrahim, S. H., Gratzer, T. W., Plank, J., Kaiser, T., Pieber, T. R., & Siebenhofer, A. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005613.pub3 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Glycaemic durability of an early combination therapy with vildagliptin and metformin versus sequential metformin monotherapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (VERIFY): A 5-year, multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial
Matthews, D. R., Paldánius, P. M., Proot, P., Chiang, Y., Stumvoll, M., & Del Prato, S. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32131-2 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Empagliflozin as Adjunctive to Insulin Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes: The EASE Trials
Rosenstock, J., Marquard, J., Laffel, L. M., Neubacher, D., Kaspers, S., Cherney, D. Z., Zinman, B., Skyler, J. S., George, J., Soleymanlou, N., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-1749 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of metformin in patients with type 1 diabetes (REMOVAL): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Petrie, J. R., Chaturvedi, N., Ford, I., Brouwers, M. C. G. J., Greenlaw, N., Tillin, T., Hramiak, I., Hughes, A. D., Jenkins, A. J., Klein, B. E. K., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30194-8 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
New Insulin Glargine 300 Units/mL Versus Glargine 100 Units/mL in People With Type 2 Diabetes Using Basal and Mealtime Insulin: Glucose Control and Hypoglycemia in a 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial (EDITION 1)
Riddle, M. C., Bolli, G. B., Ziemen, M., Muehlen-Bartmer, I., Bizet, F., & Home, P. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0991 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of liraglutide added to insulin treatment in type 1 diabetes: the ADJUNCT ONE treat-to-target randomized trial
Mathieu, C., Zinman, B., Hemmingsson, J. U., Woo, V., Colman, P., Christiansen, E., Linder, M., Bode, B., & for the ADJUNCT ONE Investigators (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-0691 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Comparative Effectiveness of Glucose-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Tsapas, A., Avgerinos, I., Karagiannis, T., Malandris, K., Manolopoulos, A., Andreadis, P., Liakos, A., Matthews, D. R., & Bekiari, E. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-0864 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Insulin Degludec Versus Insulin Glargine in Insulin-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Zinman, B., Philis-Tsimikas, A., Cariou, B., Handelsman, Y., Rodbard, H. W., Johansen, T., Endahl, L., Mathieu, C., & on behalf of the NN1250-3579 (BEGIN Once Long) Trial Investigators (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-1205 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Dapagliflozin, metformin XR, or both: initial pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes, a randomised controlled trial
Henry, R. R., Murray, A. V., Marmolejo, M. H., Hennicken, D., Ptaszynska, A., & List, J. F. (2012) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2012.02911.x · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Pramlintide as an Adjunct to Insulin Therapy Improves Long-Term Glycemic and Weight Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Hollander, P. A., Levy, P., Fineman, M. S., Maggs, D. G., Shen, L. Z., Strobel, S. A., Weyer, C., & Kolterman, O. G. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.3.784 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long‐term glycaemic and weight control in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1‐year, randomized controlled trial
Ratner, R. E., Dickey, R., Fineman, M., Maggs, D. G., Shen, L., Strobel, S. A., Weyer, C., & Kolterman, O. G. (2004) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01319.x · Cited by 307 · see citing works
New insulin glargine 300 U/ml compared with glargine 100 U/ml in insulin-naive people with type 2 diabetes on oral glucose-lowering drugs: A randomized controlled trial (EDITION 3)
Bolli, G. B., Riddle, M. C., Bergenstal, R. M., Ziemen, M., Sestakauskas, K., Goyeau, H., Home, P. D., & on behalf of the EDITION 3 study investigators (2015) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12438 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes (DEPICT-1): 24 week results from a multicentre, double-blind, phase 3, randomised controlled trial
Dandona, P., Mathieu, C., Phillip, M., Hansen, L., Griffen, S. C., Tschöpe, D., THOREN, F. A., Xu, J., Langkilde, A. M., Proietto, J., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30308-x · Cited by 295 · see citing works
New insulin delivery recommendations
Frid, A. H., Kreugel, G., Grassi, G., Halimi, S., Hicks, D., Hirsch, L. J., Smith, M. J., Wellhoener, R., Bode, B. W., Hirsch, I. B., et al. (2016) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.06.010 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
New insulin glargine 300 units/ml versus glargine 100 units/ml in people with type 2 diabetes using oral agents and basal insulin: Glucose control and hypoglycemia in a 6-month randomized controlled trial (EDITION 2)
Yki-Järvinen, H., Bergenstal, R., Ziemen, M., Wardecki, M., Muehlen-Bartmer, I., Boelle, E., & Riddle, M. C. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0990 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of once-weekly dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin and glimepiride (AWARD-2)
Giorgino, F., Benroubi, M., Sun, J.-H., Zimmermann, A. G., & Pechtner, V. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-1625 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
A randomized study and open-label extension evaluating the long-term efficacy of pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes
Whitehouse, F., Kruger, D. F., Fineman, M., Shen, L., Ruggles, J. A., Maggs, D. G., Weyer, C., & Kolterman, O. G. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.4.724 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
The Effect of Intensive Glycemic Treatment on Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetic Participants of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study
Cleary, P. A., Orchard, T. J., GENUTH, S. M., Wong, N. D., Detrano, R., Backlund, J. C., Zinman, B., Jacobson, A. M., Sun, W., Lachin, J. M., et al. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-0653 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of liraglutide added to capped insulin treatment in subjects with type 1 diabetes: The adjunct two randomized trial
Ahrén, B., Hirsch, I. B., Pieber, T. R., Mathieu, C., Gómez-Peralta, F., Hansen, T. K., Philotheou, A., Birch, S., Christiansen, E., Jensen, T. J., et al. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-0690 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of LixiLan, a titratable fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine plus lixisenatide in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal insulin and metformin: the LixiLan-L randomized trial
Aroda, V. R., Rosenstock, J., Wysham, C., Unger, J., Bellido, D., González-Gálvez, G., Takami, A., Guo, H., Niemoeller, E., Souhami, E., et al. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1495 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Self-citation
Insulin Access and Affordability Working Group: Conclusions and Recommendations
Cefalu, W. T., Dawes, D. E., Gavlak, G., Goldman, D., Herman, W. H., Van Nuys, K., Powers, A. C., Taylor, S. I., Yatvin, A. L., & on behalf of the Insulin Access and Affordability Working Group (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci18-0019 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of insulin analogues for the management of diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis
Singh, S. R., Ahmad, F., Lal, A., Yu, C., Bai, Z., & Bennett, H. (2009) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.081041 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist or Bolus Insulin With Optimized Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes
Diamant, M., Nauck, M. A., Shaginian, R. M., Malone, J. K., Cleall, S., Reaney, M. D., de Vries, D., Hoogwerf, B. J., MacConell, L., Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., et al. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0876 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Effect of Insulin Degludec vs Insulin Glargine U100 on Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Wysham, C., Bhargava, A., CHAYKIN, L. B., de la Rosa, R., Handelsman, Y., Troelsen, L. N., Kvist, K., & Norwood, P. C. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.7117 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
New insulin glargine 300 units/ml versus glargine 100 units/ml in people with type 1 diabetes: A randomized, phase 3a, open-label clinical trial (edition 4)
Home, P. D., Bergenstal, R. M., Bolli, G. B., Ziemen, M., Rojeski, M., Espinasse, M., & Riddle, M. C. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0249 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Effect of Insulin Glargine Up-titration vs Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide on Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes: The DUAL V Randomized Clinical Trial
Lingvay, I., Manghi, F. P., García-Hernández, P., Norwood, P., Lehmann, L., Tarp-Johansen, M. J., Buse, J. B., & for the DUAL V Investigators (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1252 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Efficacy of carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Bell, K. J., Barclay, A. W., Petocz, P., Colagiuri, S., & Brand-Miller, J. C. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70144-x · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Long-acting insulin analogues versus NPH human insulin in type 2 diabetes
Monami, M., Marchionni, N., & Mannucci, E. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.04.007 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add‐on therapy in subjects with new‐onset diabetes. Results from the <scp>E</scp> fficacy and <scp>D</scp> urability of <scp>I</scp> nitial <scp>C</scp> ombination <scp>T</scp> herapy for <scp>T</scp> ype 2 <scp>D</scp> iabetes ( <scp>EDICT</scp> ): a randomized trial
Abdul‐Ghani, M. A., Puckett, C., Triplitt, C., Maggs, D., Adams, J., Cersosimo, E., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2015) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12417 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Effect of Insulin Degludec vs Insulin Glargine U100 on Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: The SWITCH 1 Randomized Clinical Trial
Lane, W., Bailey, T. S., Gerety, G., Gumprecht, J., Philis-Tsimikas, A., Hansen, C. T., Nielsen, T. S. S., Warren, M., Group Information, & 1, T. S. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.7115 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Mortality in type 1 diabetes in the DCCT/EDIC versus the general population
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study Research Group (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-2399 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
The cost of diabetes care-an elephant in the room
Riddle, M. C., & Herman, W. H. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci18-0012 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Effect of patients’ risks and preferences on health gains with plasma glucose level lowering in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Vijan, S., Sussman, J. B., Yudkin, J. S., & Hayward, R. A. (2014) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.2894 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Patient‐directed titration for achieving glycaemic goals using a once‐daily basal insulin analogue: an assessment of two different fasting plasma glucose targets ‐ the TITRATE TM study
Blonde, L., Merilainen, M., Karwe, V., Raskin, P., & TITRATE™ Study Group (2009) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01060.x · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Comparative efficacy of glucose-lowering medications on body weight and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Tsapas, A., Karagiannis, T., Kakotrichi, P., Avgerinos, I., Mantsiou, C., Tousinas, G., Manolopoulos, A., Liakos, A., Malandris, K., Matthews, D. R., et al. (2021) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14451 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Insulin therapy and hypoglycemia
McCall, A. L. (2012) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2012.03.001 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Fast-acting insulin aspart improves glycemic control in basal-bolus treatment for type 1 diabetes: Results of a 26-week multicenter, active-controlled, treat-to-target, randomized, parallel-group trial (ONSET 1)
Russell-Jones, D., Bode, B. W., De Block, C., Franek, E., Heller, S. R., Mathieu, C., Philis-Tsimikas, A., Rose, L., Woo, V. C., Østerskov, A. B., et al. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1771 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Early combination therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Phung, O. J., Sobieraj, D. M., Engel, S. S., & Rajpathak, S. N. (2013) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12233 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Long-term efficacy and safety of insulin detemir compared to neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes using a treat-to-target basal-bolus regimen with insulin aspart at meals: a 2-year, randomized, controlled trial
Bartley, P. C., Bogoev, M., Larsen, J., & Philotheou, A. (2008) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02407.x · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Adjunctive Therapy with the Amylin Analogue Pramlintide Leads to a Combined Improvement in Glycemic and Weight Control in Insulin-Treated Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes
Ratner, R. E., Want, L. L., Fineman, M. S., Velte, M. J., Ruggles, J. A., Gottlieb, A., Weyer, C., & Kolterman, O. G. (2002) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/15209150252924094 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
A meta‐analysis comparing clinical effects of short‐ or long‐acting <scp>GLP</scp> ‐1 receptor agonists versus insulin treatment from head‐to‐head studies in type 2 diabetic patients
Abd El Aziz, M. S., Kahle, M., Meier, J. J., & Nauck, M. A. (2017) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12804 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Pancreas transplantation
Dean, P. G., Kukla, A., Stegall, M. D., & Kudva, Y. C. (2017) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.j1321 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Social Determinants of Health, Cost-related Nonadherence, and Cost-reducing Behaviors Among Adults With Diabetes: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey
Patel, M. R., Piette, J. D., Resnicow, K., Kowalski-Dobson, T., & Heisler, M. (2016) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000000565 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Predictive Low-Glucose Insulin Suspension Reduces Duration of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Children Without Increasing Ketosis
Buckingham, B. A., Raghinaru, D., Cameron, F., Bequette, B. W., Chase, H. P., Maahs, D. M., Slover, R. H., Wadwa, R. P., Wilson, D. M., Ly, T. T., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-3053 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia with new insulin glargine 300 U/ml versus insulin glargine 100 U/ml in people with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin and oral antihyperglycaemic drugs: the EDITION 2 randomized 12‐month trial including 6‐month extension
Yki-Järvinen, H., Bergenstal, R. M., Bolli, G. B., Ziemen, M., Wardęcki, M., Muehlen-Bartmer, I., Maroccia, M., & Riddle, M. C. (2015) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12532 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Insulin and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Maiorino, M. I., Chiodini, P., Bellastella, G., Capuano, A., Esposito, K., & Giugliano, D. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1957 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Clinical Considerations for Use of Initial Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes
Cahn, A., & Cefalu, W. T. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dcs15-3007 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Cost-related medication non-adherence among U.S. adults with diabetes
