Cited by 209Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Treatment and Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes

Open access

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Research Group·2016·Diabetes

DOI 10.2337/db15-1517PMC PMC4839209

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are well-established in type 2 but not type 1 diabetes (T1DM). We assessed risk factors in the long-term (mean 27 years) follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) cohort with T1DM. Cox proportional hazards multivariate models assessed the association of traditional and novel risk factors, including HbA1c, with major atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (MACE) (fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI] or stroke) and any-CVD (MACE plus confirmed angina, silent MI, revascularization, or congestive heart failure). Age and mean HbA1c were strongly associated with any-CVD and with MACE. For each percentage point increase in mean HbA1c, the risk for any-CVD and for MACE increased by 31 and 42%, respectively. CVD and MACE were associated with seven other conventional factors, such as blood pressure, lipids, and lack of ACE inhibitor use, but not with sex. The areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves for the association of age and HbA1c, taken together with any-CVD and for MACE, were 0.70 and 0.77, respectively, and for the final models, including all significant risk factors, were 0.75 and 0.82. Although many conventional CVD risk factors apply in T1DM, hyperglycemia is an important risk factor second only to age.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2337/db15-1517

Cites

47 of 47 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The Effect of Intensive Treatment of Diabetes on the Development and Progression of Long-Term Complications in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
(1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199309303291401 · Cited by 24,667
Self-citation
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes
Power, D. V. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1593 · Cited by 8,676
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
General Cardiovascular Risk Profile for Use in Primary Care: The Framingham Heart Study
D’Agostino, R. B., Vasan, R. S., Pencina, M. J., Wolf, P. A., Cobain, M., Massaro, J. M., & Kannel, W. B. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.699579 · Cited by 7,491 · cited 2×
“While these models could be employed as the basis for a “risk” or prediction score, we hesitate to do so owing to the relatively small numbers of subjects with an outcome event (184 anyCVD, 88 MACE) compared, for example, to the 1174 CVD cases used to develop, validate and calibrate the Framingham Risk Score (43).”
Result
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2015 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., de Ferranti, S., Després, J.-P., Fullerton, H. J., Howard, V. J., et al. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000152 · Cited by 5,797 · cited 1×
“This finding contrasts with the higher risk of CVD among men than women in the general population (29).”
Result
HEART DISEASE AND STROKE STATISTICS–2014 UPDATE: A REPORT FROM THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
Tarver, T. (2014) · Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet · doi:10.1080/15398285.2014.902284 · Cited by 5,595
Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes
(2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa052187 · Cited by 5,138
Self-citation
Body Mass Index, Metabolic Syndrome, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes or Cardiovascular Disease
Meigs, J. B., Wilson, P. W. F., Fox, C. S., Vasan, R. S., Nathan, D. M., SULLIVAN, L. M., & D’Agostino, R. B. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0594 · Cited by 1,088 · cited 2×
“Another risk factor established for CVD in type 2 diabetes (34) that did not emerge in our study was obesity or BMI.”
Estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria for prediction of cardiovascular outcomes: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data
Matsushita, K., Coresh, J., Sang, Y., Chalmers, J. P., Fox, C. S., Güallar, E., Jafar, T. H., Jassal, S. K., Landman, G. W. D., Muntner, P., et al. (2015) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00040-6 · Cited by 935
Model selection and model averaging
Claeskens, G., & Hjort, N. L. (2008) · Cited by 872

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 50 references

3 of the 50 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Pedersen, 1992, Long-term (18 year) prognosis for normo- and microalbuminuric type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, Diabetologia, 35, A60

Sorted by citations

Cardiomyopathy in Children: Classification and Diagnosis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Lipshultz, S. E., Law, Y. M., Asante‐Korang, A., Austin, E. D., Dipchand, A. I., Everitt, M. D., Hsu, D. T., Lin, K. Y., Price, J. F., Wilkinson, J. D., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000682 · Cited by 422
Risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study
Braffett, B. H., Gubitosi-Klug, R. A., Albers, J. W., Feldman, E. L., Martin, C. L., White, N. H., Orchard, T. J., Lopes-Virella, M., Lachin, J. M., Pop-Busui, R., et al. (2020) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db19-1046 · Cited by 221
Self-citation
Cardiovascular disease in diabetes, beyond glucose
Eckel, R. H., Bornfeldt, K., & Goldberg, I. J. (2021) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.001 · Cited by 235
Risk Factors for Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC Study
Hainsworth, D. P., Bebu, I., Aiello, L. P., Sivitz, W. I., Gubitosi‐Klug, R., Malone, J. I., White, N. H., Danis, R. P., Wallia, A., Gao, X., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-2308 · Cited by 208
Cardiovascular Risk in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Schofield, J. D., Ho, J. H., & Soran, H. (2019) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-019-0612-8 · Cited by 164
Management of Type 1 Diabetes With a Very Low–Carbohydrate Diet
Lennerz, B. S., Barton, A. B., Bernstein, R. K., Dikeman, R. D., Diulus, C. A., Hallberg, S. J., Rhodes, E. T., Ebbeling, C. B., Westman, E. C., Yancy, W. S., et al. (2018) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2017-3349 · Cited by 149
Macrophage metabolism in atherosclerosis
Bories, G. F. P., & Leitinger, N. (2017) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.12786 · Cited by 145
Dyslipidemia in Type 1 Diabetes: A Masked Danger
Vergès, B. L. (2020) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.015 · Cited by 140
Risk Factors for Kidney Disease in Type 1 Diabetes
Perkins, B. A., Bebu, I., de Boer, I. H., Molitch, M. E., Tamborlane, W. V., Lorenzi, G. M., Herman, W. H., White, N. H., Pop‐Busui, R., Paterson, A. D., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-2062 · Cited by 128
A Contemporary Estimate of Total Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: The Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study
Miller, R. G., Mahajan, H., Costacou, T., Sekikawa, A. M., Anderson, S., & Orchard, T. J. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1162 · Cited by 127
Risk Factor Modeling for Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) Study: A Comparison With the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC)
Miller, R. G., Costacou, T., & Orchard, T. J. (2018) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db18-0515 · Cited by 112
Cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes: A review of epidemiological data and underlying mechanisms
Vergès, B. L. (2020) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2020.09.001 · Cited by 116
Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study
Pop-Busui, R., Braffett, B. H., Zinman, B., Martin, C., White, N. H., Herman, W. H., Genuth, S., Gubitosi-Klug, R., & the DCCT/EDIC Research Group (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1397 · Cited by 116
Blood glucose meters and test strips: global market and challenges to access in low-resource settings
Klatman, E. L., Jenkins, A. J., Ahmedani, M. Y., & Ogle, G. D. (2018) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30074-3 · Cited by 100
Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Epidemiology and Management of Cardiovascular Risk
Colom, C., Rull, A., Sánchez‐Quesada, J. L., & Pérez, A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10081798 · Cited by 109
Risk Factors for First and Subsequent CVD Events in Type 1 Diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC Study
Bebu, I., Schade, D. S., Braffett, B. H., Kosiborod, M., Lopes-Virella, M. F., Soliman, E. Z., Herman, W. H., Bluemke, D. A., Wallia, A., Orchard, T. J., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-2292 · Cited by 104
Does diabetes prevention translate into reduced long-term vascular complications of diabetes?
