The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of Carbohydrate Counting on Glucose Control and Quality of Life Over 24 Weeks in Adult Patients With Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Few studies have assessed the efficacy of carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes, and none have validated its efficacy in patients who are treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). The aim of our study was to test the effect of carbohydrate counting on glycemic control and quality of life in adult patients with type 1 diabetes who are receiving CSII. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Sixty-one adult patients with type 1 diabetes treated with CSII were randomly assigned to either learning carbohydrate counting (intervention) or estimating pre-meal insulin dose in the usual empirical way (control). At baseline and 12 and 24 weeks, we measured HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, BMI, waist circumference, recorded daily insulin dose, and capillary glucose data, and administered the Diabetes-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale (DSQOLS) questionnaire. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis showed improvement of the DSQOLS score related to diet restrictions (week 24 – baseline difference, P = 0.008) and reduction of BMI (P = 0.003) and waist circumference (P = 0.002) in the intervention group compared with control subjects. No changes in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, daily insulin dose, and hypoglycemic episodes (<2.8 mmol/L) were observed. Per-protocol analysis, including only patients who continuously used carbohydrate counting and CSII during the study, confirmed improvement of the DSQOLS score and reduction of BMI and waist circumference, and showed a significant reduction of HbA1c (−0.35% vs. control subjects, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Among adult patients with type 1 diabetes treated with CSII, carbohydrate counting is safe and improves quality of life, reduces BMI and waist circumference, and, in per-protocol analysis, reduces HbA1c.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For individuals with type 1 diabetes, intensive insulin therapy using the carbohydrate counting approach can result in improved glycemia and is recommended.”
From Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report (2019) · cites this paper as [267]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199309303291401 · Cited by 24,667
Turner, R. C., Fox, C., Matthews, McElroy, H. H., Cull, C. A., Holman, R. R., Neil, P., Hadden, D. R., Wright, D., Manley, E., et al. (1998) · The Lancet · Cited by 8,419
Standards of medical care in diabetes 2010
American Diabetes Association (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-s011 · Cited by 3,470
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009
American Diabetes Association (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-s013 · Cited by 2,167
Rubin, R. R., & Peyrot, M. F. (1999) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(199905/06)15:3 · Cited by 1,147
Amiel, S. A., Beveridge, S., Bradley, C., Gianfrancesco, C., Heller, S. R., James, P., McKeown, N., Newton, D. F., Newton, L. D., Oliver, L., et al. (2002) · Deakin Research Online (Deakin University) · Cited by 723
The evidence for the effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy in diabetes management
Pastors, J. G., Warshaw, H., Daly, A., Franz, M., & Kulkarni, K. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.3.608 · Cited by 434
Executive Summary: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2010
(2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-s004 · Cited by 290
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Pastors, 2005, Diabetes meal-planning strategies
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–120 of 120
3.15 Nutritional Management of Diabetes in Childhood
Smart, C. E. (2015) · World review of nutrition and dietetics · doi:10.1159/000367863
Facteurs prédictifs d’amélioration glycémique chez les patients diabétiques sous pompe à insuline
Saatdjian-Salino, L. (2013) · HAL
García-García, F. (2015) · UPM Digital Archive (Technical University of Madrid) · doi:10.20868/upm.thesis.37805
Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 e Bomba Infusora de Insulina em Idade Pediátrica
Ungureanu, M. C. (2012) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Effektivität des Kohlenhydratzählens bei Typ-I-Diabetes
Jecht, M. (2013) · Der Diabetologe · doi:10.1007/s11428-013-1160-x
Reach, G., & Choleau, C. (2013) · Bulletin de l Académie Nationale de Médecine · doi:10.1016/s0001-4079(19)31628-0
Nutrition therapy in the treatment of diabetes
Brand-Miller, J. C., & Ambler, G. R. (2012) · The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney)
Patton, S. R., Knecht, N., Barkley, R. M., Lee, D., Walker, W., & Yuras, A. (2012)
Jiang, Q., He, Z., Chen, Q., & Jing, H. (2021) · doi:10.2196/preprints.33679
Reynaud, R., Bendelac, N., & Coutant, R. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-74942-1.00009-4
Nutritional Principles in the Treatment of Diabetes
Middelbeek, R. J. W., Hafida, S., & Groysman, A. Y. (2023) · Nutrition and health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24663-0_5
Dietary Management of Diabetes
Guess, N. D. (2024) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119697473.ch27
Ounaissa, K., Madhbouh, M., Mahjoub, F., Amor, N. B., Abdesselem, H., Lahmar, I., Gammoudi, A., Amrouche, C., & Kamoun, H. J. (2024) · La Tunisie Médicale · doi:10.62438/tunismed.v102i4.4629 · Cited by 1
Cepeda, J., de Peralta, A. M., Ruíz-Matuk, C. B., Salado, D., Socias-Pappaterra, P. J., Ho-Sang, V. W. Y., & Mella-Bonilla, I. (2024) · Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública · doi:10.26633/rpsp.2024.86 · Cited by 3
(2022) · American Diabetes Association eBooks · doi:10.2337/9781580407700.ch03
Masuda, T., Katakami, N., Taya, N., Miyashita, K., Takahara, M., Kato, K., & Shimomura, I. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.70108
Umehara, T., Aoyama, T., Fujimura, R., Takahashi, A., Arai, S., Tonezawa, S., Hagiwara, R., Morimoto, J., Funazaki, S., Yamada, H., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Technology and Obesity Medicine · doi:10.1177/29986702251409796
Agha, A., Rakha, S. Y., Afandi, B. O., Kalupahana, N. S., & Alkaabi, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1922652
Metadata
- Authors
- Laurenzi, A., Bolla, A. M., Panigoni, G., Doria, V., Uccellatore, A., Peretti, E., Saibene, A., Galimberti, G., Bosi, E., & Scavini, M.
- Affiliations
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