Kang, H., Lobo, J. M., Kim, S., & Sohn, M.-W. (2018) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.06.016 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Safety, effectiveness, and cost effectiveness of long acting versus intermediate acting insulin for patients with type 1 diabetes: Systematic review and network meta-analysis
Tricco, A. C., Ashoor, H. M., Antony, J., Beyene, J., Veroniki, A. A., Isaranuwatchai, W., Harrington, A., Wilson, C., Tsouros, S., Soobiah, C., et al. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g5459 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
A model-based meta-analysis of 24 antihyperglycemic drugs for type 2 diabetes: comparison of treatment effects at therapeutic doses
Maloney, A., Rosenstock, J., & Fonseca, V. (2019) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.1307 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Inhaled Technosphere insulin compared with injected prandial insulin in type 1 diabetes: A randomized 24-week trial
Bode, B. W., McGill, J. B., Lorber, D. L., Gross, J. L., Chang, P.-C., Bregman, D. B., & for the Affinity 1 Study Group (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0075 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
One‐year sustained glycaemic control and less hypoglycaemia with new insulin glargine 300 <scp>U/ml</scp> compared with 100 <scp>U/ml</scp> in people with type 2 diabetes using basal plus meal‐time insulin: the <scp>EDITION 1</scp> 12‐month randomized trial, including 6‐month extension
Riddle, M. C., Yki‐Järvinen, H., Bolli, G. B., Ziemen, M., Muehlen‐Bartmer, I., Cissokho, S., & Home, P. D. (2015) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12472 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review of comparative effectiveness research
Levin, P. A., Nguyen, H., Wittbrodt, E., & Kim, S. C. (2017) · Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dmso.s130834 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
New insulin glargine 300 U/ml versus glargine 100 U/ml in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin and oral antihyperglycaemic drugs: glucose control and hypoglycaemia in a randomized controlled trial ( EDITION JP 2)
Terauchi, Y., Koyama, M., Cheng, X., Takahashi, Y., Riddle, M. C., Bolli, G. B., & Hirose, T. (2015) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12618 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists compared with basal insulins for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: <scp>a</scp> systematic review and meta‐analysis
Singh, S., Wright, E. E., Kwan, A. Y. M., Thompson, J. C., Syed, I. A., Korol, E. E., Waser, N. A., Yu, M. B., & Juneja, R. (2017) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12805 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Short-acting insulin analogues vs. regular human insulin in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis
Mannucci, E., Monami, M., & Marchionni, N. (2009) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00934.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Treatment intensification with stepwise addition of prandial insulin aspart boluses compared with full basal-bolus therapy (FullSTEP Study): a randomised, treat-to-target clinical trial
Rodbard, H. W., Visco, V. E., Andersen, H., Hiort, L. C., & Shu, D. H. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70090-1 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Comparison of insulin degludec with insulin glargine in insulin‐naive subjects with Type 2 diabetes: a 2‐year randomized, treat‐to‐target trial
Rodbard, H. W., Cariou, B., Zinman, B., Handelsman, Y., Philis‐Tsimikas, A., Skjøth, T. V., Rana, A., Mathieu, C., & The BEGIN Once Long Trial Investigators (2013) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12303 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Ultra rapid lispro improves postprandial glucose control compared with lispro in patients with type 1 diabetes: Results from the 26‐week PRONTO‐T1D study
Klaff, L. J., Cao, D., Dellva, M. A., Tobian, J. A., Miura, J., Dahl, D. B., Lucas, J., & Bue‐Valleskey, J. M. (2020) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14100 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Long-term treatment with metformin in type 2 diabetes and methylmalonic acid: Post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled 4.3 year trial
Out, M., Kooy, A., Lehert, P., Schalkwijk, C. A., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.11.001 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Once-Weekly Exenatide Versus Once- or Twice-Daily Insulin Detemir
Davies, M., Heller, S., Sreenan, S., Sapin, H., Adetunji, O., Tahbaz, A., & Vora, J. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-1333 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Association of initiation of basal insulin analogs vs Neutral Protamine Hagedorn insulin with hypoglycemia-related emergency department visits or hospital admissions and with glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes
Lipska, K. J., Parker, M. M., Moffet, H. H., Huang, E. S., & Karter, A. J. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.7993 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Improved postprandial glucose with inhaled technosphere insulin compared with insulin aspart in patients with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily injections: The STAT study
Akturk, H. K., Snell-Bergeon, J. K., Rewers, A., Klaff, L. J., Bode, B. W., Peters, A. L., Bailey, T. S., & Garg, S. K. (2018) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2018.0200 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Randomized double-blind clinical trial comparing ultra rapid lispro with lispro in a basal-bolus regimen in patients with type 2 diabetes: PRONTO-T2D
Blevins, T., Zhang, Q., Frias, J. P., Jinnouchi, H., & Chang, A. M. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-2550 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Durability of insulin degludec plus liraglutide versus insulin glargine U100 as initial injectable therapy in type 2 diabetes (DUAL VIII): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3b, randomised controlled trial
Aroda, V. R., González-Galvez, G., Grøn, R., Halladin, N., Haluzík, M., Jermendy, G., Kok, A., Őrsy, P., Sabbah, M., Sesti, G., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(19)30184-6 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citation
Simplifying Complex Insulin Regimens While Preserving Good Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Taybani, Z. J., Bótyik, B., Katkó, M., Gyimesi, A., & Várkonyi, T. T. (2019) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-019-0673-8 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Evidence Base for Diabetes Technology: Appropriate and Inappropriate Meta-Analysis
Pickup, J. C. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681300700617 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Effect of metformin on glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Meng, H., Zhang, A., Liang, Y., Hao, J., Zhang, X., & Lu, J. (2018) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2983 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Safety and efficacy of insulin therapy delivered via a 4mm pen needle in obese patients with diabetes
Bergenstal, R. M., Strock, E. S., Peremislov, D., Gibney, M. A., Parvu, V., & Hirsch, L. J. (2015) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.12.014 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Effectiveness and safety of carbohydrate counting in the management of adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Vaz, E. C., Porfírio, G. J. M., Nunes, H. R. D. C., & Nogueira, V. D. S. N. (2018) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.20945/2359-3997000000045 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin glargine given in the evening as compared with in the morning in type 2 diabetes
Porcellati, F., Lucidi, P., Cioli, P., Candeloro, P., Marinelli Andreoli, A., Marzotti, S., Ambrogi, M., Bolli, G. B., & Fanelli, C. G. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0649 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Reducing Type 1 Diabetes Mortality: Role for Adjunctive Therapies?
Snaith, J. R., Holmes-Walker, D. J., & Greenfield, J. R. (2020) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2019.11.007 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Dose-response effects of insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes
Wang, Z., Hedrington, M. S., Gogitidze Joy, N., Briscoe, V. J., Richardson, M. A., Younk, L., Nicholson, W., Tate, D. B., & Davis, S. N. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-2011 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Patient-level meta-analysis of efficacy and hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes initiating insulin glargine 100U/mL or neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin analysed according to concomitant oral antidiabetes therapy
Owens, D. R., Traylor, L., Mullins, P. R., & Landgraf, W. (2016) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2016.10.022 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Erratum. Insulin Access and Affordability Working Group: Conclusions and Recommendations. Diabetes Care 2018;41;1299–1311
Cefalu, W. T., Dawes, D. E., Gavlak, G., Goldman, D. P., Herman, W. H., Nuys, K. V., Powers, A. C., Taylor, S. I., & Yatvin, A. L. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-er08 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Overbasalization: Addressing Hesitancy in Treatment Intensification Beyond Basal Insulin
Cowart, K. (2020) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd19-0061 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Safe and simple emergency department discharge therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe hyperglycemia
Babu, A., Mehta, A., Guerrero, P., Chen, Z., Meyer, P. M., Koh, C. K., Roberts, R., Schaider, J., & Fogelfeld, L. (2009) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep09117.orr · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Comparison of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled technosphere insulin and subcutaneous insulin lispro in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Grant, M., Heise, T., & Baughman, R. (2022) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.1007/s40262-021-01084-0 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effect of Total Daily Dose on Efficacy, Dosing, and Safety of 2 Dose Titration Regimens of Human Regular U-500 Insulin in Severely Insulin-Resistant Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Wysham, C., Hood, R. C., Warren, M. L., Wang, T., Morwick, T. M., & Jackson, J. A. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep15959.or · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Meta‐analysis of insulin aspart versus regular human insulin used in a basal–bolus regimen for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (在基础—餐时糖尿病治疗方案中使用门冬胰岛素与使用常规人胰岛素对照研究的Meta分析)
Heller, S., Bode, B., Kozlovski, P., & Svendsen, A. L. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12060 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Results of a 24-week trial of technosphere insulin versus insulin aspart in type 2 diabetes
Hoogwerf, B. J., Pantalone, K. M., Basina, M., Jones, M. C., Grant, M., & Kendall, D. M. (2021) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2020.11.002 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 114 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 4

[23]23. Peters AL, Laffel L (Eds.). American Diabetes Association/JDRF Type 1 Diabetes Sourcebook. Alexandria, VA, American Diabetes Association, 2013
[25]25. Bell KJ, Barclay AW, Petocz P, Colagiuri S, Brand-Miller JC. Ef fi cacy of carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014;2:133 -140
[55]55. Abdul-Ghani MA, Puckett C, Triplitt C, et al. Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with newonset diabetes. Results from the Ef fi cacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT): a randomized trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015;17:268 -275
[69]69. Davies M, Heller S, Sreenan S, et al. Onceweekly exenatide versus onceor twice-daily insulin detemir: randomized, open-label, clinical trial of ef fi cacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin alone or in combination with sulfonylureas. Diabetes Care 2013;36:1368 -1376

Sorted by citations

A synopsis of the evidence for the science and clinical management of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
Ndumele, C. E., Neeland, I. J., Tuttle, K. R., Chow, S. L., Mathew, R. O., Khan, S. S., Coresh, J., Baker-Smith, C. M., Carnethon, M. R., Després, J.-P., et al. (2023) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001186 · Cited by 1,405 · see citing works
2023 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Management of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Kittleson, M. M., Panjrath, G. S., Amancherla, K., Davis, L. L., Deswal, A., Dixon, D. L., Januzzi, J. L., & Yancy, C. W. (2023) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2023.03.393 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Comparison of tirzepatide and dulaglutide on major adverse cardiovascular events in participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: SURPASS‐CVOT design and baseline characteristics
Nicholls, S. J., Bhatt, D. L., Buse, J. B., Prato, S. D., Kahn, S. E., Lincoff, A. M., McGuire, D. K., Nauck, M. A., Nissen, S. E., Sattar, N., et al. (2024) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2023.09.007 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Cardiovascular outcomes with tirzepatide versus dulaglutide in type 2 diabetes
Nicholls, S. J., Pavo, I., Bhatt, D. L., Buse, J. B., Del Prato, S., Kahn, S. E., Lincoff, A. M., McGuire, D. K., Miller, D., Nauck, M. A., et al. (2025) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2505928 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of oral orforglipron in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicentre, randomised, dose-response, phase 2 study
Frias, J. P., Hsia, S., Eyde, S., Liu, R., Ma, X., Konig, M., Kazda, C., Mather, K. J., Haupt, A., Pratt, E., et al. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01302-8 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Weekly Icodec versus Daily Glargine U100 in Type 2 Diabetes without Previous Insulin
Rosenstock, J., Bain, S. C., Gowda, A., Jódar, E., Liang, B., Lingvay, I., Nishida, T., Trevisan, R., & Mosenzon, O. (2023) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2303208 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Optimized glycemic control of type 2 diabetes with reinforcement learning: a proof-of-concept trial
Wang, G., Liu, X., Ying, Z., Yang, G., Chen, Z., Liu, Z., Zhang, M., Yan, H., Lu, Y., Gao, Y., et al. (2023) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02552-9 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Flavonoids as dual-target inhibitors against α-glucosidase and α-amylase: a systematic review of in vitro studies
Lam, T.-P., Tran, N.-V. N., Pham, L.-H. D., Lai, N. V.-T., Dang, B.-T. N., Truong, N.-L. N., Nguyen-Vo, S.-K., Hoang, T.-L., Mai, T. T., & Tran, T. (2024) · Natural Products and Bioprospecting · doi:10.1007/s13659-023-00424-w · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Switching to once-weekly insulin icodec versus once-daily insulin glargine U100 in individuals with basal-bolus insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (ONWARDS 4): a phase 3a, randomised, open-label, multicentre, treat-to-target, non-inferiority trial
Mathieu, C., Ásbjörnsdóttir, B., BAJAJ, H. S., Lane, W. S., Matos, A. L. D. S. A., Murthy, S., Stachlewska, K., & Rosenstock, J. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00520-2 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Once-Weekly Insulin Icodec vs Once-Daily Insulin Degludec in Adults With Insulin-Naive Type 2 Diabetes
Lingvay, I., Asong, M., Desouza, C. V., Gourdy, P., Kar, S., Vianna, A. G. D., Vilsbøll, T., VINTHER, S. M., & Mu, Y. (2023) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2023.11313 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Switching to once-weekly insulin icodec versus once-daily insulin degludec in individuals with basal insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (ONWARDS 2): a phase 3a, randomised, open label, multicentre, treat-to-target trial
Philis‐Tsimikas, A., Asong, M., Franek, E., Jia, T., Rosenstock, J., Stachlewska, K., Watada, H., & Kellerer, M. (2023) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00093-1 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Special Report: Potential Strategies for Addressing GLP-1 and Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist Shortages
Whitley, H. P., Trujillo, J. M., & Neumiller, J. J. (2023) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd23-0023 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Perioperative management of long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists: concerns for delayed gastric emptying and pulmonary aspiration
van Zuylen, M. L., Siegelaar, S. E., Plummer, M. P., Deane, A. M., Hermanides, J., & Hulst, A. H. (2024) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2024.01.001 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Combining glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Gourdy, P., Darmon, P., Diévart, F., Halimi, J., & Guerci, B. (2023) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-023-01798-4 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of once-daily oral semaglutide 25 mg and 50 mg compared with 14 mg in adults with type 2 diabetes (PIONEER PLUS): a multicentre, randomised, phase 3b trial
Aroda, V. R., Aberle, J., Bardtrum, L., Christiansen, E., Knop, F. K., Gabery, S., Pedersen, S. D., & Buse, J. B. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01127-3 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citation
Contemporary Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Therapy Among Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction in the US
Pierce, J. B., Vaduganathan, M., Fonarow, G. C., Ikeaba, U., Chiswell, K., Butler, J., DeVore, A. D., Heidenreich, P. A., Huang, J., Kittleson, M. M., et al. (2023) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2023.1266 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Once-weekly insulin icodec versus once-daily insulin degludec as part of a basal-bolus regimen in individuals with type 1 diabetes (ONWARDS 6): a phase 3a, randomised, open-label, treat-to-target trial
Russell-Jones, D., Babazono, T., Cailleteau, R., Engberg, S., Irace, C., Kjaersgaard, M. I. S., Mathieu, C., Rosenstock, J., Woo, V., & Klonoff, D. C. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02179-7 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and risk of thyroid cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Silverii, G. A., Monami, M., Gallo, M., Ragni, A., Prattichizzo, F., Renzelli, V., Ceriello, A., & Mannucci, E. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15382 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Disproportionality Analysis From World Health Organization Data on Semaglutide, Liraglutide, and Suicidality
Schoretsanitis, G., Weiler, S., Barbui, C., Raschi, E., & Gastaldon, C. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.23385 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Approach to Obesity Treatment in Primary Care: A Review
Yanovski, S. Z., & Yanovski, J. A. (2024) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.8526 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Sarcopenia and Diabetes: A Detrimental Liaison of Advancing Age
Lisco, G., Disoteo, O., Tullio, A. D., Geronimo, V. D., Giagulli, V. A., Monzani, F., Jirillo, E., Cozzi, R. C., Guastamacchia, E., Pergola, G. D., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16010063 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence for diabetes care: current and future prospects
Sheng, B., Pushpanathan, K., Guan, Z., Lim, Q. H., Lim, Z. W., Yew, S. M. E., Goh, J. H. L., Bee, Y. M., Sabanayagam, C., Sevdalis, N., et al. (2024) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00154-2 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Pain-free oral delivery of biologic drugs using intestinal peristalsis–actuated microneedle robots
Gao, X., Li, J., Li, J., Zhang, M., & Xu, J. L. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adj7067 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
KDOQI US Commentary on the KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of CKD
Navaneethan, S. D., Bansal, N., Cavanaugh, K. L., Chang, A. R., Crowley, S. T., Delgado, C., Estrella, M. M., Ghossein, C., Ikizler, T. A., Koncicki, H. M., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.08.003 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Outcomes of Various Classes of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Jang, H., Kim, Y., Lee, D. H., Joo, S. K., Koo, B. K., Lim, S. K., Lee, W., & Kim, W. K. (2024) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.8029 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems in Noninsulin-Treated People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Ferreira, R. O. M., Trevisan, T., Pasqualotto, E., Chavez, M. P., Marques, B. F., Lamounier, R. N., & van de Sande-Lee, S. (2024) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2023.0390 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Efficacy of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on hepatic fibrosis and steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Lopez, A., & Pajimna, J. A. T. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-52603-5 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Genitourinary Tract Infections in Patients Taking SGLT2 Inhibitors
Kittipibul, V., Cox, Z. L., Chesdachai, S., Fiuzat, M., Lindenfeld, J. M., & Mentz, R. J. (2024) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2024.01.040 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
The Basis for Weekly Insulin Therapy: Evolving Evidence With Insulin Icodec and Insulin Efsitora Alfa
Rosenstock, J., Juneja, R., Beals, J. M., Moyers, J. S., Ilag, L. L., & McCrimmon, R. J. (2024) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnad037 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Advances in the management of type 2 diabetes in adults
Galindo, R. J., Trujillo, J. M., Wang, C. C. L., & McCoy, R. G. (2023) · BMJ Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000372 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
2023 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management in Korea: Full Version Recommendation of the Korean Diabetes Association
Moon, J. S., Kang, S., Choi, J. H., Lee, K. A., Moon, J. H., Chon, S., Kim, D. J., Kim, H. J., Seo, J. A., Kim, M. K., et al. (2024) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2024.0249 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Functional and Clinical Importance of SGLT2-inhibitors in Frailty: From the Kidney to the Heart
Santulli, G., Varzideh, F., Forzano, I., Wilson, S. M., Salemme, L., Donato, A. D., Lombardi, A., Rainone, A., Nunziata, L., Jankauskas, S. S., et al. (2023) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20598 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
L-Arginine in diabetes: clinical and preclinical evidence
Forzano, I., Avvisato, R., Varzideh, F., Jankauskas, S. S., Cioppa, A., Mone, P., Salemme, L., Kansakar, U., Tesorio, T., Trimarco, V., et al. (2023) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-023-01827-2 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Spotlight on the Mechanism of Action of Semaglutide
Papakonstantinou, I. P., Tsioufis, K. P., & Katsi, V. K. (2024) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46120872 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Big Data Research in the Field of Endocrine Diseases Using the Korean National Health Information Database
Cho, S. W., Kim, J. H., Choi, H. S., Ahn, H. Y., Kim, M. K., & Rhee, E. (2023) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2023.102 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
View on Metformin: Antidiabetic and Pleiotropic Effects, Pharmacokinetics, Side Effects, and Sex-Related Differences
Froldi, G. (2024) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph17040478 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Patents and regulatory exclusivities on GLP-1 receptor agonists
Alhiary, R., Kesselheim, A. S., Gabriele, S., Beall, R. F., Tu, S. S., & Feldman, W. B. (2023) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2023.13872 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
<scp>GLP</scp> ‐1 receptor agonists and the risk for cancer: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Silverii, G. A., Marinelli, C., Bettarini, C., Del Vescovo, G. G., Monami, M., & Mannucci, E. (2025) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16489 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Effectiveness and safety of drugs for obesity
Henderson Lewis, K., Sloan, C. E., Bessesen, D. H., & Arterburn, D. (2024) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-072686 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
SGLT2i for evidence-based cardiorenal protection in diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease: a comprehensive review by EURECA-m and ERBP working groups of ERA
Mark, P. B., Sarafidis, P. A., Ekart, R., Ferro, C. J., Balafa, O. C., Fernández‐Fernández, B., Herrington, W. G., Rossignol, P., Vecchio, L. D., Valdivielso, J. M., et al. (2023) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfad112 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Risk of thyroid cancer associated with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: A population‐based cohort study
Bea, S., Son, H., Bae, J. H., Cho, S. W., Shin, J., & Cho, Y. M. (2024) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15292 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Kidney Fibrosis and Oxidative Stress: From Molecular Pathways to New Pharmacological Opportunities
Patera, F., Gatticchi, L., Cellini, B., Chiasserini, D., & Reboldi, G. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14010137 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
GLP-1RA Use and Thyroid Cancer Risk
Brito, J. P., Herrin, J. S., SWARNA, K. S., Ospina, N. S., Montori, V. M., Toro-Tobón, D., Umpierrez, G. E., Galindo, R. J., Deng, Y., Mickelson, M. M., et al. (2025) · JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2024.4852 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and their potential role in dementia onset and cognitive function in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Youn, Y. J., Kim, S. Y., Jeong, H., Ah, Y., & Yu, Y. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101131 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The Effect of Probiotic Supplements on Metabolic Parameters of People with Type 2 Diabetes in Greece—A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Zikou, E., Dovrolis, N., Dimosthenopoulos, C., Gazouli, M., & Makrilakis, K. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15214663 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Guideline for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly in China (2024 Edition)
Guo, L., & Xiao, X. (2024) · Aging Medicine · doi:10.1002/agm2.12294 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Insulin Efsitora versus Degludec in Type 2 Diabetes without Previous Insulin Treatment
Wysham, C., BAJAJ, H. S., Prato, S. D., Franco, D. R., Kiyosue, A., Dahl, D. B., Zhou, C., Carr, M. C., Case, M. G., & GONCALVES, L. F. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2403953 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
SGLT2 Inhibitors vs. GLP-1 Agonists to Treat the Heart, the Kidneys and the Brain
Rolek, B., Haber, M., Gajewska, M., Rogula, S., Pietrasik, A., & Gąsecka, A. (2023) · Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease · doi:10.3390/jcdd10080322 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists modestly reduced blood pressure among patients with and without diabetes mellitus: A meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Rivera, F. B., Lumbang, G. N. O., Gaid, D. R. M., Cruz, L. L. A., Magalong, J. V., Bantayan, N. R. B., Lara-Breitinger, K. M., Gulati, M., & Bakris, G. L. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15529 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Glucometabolic outcomes of GLP-1 receptor agonist-based therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Caruso, I., Gioia, L. D., Molfetta, S. D., Cignarelli, A., Palmer, S. C., Natale, P., Strippoli, G. F., Perrini, S., Natalicchio, A., Laviola, L., et al. (2023) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102181 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Modern Management of Cardiometabolic Continuum: From Overweight/Obesity to Prediabetes/Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Recommendations from the Eastern and Southern Europe Diabetes and Obesity Expert Group
Janež, A., Muzurović, E. M., Bogdański, P., Czupryniak, L., Fábryová, Ľ., Fras, Z., Guja, C., Haluzı́k, M., Kempler, P., Lalic, N. M., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-024-01615-5 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Protection by Metformin: Latest Advances in Basic and Clinical Research
Li, J. Z., & Li, Y. R. (2023) · Cardiology · doi:10.1159/000531432 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Tirzepatide: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes
France, N. L., & Syed, Y. Y. (2024) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-023-01992-4 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Management of diabetic ketoacidosis
Barski, L., Golbets, E., Jotkowitz, A., & Schwarzfuchs, D. (2023) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2023.07.005 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The relationship between the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists and the incidence of respiratory illness: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Yu, M., Wang, R., Pei, L., Zhang, X., Wei, J., Wen, Y., Liu, H., Ye, H., Wang, J., & Wang, L. (2023) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-023-01118-6 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Current Understanding of Sodium N-(8-[2-Hydroxylbenzoyl] Amino) Caprylate (SNAC) as an Absorption Enhancer: The Oral Semaglutide Experience
Solis‐Herrera, C., Kane, M. P., & Triplitt, C. L. (2023) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd22-0118 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Standards of care for medical management of acromegaly in pituitary tumor centers of excellence (PTCOE)
Giustina, A., Uygur, M. M., Frara, S., Barkan, A. L., Biermasz, N. R., Chanson, P., Freda, P. U., Gadelha, M. R., Haberbosch, L., Kaiser, U. B., et al. (2024) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-024-01397-w · Cited by 45 · see citing works
A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Using Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
Hu, E.-H., Tsai, M.-L., Lin, Y., Chou, T.-S., & Chen, T.-H. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60030357 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: A mini review of pathophysiology, diagnosis and management in critically ill patients
See, K. C. (2024) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1178 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Association between treatment adherence and continuous glucose monitoring outcomes in people with diabetes using smart insulin pens in a real-world setting
Danne, T. P. A., Joubert, M., Hartvig, N. V., Kaas, A., Knudsen, N. N., & Mader, J. K. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-2176 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
GLP-1R Signaling and Functional Molecules in Incretin Therapy
Wan, W., Qin, Q., Xie, L., Zhang, H., Wu, F., Stevens, R. C., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28020751 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The impact of using reinforcement learning to personalize communication on medication adherence: findings from the REINFORCE trial
Lauffenburger, J. C., Yom‐Tov, E., Keller, P. A., McDonnell, M. E., Crum, K. L., Bhatkhande, G., Sears, E. S., Hanken, K. E., Bessette, L. G., Fontanet, C. P., et al. (2024) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01028-5 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
New anti-diabetic agents for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Kongmalai, T., Srinonprasert, V., Anothaisintawee, T., Kongmalai, P., McKay, G. J., Attia, J., & Thakkinstian, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1182037 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Use of SGLT2 Inhibitors vs GLP-1 RAs and Anemia in Patients With Diabetes and CKD
Hu, J.-C., Shao, S., Tsai, D. H., Chuang, A. T.-M., Liu, K., & Lai, E. C. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0946 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of hyperkalemia among people with type 2 diabetes in clinical practice: population based cohort study
Fu, E. L., Wexler, D. J., CROMER, S. J., Bykov, K., Paik, J. M., & Patorno, E. (2024) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-078483 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Antidiabetic GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Have Neuroprotective Properties in Experimental Animal Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
Urkon, M., Ferencz, E., Szász, J. A., Szabó, M. I. M., Orbán-Kis, K., Szatmári, S., & Nagy, E. E. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18050614 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The clinical benefits of sodium–glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors in people with gout
Yokose, C., McCormick, N., Abhishek, A., Dalbeth, N., Pascart, T., Lioté, F., Gaffo, A., FitzGerald, J. D., Terkeltaub, R. A., Sise, M. E., et al. (2024) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/s41584-024-01092-x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Thyroid Cancer: A Narrative Review
Espinosa De Ycaza, A. E., Brito, J. P., McCoy, R. G., Shao, H., & Singh Ospina, N. (2024) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2023.0530 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Glucose-Lowering Medications and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Ray, A., Paik, J. M., Wexler, D. J., Sreedhara, S. K., Bykov, K., Feldman, W. B., & Patorno, E. (2025) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.7811 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Should people with type 2 diabetes treated by multiple daily insulin injections with home health care support be switched to hybrid closed‐loop? The <scp>CLOSE AP</scp> + randomized controlled trial
Reznik, Y., Carvalho, M., Fendri, S., Prevost, G., Chaillous, L., Riveline, J. P., Hanaire, H., Dubois, S., Houéto, P., Pasche, H., et al. (2024) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15351 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Optimizing Multidisciplinary Care of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Kelepouris, E., Peter, W. L. S., Neumiller, J. J., & Wright, E. E. (2023) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-023-01416-2 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Key indices of glycaemic variability for application in diabetes clinical practice
Monnier, L., Bonnet, F., Colette, C., Renard, É., & Owens, D. R. (2023) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2023.101488 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Hexokinase-linked glycolytic overload and unscheduled glycolysis in hyperglycemia-induced pathogenesis of insulin resistance, beta-cell glucotoxicity, and diabetic vascular complications
Rabbani, N., & Thornalley, P. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1268308 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Early detection of hypo/hyperglycemia using a microneedle electrode array-based biosensor for glucose ultrasensitive monitoring in interstitial fluid
Tawakey, S. H., Mansour, M., Soltan, A., & Salim, A. I. (2024) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d4lc00365a · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Tirzepatide Improved Markers of Islet Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in People With T2D (SURPASS-2)
Frias, J. P., De Block, C., Brown, K., Wang, H., Thomas, M. K., Zeytinoglu, M., & Maldonado, J. M. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae038 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Novel Anti-obesity Therapies and their Different Effects and Safety Profiles: A Critical Overview
Çaklılı, Ö. T., Cesur, M., Mikhailidis, D. P., & Rizzo, M. (2023) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s392684 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Evaluation of an oral small‐molecule glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, lotiglipron, for type 2 diabetes and obesity: A dose‐ranging, phase 2, randomized, placebo‐controlled study
Amin, N. B., Frederich, R. C., Tsamandouras, N., Haggag, A. Z., Schuster, T., Żmuda, W., Palmer, A., Vasas, S., Buckley, G., Smith, T. R., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16005 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The effect of SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP1 agonists, and their sequential combination on cardiometabolic parameters: A randomized, prospective, intervention study
Bechlioulis, A., Markozannes, G., Chionidi, I., Liberopoulos, E. N., Naka, K. Κ., Ntzani, E., Liatis, S., Rizzo, M., & Rizos, E. C. (2023) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108436 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
SGLT2 inhibitors: an evidence-based update on cardiovascular implications
Forzano, I., Wilson, S. M., Lombardi, A., Jankauskas, S. S., Kansakar, U., Mone, P., Varzideh, F., & Santulli, G. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1080/13543784.2023.2263354 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Utility and Limitations
Galiero, R., Caturano, A., Vetrano, E., Monda, M., Marfella, R., Sardu, C., Salvatore, T., Rinaldi, L., & Sasso, F. C. (2023) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s390752 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Effectiveness of glucose-lowering medications on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes at moderate cardiovascular risk
McCoy, R. G., Herrin, J., Swarna, K. S., Deng, Y., Kent, D. M., Ross, J. S., Umpierrez, G. E., Galindo, R. J., Crown, W. H., Borah, B. J., et al. (2024) · Nature Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1038/s44161-024-00453-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Once-weekly insulins: a promising approach to reduce the treatment burden in people with diabetes
Trevisan, R., Conti, M., & Ciardullo, S. (2024) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-024-06158-9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Once‐weekly insulin efsitora alfa: Design and rationale for the QWINT phase 3 clinical development programme
Bergenstal, R. M., Philis‐Tsimikas, A., Wysham, C., Carr, M. C., Bue‐Valleskey, J. M., Botros, F. T., Blevins, T., & Rosenstock, J. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15604 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The role of bone in energy metabolism: A focus on osteocalcin