and the DPP Research Group, Nathan, D. M., Bennett, P. H., Crandall, J. P., Edelstein, S. L., Goldberg, R. B., Kahn, S. E., Knowler, W. C., Mather, K. J., Mudaliar, S., et al. (2019) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-4928-8 · Cited by 91
The relationship of blood glucose with cardiovascular disease is mediated over time by traditional risk factors in type 1 diabetes: the DCCT/EDIC study
Bebu, I., Braffett, B. H., Pop‐Busui, R., Orchard, T. J., Nathan, D. M., & Lachin, J. M. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4374-4 · Cited by 87
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management
Williams, S., Raheim, S. A., Khan, M. I., Rubab, U., Kanagala, P., Zhao, S. S., Worthington, A., Brown, E. E., & Alam, U. (2022) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.09.002 · Cited by 102
Understanding Metabolic Memory: A Tale of Two Studies
Miller, R. G., & Orchard, T. J. (2020) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db19-0514 · Cited by 87
The Association of Coronary Artery Calcification With Subsequent Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes
Budoff, M. J., Backlund, J. C., Bluemke, D. A., Polak, J. F., Bebu, I., Schade, D. S., Strowig, S. M., Raskin, P., & Lachin, J. M. (2019) · JACC. Cardiovascular imaging · doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.01.014 · Cited by 80
Increasing the protein quantity in a meal results in dose‐dependent effects on postprandial glucose levels in individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Paterson, M. A., Smart, C. E., Lopez, P. E., Howley, P., McElduff, P., Attia, J., Morbey, C., & King, B. R. (2017) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13347 · Cited by 77
Cigarette Smoking, Diabetes, and Diabetes Complications: Call for Urgent Action
Zhu, P., Pan, X., Sheng, L., Chen, H., & Pan, A. (2017) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-017-0903-2 · Cited by 77
Lipid-lowering in diabetes: An update
Chait, A., Eckel, R. H., Vrablı́k, M., & Zambon, A. (2023) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117313 · Cited by 71
Diabetes propels the risk for cardiovascular disease: sweet monocytes becoming aggressive?
van Diepen, J. A., Thiem, K., Stienstra, R., Riksen, N. P., Tack, C. J., & Netea, M. G. (2016) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-016-2316-9 · Cited by 68
Carbohydrate restriction for diabetes: rediscovering centuries-old wisdom
Lennerz, B. S., Koutnik, A. P., Azova, S., Wolfsdorf, J. I., & Ludwig, D. S. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci142246 · Cited by 78
The Contribution of Cardiac Fatty Acid Oxidation to Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Severity
Karwi, Q. G., Sun, Q., & Lopaschuk, G. D. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10113259 · Cited by 68
PCSK9 and diabetes: is there a link?
Momtazi‐Borojeni, A. A., Banach, M., Pirro, M., Stein, E. A., & Sahebkar, A. (2017) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2017.01.006 · Cited by 65
Mediation of the effect of glycemia on the risk of CVD outcomes in type 1 diabetes: the DCCT/EDIC study
Bebu, I., Braffett, B. H., Orchard, T. J., Lorenzi, G. M., Lachin, J. M., & the DCCT/EDIC Research Group (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-1613 · Cited by 62
Self-citation
Presence and Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes of Long Duration: The FinnDiane 50 Years of Diabetes Study
Harjutsalo, V., Barlovič, D. P., Gordin, D., Forsblom, C. M., King, G. L., Groop, P., & the FinnDiane Study Group (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-2816 · Cited by 60
Epidemiology of Skeletal Health in Type 1 Diabetes
Weber, D. R., & Schwartz, G. J. (2016) · Current Osteoporosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11914-016-0333-0 · Cited by 59
The Gut Microbiome Composition Is Altered in Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes and Associates With Glycemic Control and Disease-Related Complications
van Heck, J. I. P., Gaćeša, R., Stienstra, R., Fu, J., Zhernakova, A., Harmsen, H. J. M., Weersma, R. K., Joosten, L. A. B., & Tack, C. J. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-2225 · Cited by 58
Meta-analysis of type 1 diabetes mellitus and risk of cardiovascular disease
Cai, X., Li, J., Cai, W., Chen, C., Ma, J., Xie, Z., Dong, Y., Liu, C., Xue, R., & Zhao, J. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107833 · Cited by 58
Risk of coronary artery disease and stroke according to sex and presence of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes
Harjutsalo, V., Thomas, M. C., Forsblom, C. M., Groop, P., & On Behalf of the FinnDiane Study Group (2018) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13456 · Cited by 53
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events in Women vs Men With Type 1 Diabetes
Braffett, B. H., Bebu, I., ghormli, L. K. E., Cowie, C. C., Sivitz, W. I., Pop‐Busui, R., Larkin, M., Gubitosi‐Klug, R., Nathan, D. M., Lachin, J. M., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.30710 · Cited by 53
Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Can Early Intervention Prevent Future Cardiovascular Events?
Gourgari, E., Dabelea, D., & Rother, K. I. (2017) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-017-0968-y · Cited by 49
Cardiovascular health in adults with type 1 diabetes
McCarthy, M. M., Funk, M., & Grey, M. J. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.019 · Cited by 47
DNA methylation age calculators reveal association with diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes
Roshandel, D., Chen, Z., Canty, A. J., Bull, S. B., Natarajan, R. D., & Paterson, A. D. (2020) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-020-00840-6 · Cited by 48
Association of Insulin Dose, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes During 30 Years of Follow-up in the DCCT/EDIC Study
Braffett, B. H., Dagogo-Jack, S. E., Bebu, I., Sivitz, W. I., Larkin, M., Kolterman, O., & Lachin, J. M. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-1574 · Cited by 46
Skin autofluorescence predicts major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 1 diabetes: a 7-year follow-up study
Blanc-Bisson, C., Vélayoudom‐Céphise, F., Cougnard‐Grégoire, A., Helmer, C., Rajaobelina, K., Delcourt, C., Alexandre, L., Blanco, L., Mohammedi, K., Monlun, M., et al. (2018) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-018-0718-8 · Cited by 44
Serum Uromodulin Predicts Less Coronary Artery Calcification and Diabetic Kidney Disease Over 12 Years in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: The CACTI Study
Bjornstad, P., Wiromrat, P., Johnson, R. J., Sippl, R., Cherney, D. Z. I., Wong, R., Rewers, M., & Snell‐Bergeon, J. K. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-1527 · Cited by 41
Associations of Microvascular Complications With the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes
Gubitosi‐Klug, R., Gao, X., Pop‐Busui, R., de Boer, I. H., White, N., Aiello, L. P., Miller, R., Palmer, J. P., Tamborlane, W. V., Wallia, A., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-3104 · Cited by 42
Hemoglobin A1c Level and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence in Persons With Type 1 Diabetes: An Application of Joint Modeling of Longitudinal and Time-to-Event Data in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study
Miller, R. G., Anderson, S., Costacou, T., Sekikawa, A. M., & Orchard, T. J. (2017) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwx386 · Cited by 40
Chinese expert consensus on blood lipid management in patients with diabetes (2024 edition)
Xiao, Y., Yu, B., Chen, C., Wang, S., Hu, D., Wu, C., Luo, Y., Xie, L., Li, C., Peng, D., et al. (2024) · Journal of Translational Internal Medicine · doi:10.2478/jtim-2024-0014 · Cited by 37
Does Elevated Glucose Promote Atherosclerosis? Pros and Cons
Bornfeldt, K. (2016) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.308873 · Cited by 35
Coronary plaque characteristics and epicardial fat tissue in long term survivors of type 1 diabetes identified by coronary computed tomography angiography
Svanteson, M., Holte, K. B., Haig, Y., Kløw, N. E., & Berg, T. J. (2019) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-019-0861-x · Cited by 34
Use of the Steno T1 Risk Engine Identifies Preclinical Atherosclerosis Better Than Use of ESC/EASD-2019 in Adult Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes at High Risk
Serés‐Noriega, T., Giménez, M., Perea, V., Boswell, L., Viñals, C., Blanco, J., Vinagre, I., Pané, A., Esmatjes, E., Conget, I., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-0118 · Cited by 37
Low carbohydrate high fat ketogenic diets on the exercise crossover point and glucose homeostasis
Noakes, T. D., Prins, P., Volek, J. S., D’Agostino, D. P., & Koutnik, A. P. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1150265 · Cited by 39
“…future glycemic improvement (Diabetes et al., 1993; Holman et al., 2008; Forbes and Cooper, 2013; Nathan et al., 2013; Lind et al., 2014; Nathan and Group, 2014; Nordwall et al., 2015; Diabetes, 2016a; Diabetes, 2016b; Diabetes, 2016c; Stahl et al., 2017; Lind et al., 2019; El Malahi et al., 2022).”
Background
Steno type 1 risk engine and preclinical atherosclerosis in Mediterranean individuals with type 1 diabetes
Viñals, C., Conget, I., Pané, A., Boswell, L., Perea, V., Blanco, J., Ruiz, S., Giménez, M., Vinagre, I., Esmatjes, E., et al. (2020) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3320 · Cited by 34
Smoking and Diabetes Control in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Study From the 2018 National Program for Prevention and Control of Diabetes of Iran
Molla, G. J., Ismail‐Beigi, F., Larijani, B. A., Khaloo, P., Moosaie, F., Alemi, H., Mansournia, M. A., Ghadimi, T., Ghaemi, F., Nakhjavani, M., et al. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.07.002 · Cited by 34
Lipid management for cardiovascular risk reduction in type 1 diabetes
Tell, S., Nadeau, K. J., & Eckel, R. H. (2020) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000551 · Cited by 30
Individualized Glycemic Goals and an Expanded Classification of Severe Hypoglycemia in Diabetes
Cryer, P. E. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-1741 · Cited by 30
Development of Microvascular Complications and Effect of Concurrent Risk Factors in Type 1 Diabetes: A Multistate Model From an Observational Clinical Cohort Study
Bjerg, L., Hulmán, Á., Carstensen, B., Charles, M., Jørgensen, M. E., & Witte, D. R. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-0679 · Cited by 33
Serum apolipoproteins and apolipoprotein-defined lipoprotein subclasses: a hypothesis-generating prospective study of cardiovascular events in T1D
Basu, A., Bebu, I., Jenkins, A. J., Stoner, J. A., Zhang, Y., Klein, R. L., Lopes-Virella, M. F., Garvey, W. T., Budoff, M. J., Alaupovic, P., et al. (2019) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.p090647 · Cited by 30
An Observational Study of the Equivalence of Age and Duration of Diabetes to Glycemic Control Relative to the Risk of Complications in the Combined Cohorts of the DCCT/EDIC Study
Bebu, I., Braffett, B. H., Schade, D., Sivitz, W., Malone, J. I., Pop-Busui, R., Lorenzi, G. M., Lee, P., Trapani, V. R., Wallia, A., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-0226 · Cited by 29
Specific Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Lipoprotein Subclass Profiles and Central Arterial Stiffness in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Control Study
Llauradó, G., Amigó, N., Cano, A., Ballesta, S., Albert, L., Mazarico, I., Fernández‐Veledo, S., Pedro‐Botet, J., Vendrell, J. J., & González-Clemente, J. M. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8111875 · Cited by 28
Diabetes-Specific Nutrition Formulas in the Management of Patients with Diabetes and Cardiometabolic Risk
Mechanick, J. I., Marchetti, A. E., Hegazi, R. A. F., & Hamdy, O. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123616 · Cited by 32
Characterization of periodontitis in people with type 1 diabetes of 50 years or longer duration
Shinjo, T., Ishikado, A., Hastürk, H., POBER, D. M., Paniagua, S. M., Shah, H., Wu, I., TINSLEY, L. J., Matsumoto, M., Keenan, H. A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1002/jper.18-0735 · Cited by 30
Sex-Related Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Schweiger, D. Š., Battelino, T., & Grošelj, U. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms221910192 · Cited by 27
30-Year Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes: Risk and Risk Factors Differ by Long-term Patterns of Glycemic Control
Miller, R. G., Orchard, T. J., & Costacou, T. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-1381 · Cited by 26
Intensive Diabetes Treatment and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Subramanian, S., & Hirsch, I. B. (2017) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2017.10.012 · Cited by 26
Changes of insulin resistance status and development of complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus: Analysis of DCCT/EDIC study
Mao, Y., & Zhong, W. (2022) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109211 · Cited by 27
Metabolism in atherosclerotic plaques: immunoregulatory mechanisms in the arterial wall
Forteza, M. J., & Ketelhuth, D. F. J. (2022) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20201293 · Cited by 25
Cardiovascular complications of type 1 diabetes: update on the renal link
Orchard, T. J., & Costacou, T. (2016) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-016-0949-7 · Cited by 26
Relationships Between the Cumulative Incidences of Long-term Complications in Type 1 Diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC Study
Bebu, I., Braffett, B. H., de Boer, I. H., Aiello, L. P., Bantle, J. P., Lorenzi, G. M., Herman, W. H., Gubitosi‐Klug, R., Perkins, B. A., Lachin, J. M., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-1744 · Cited by 24
Adult-onset type 1 diabetes: predictors of major cardiovascular events and mortality
Wei, Y., Andersson, T., Tuomi, T., Nyström, T., & Carlsson, S. (2025) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf304 · Cited by 25
“The same factors are linked to adverse outcomes in childhood-onset T1D, 3,5,7,9,22–25 although the relative importance of these factors in childhood-onset T1D 3 differ from that in our study population.”
The Remnant Lipoprotein Hypothesis of Diabetes-Associated Cardiovascular Disease
Bornfeldt, K. (2022) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.122.317163 · Cited by 22
Effects of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on glucose variability in youth with Type 1 diabetes.
Peairs, A., Shah, A. S., Summer, S. S., Hess, M., & Couch, S. C. (2017) · PubMed · Cited by 22
Statement of the Spanish Interdisciplinary Vascular Prevention Committee on the updated European Cardiovascular Prevention Guidelines
Armario, P., Brotons, C., Elosúa, R., de Leciñana, M. A., Castro, A., Clarà, A. B. I., Cortés, O., Rodríguez, Á. D., Herranz, M., Justo, S., et al. (2021) · Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.artere.2021.02.001 · Cited by 20
Undiagnosed coronary artery disease in long-term type 1 diabetes. The Dialong study
Holte, K. B., Svanteson, M., Hanssen, K. F., Haig, Y., Solheim, S., & Berg, T. J. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.01.006 · Cited by 21
Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes ― A Consensus Statement Jointly From the Japanese Circulation Society and the Japan Diabetes Society ―
Araki, E., Tanaka, A., Inagaki, N., Ito, H., Ueki, K., Murohara, T., Imai, K., Sata, M., Sugiyama, T., Ishii, H., et al. (2020) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-20-0865 · Cited by 24
The NIDDK Takes on the Complications of Type 1 Diabetes: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study
Braffett, B. H., Bebu, I., Lorenzi, G. M., Martin, C. L., Perkins, B. A., Gubitosi‐Klug, R., & Nathan, D. M. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-2885 · Cited by 23
Initiation of Intermittently Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitoring Is Associated With Reduced Hospitalization for Acute Diabetes Events and Cardiovascular Complications in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Eeg‐Olofsson, K., Nathanson, D., Spelman, T. D., Kyhlstedt, M., Bülow, E., Levrat‐Guillen, F., & Bolinder, J. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-0690 · Cited by 19
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Estimation in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Dei, A., Aldigeri, R., Mantovani, A., Masulli, M., Palmisano, L., Cavalot, F. L., Bonomo, K., Baroni, M. G., Cossu, E., Cavallo, M. G., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad127 · Cited by 23
Plasma Biomarkers of Brain Injury and Their Association With Brain MRI and Cognition in Type 1 Diabetes
Karger, A. B., Nasrallah, I. M., Braffett, B. H., Luchsinger, J. A., Ryan, C. M., Bebu, I., Arends, V. L., Habes, M., Gubitosi‐Klug, R., Chaytor, N. S., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-0229 · Cited by 18
Efficacy and Safety of Long-term Ketogenic Diet Therapy in a Patient With Type 1 Diabetes
Koutnik, A. P., Klein, S., Robinson, A. T., & Watso, J. C. (2024) · JCEM Case Reports · doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luae102 · Cited by 19
The Cardiovascular Legacy of Good Glycemic Control: Clues About Mediators From the DCCT/EDIC Study
Riddle, M. C., & Gerstein, H. C. (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci19-0023 · Cited by 17
Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in people with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a consensus statement jointly from the Japanese Circulation Society and the Japan Diabetes Society
the directors of the JCS, J., Araki, E., Tanaka, A., Inagaki, N., Ito, H., Ueki, K., Murohara, T., Imai, K., Sata, M., Sugiyama, T., et al. (2020) · Diabetology International · doi:10.1007/s13340-020-00471-5 · Cited by 16
Moderation of the effect of glycemia on the risk of cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC study
Bebu, I., Braffett, B. H., Orchard, T. J., Lorenzi, G. M., Nathan, D. M., Herman, W. H., & Lachin, J. M. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108591 · Cited by 17
Serum adiponectin concentrations as a risk factor for cardiovascular complications in type 1 diabetes
Mao, Y., & Zhong, W. (2023) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110700 · Cited by 16
Cardiovascular risk management in type 1 diabetes
Teoh, I. H., Elisaus, P., & Schofield, J. D. (2021) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-021-01400-9 · Cited by 15
Interpretable Data-Driven Approach Based on Feature Selection Methods and GAN-Based Models for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Diabetic Patients
Chushig-Muzo, D., Calero-Díaz, H., Lara-Abelenda, F. J., Gómez-Martínez, V., Granja, C., & Soguero-Ruíz, C. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3412789 · Cited by 16
Prevalence and factors associated with statin use in high-risk patients with type 1 diabetes from a specialized diabetes unit
Amor, A. J., Ortega, E., Giménez, M., Cofán, M., Blanco, J., Pané, A., Boswell, L., Vinagre, I., Esmatjes, E., & Conget, I. (2019) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endinu.2019.02.004 · Cited by 17
Risk Factors for Hearing Impairment in Type 1 Diabetes
Braffett, B. H., Lorenzi, G. M., Cowie, C. C., Gao, X., Bainbridge, K. E., Cruickshanks, K. J., Kramer, J., Gubitosi‐Klug, R., Larkin, M., Barnie, A., et al. (2019) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep-2019-0193 · Cited by 14
Body-weight variability and risk of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 1 diabetes: a retrospective observational analysis of data from the DCCT/EDIC population
Petria, I., Albuquerque, S., Varoquaux, G. P., Vie, J.-J., Venteclef, N., Mohammedi, K., Roussel, R., Camoin, M., Perseghin, G., Velho, G., et al. (2022) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01689-0 · Cited by 14
Association between early glycemic management and diabetes complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study
Suh, J., Choi, Y., Oh, J. S., Song, K., Choi, H. S., Kwon, A., Chae, H. W., & Kim, H.-S. (2023) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2022.12.006 · Cited by 14
Arterial wall inflammation assessed by 18F-FDG-PET/CT is higher in individuals with Type 1 diabetes and associated with circulating inflammatory proteins
Janssen, A. W. M., van Heck, J. I. P., Stienstra, R., Aarntzen, E. H. J. G., van Diepen, J. A., Riksen, N. P., & Tack, C. J. (2023) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvad058 · Cited by 14
Epidemiology of the first-ever cardiovascular event in people with type 1 diabetes: a retrospective cohort population-based study in Catalonia
Giménez‐Pérez, G., Viñals, C., Mata‐Cases, M., Vlacho, B., Real, J., Franch‐Nadal, J., Ortega, E., & Mauricio, D. (2023) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-023-01917-1 · Cited by 14
Lipid profile is associated with treatment regimen in a large cohort of children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a study from the international SWEET database
Kosteria, I., Schwandt, A., Davis, E. A., Jali, S. M., Prieto, M., Rottembourg, D., & the SWEET study group (2019) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13963 · Cited by 16
Self-citation
Treatment strategies for hypertension in patients with type 1 diabetes
Katsimardou, A., Imprialos, K. P., Stavropoulos, K., Sachinidis, A. G., Doumas, M. N., & Athyros, V. G. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1729124 · Cited by 15
Risk factors differ by first manifestation of cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes
Miller, R. G., Orchard, T. J., & Costacou, T. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108141 · Cited by 14
Comentario del CEIPV a la actualización de las Guías Europeas de Prevención Vascular en la Práctica Clínica
Armario, P., Brotons, C., Elosúa, R., de Leciñana, M. A., Castro, A., Clarà, A. B. I., Cortés, O., Rodríguez, Á. D., Herranz, M., Justo, S., et al. (2020) · Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular · doi:10.1016/j.hipert.2020.07.004 · Cited by 13
Glucose Management and the Sex Difference in Excess Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Long-Duration Type 1 Diabetes
Miller, R. G., & Costacou, T. (2019) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-019-1240-4 · Cited by 14
Reduced leukocyte telomere lengths and sirtuin 1 gene expression in long‐term survivors of type 1 diabetes: A Dialong substudy
Opstad, T. B., Berg, T. J., Holte, K. B., Arnesen, H., Solheim, S., & Seljeflot, I. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13470 · Cited by 12
Type 1 diabetes: Developing the first risk-estimation model for predicting silent myocardial ischemia. The potential role of insulin resistance
Llauradó, G., Cano, A., Hernández, C., González-Sastre, M., Rodríguez, A.-A., Puntí, J., Berlanga, E., Albert, L., Simó, R., Vendrell, J. J., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0174640 · Cited by 13
Risk Factors for Longitudinal Resting Heart Rate and Its Associations With Cardiovascular Outcomes in the DCCT/EDIC Study
Keshavarzi, S., Braffett, B. H., Pop‐Busui, R., Orchard, T. J., Soliman, E. Z., Lorenzi, G. M., Barnie, A., Karger, A. B., Gubitosi‐Klug, R., Dagogo-Jack, S. E., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-2387 · Cited by 12
Carbohydrate-restricted diets and Type 1 diabetes mellitus: research considerations
Dikeman, D. T., & Westman, E. C. (2021) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000669 · Cited by 12
Partial Clinical Remission Reduces Lipid-Based Cardiovascular Risk in Adult Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Nwosu, B. U., Parajuli, S., Khatri, K., Jasmin, G., Al‐Halbouni, L., & Lee, A. F. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.705565 · Cited by 11
Reduced heart rate variability in people with type 1 diabetes and elevated diabetes distress: Results from the longitudinal observational DIA‐LINK1 study
Ehrmann, D., Chatwin, H., SCHMITT, A. J., Søholm, U., Kulzer, B., Axelsen, J. L., Broadley, M. M., Haak, T., Pouwer, F., & Hermanns, N. (2023) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15040 · Cited by 11
Hyperlipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease in People with Type 1 Diabetes: Review of Current Guidelines and Evidence
Karmali, R., Sipko, J., Majid, M., & Bruemmer, D. (2023) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-023-01866-x · Cited by 11

Authors: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Research Group
Corresponding author: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Research Group
Venue: Diabetes
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2016-02-19
Volume: 65
Issue: 5
Pages: 1370-1379
ISSN: 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
1939-327X
DOI: 10.2337/db15-1517
PMC: PMC4839209
OpenAlex: W2280350954
Cited by: 209
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 8
FWCI: 20.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.diabetesjournals.org/site/license (vor, 256 d)
Locations: Diabetes (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (U01- DK-094176, U01-DK-094157)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords: type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors, HbA1c, hyperglycemia, age, myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure, ACE inhibitors, blood pressure, lipids
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aging, Canada, Cardiovascular Diseases, Combined Modality Therapy, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetic Angiopathies, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Cardiovascular, Risk Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Prevalence, Survival Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Young Adult, Diabetic Cardiomyopathies

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks