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Inflammation Is Necessary for Long-Term but Not Short-Term High-Fat Diet–Induced Insulin Resistance
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Tissue inflammation is a key factor underlying insulin resistance in established obesity. Several models of immuno-compromised mice are protected from obesity-induced insulin resistance. However, it is unanswered whether inflammation triggers systemic insulin resistance or vice versa in obesity. The purpose of this study was to assess these questions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to wild-type mice and three different immuno-compromised mouse models (lymphocyte-deficient Rag1 knockout, macrophage-depleted, and hematopoietic cell-specific Jun NH2-terminal kinase–deficient mice) and measured the time course of changes in macrophage content, inflammatory markers, and lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle along with systemic insulin sensitivity. RESULTS: In wild-type mice, body weight and adipose tissue mass, as well as insulin resistance, were clearly increased by 3 days of HFD. Concurrently, in the short-term HFD period inflammation was selectively elevated in adipose tissue. Interestingly, however, all three immuno-compromised mouse models were not protected from insulin resistance induced by the short-term HFD. On the other hand, lipid content was markedly increased in liver and skeletal muscle at day 3 of HFD. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the initial stage of HFD-induced insulin resistance is independent of inflammation, whereas the more chronic state of insulin resistance in established obesity is largely mediated by macrophage-induced proinflammatory actions. The early-onset insulin resistance during HFD feeding is more likely related to acute tissue lipid overload.
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“Lee et al. demonstrated a mild proinflammatory response in the epididymal adipose depot of mice fed a HFD for three days (16), and the proinflammatory polarization of macrophages was of particular importance in this response.”
From The ominous triad of adipose tissue dysfunction: inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired angiogenesis. (2017) · cites this paper as [16]
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Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization
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TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance
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Adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obesity
Kawai, T., Autieri, M. V., & Scalia, R. (2021) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00379.2020 · Cited by 1,947
Insulin action and resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Czech, M. P. (2017) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4350 · Cited by 1,258
Adipose Tissue Remodeling: Its Role in Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders
Choe, S. S., Huh, J. Y., Hwang, I. J., Kim, J. I., & Kim, J. B. (2016) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2016.00030 · Cited by 1,206
Self-citationMetabolic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Obesity
Wu, H., & Ballantyne, C. M. (2020) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.119.315896 · Cited by 1,059
The ominous triad of adipose tissue dysfunction: inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired angiogenesis.
Crewe, C., An, Y. A., & Scherer, P. E. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci88883 · Cited by 732
Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, Y. S., Li, P., Huh, J. Y., Hwang, I. J., Lu, M., Kim, J. I., Ham, M., Talukdar, S., Chen, A., Lu, W. J., Bandyopadhyay, G. K., Schwendener, R., Olefsky, J., & Kim, J. B.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Jae Bum
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2011-09-16
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2474-2483
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- PMC
- PMC3178297
- OpenAlex
- W2095717717
- Cited by
- 566
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 24.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK063491, DK 074868, DK 033651, T32DK007494, R37DK033651, P01DK074868, R01DK033651, P30DK063491)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD012303, U54HD012303)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- insulin resistance, high-fat diet, inflammation, obesity, macrophages, adipose tissue, Rag1 knockout mice, macrophage depletion, lipid accumulation, hepatic lipid accumulation, skeletal muscle lipid accumulation
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Blood Glucose, Ceramides, Dietary Fats, Drug Administration Schedule, Epididymis, Glucose, Glucose Tolerance Test, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Liver, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Muscle, Skeletal, Mice
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