Smith, C., Lin, X., Parker, L., Yeap, B. B., Hayes, A., & Levinger, I. (2024) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2024.117238 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Prevalence and predictors of traditional medicine use among persons with diabetes in Africa: a systematic review
Ekpor, E., Osei, E., & Akyirem, S. (2023) · International Health · doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihad080 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
FIB-4 as a screening and disease monitoring method in pre-fibrotic stages of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD)
Albert, S. G., & Wood, E. M. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108777 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Efficacy of metformin in prevention of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial
Bakry, H. M., Mansour, N. O., Elkhodary, T. R., & Soliman, M. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1181312 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Chronic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes: translation of novel type 2 diabetes therapeutics to individuals with type 1 diabetes
Sridhar, V. S., Limonte, C. P., Groop, P., Heerspink, H. J. L., Pratley, R. E., Rossing, P. R., Skyler, J. S., & Cherney, D. Z. I. (2023) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-023-06015-1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citation
Perioperative Management of Patients Receiving Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: Development of a Clinical Guideline at a Large Academic Medical Center
Raiten, J. M., Morlok, A. P., D'Ambrosia, S., Ruggero, M. A., & Flood, J. (2023) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2023.10.011 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Initial Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes
Kim, J. Y., & Kim, N. H. (2023) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2023.1816 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
PPAR agonists as add-on treatment with metformin in management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Alnuaimi, S., Reljic, T., Abdulla, F. S., Memon, H., Al-Ali, S., Smith, T., Serdarević, F., Velija-Ašimi, Z., Kumar, A., & Semiz, S. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-59390-z · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Early combination therapy with SGLT2i and GLP ‐1 RA or dual GIP / GLP ‐1 RA in type 2 diabetes
Vale, C., Lourenço, I. M., Jordan, G., Golovaty, I., Torres, H., Moin, T., Buysschaert, M., Neves, J. S., & Bergman, M. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16077 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Real-World Retrospective Study into the Effects of Oral Semaglutide (As a Switchover or Add-On Therapy) in Type 2 Diabetes
Candido, R., Gaiotti, S., Giudici, F., Toffoli, B., Luca, F. D., Velardi, V., Petrucco, A., Gottardi, C., Manca, E., Buda, I., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12186052 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Guidelines on the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Fisher, M. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1761205 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Association of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors with risk of incident dementia and all‐cause mortality in older patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study using the <scp>TriNetX US</scp> collaborative networks
Pai, Y., Chen, I., Lin, J., Chen, X., Chen, H., Chang, M., Huang, J., & Lin, C. (2024) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15918 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Urinary tract infections and genital mycotic infections associated with SGLT‑2 inhibitors: an analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Yang, T., Zhou, Y. F., & Cui, Y. (2023) · Expert Opinion on Drug Safety · doi:10.1080/14740338.2023.2288897 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Reduced mortality and morbidity associated with metformin and SGLT2 inhibitor therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cirrhosis
Huynh, D. J., Renelus, B. D., & Jamorabo, D. S. (2023) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-023-03085-8 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Polyzwitterion-branched polycholic acid nanocarriers based oral delivery insulin for long-term glucose and metabolic regulation in diabetes mellitus
Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Yu, W., Tang, H., & Yuan, W. (2025) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-025-03190-8 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Cardiorenal effectiveness of empagliflozin vs. glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: final-year results from the EMPRISE study
Htoo, P. T., Tesfaye, H., Schneeweiß, S., Wexler, D. J., Everett, B. M., Glynn, R. J., Schmedt, N., Koeneman, L., Déruaz‐Luyet, A., Paik, J. M., et al. (2024) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-024-02150-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Design and In Silico Evaluation of an Exercise Decision Support System Using Digital Twin Models
Young, G. M., Dodier, R. H., Youssef, J. E., Castle, J. R., Wilson, L. M., Riddell, M. C., & Jacobs, P. G. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968231223217 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Ekhlaspour, L., Gaglia, J. L., Hilliard, M. E., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s009 · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Self-citation
9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026
Bajaj, M. S., McCoy, R. G., Balapattabi, K., Bannuru, R. R., Bellini, N. J., Bennett, A. K., Beverly, E. A., Early, K. B., ChallaSivaKanaka, S., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-s009 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Self-citation
9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Bajaj, M., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s009 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
Self-citation
9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019
American Diabetes Association (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-s009 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020
American Diabetes Association (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-s009 · Cited by 914 · see citing works

Authors: ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., Kahan, S., Khunti, K., Leon, J., Lyons, S. K., Perry, M. L., Prahalad, P., Pratley, R. E., Seley, J. J., Stanton, R. C., & Gabbay, R. A.
ORCID: ElSayed, Nuha A.
Aleppo, Grazia
Aroda, Vanita R.
Bannuru, Raveendhara R.
Brown, Florence M.
Bruemmer, Dennis
Collins, Billy S.
Hilliard, Marisa E.
Isaacs, Diana
Johnson, Eric L.
Kahan, Scott
Khunti, Kamlesh
Lyons, Sarah K.
Perry, Mary Lou
Prahalad, Priya
Pratley, Richard E.
Seley, Jane Jeffrie
Stanton, Robert C.
Gabbay, Robert A.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2022-12-12
Volume: 46
Issue: Supplement_1
Pages: S140-S157
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2337/dc23-s009
PMC: PMC9810476
OpenAlex: W4311264067
Semantic Scholar: f75bf88f7fa4c4c0cf940dad739ba96bb6d15d64
Cited by: 851
References: 114
Citations by year: 2026: 64 · 2025: 149 · 2024: 360 · 2023: 277 · 2022: 1
FWCI: 28.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.diabetesjournals.org/journals/pages/license (vor)
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Keywords: glycemic control, pharmacotherapy, diabetes mellitus, antidiabetic drugs, clinical guidelines, treatment goals, quality of care
MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Endocrinology, Humans, Reference Standards, Societies, Medical, Standard of Care

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks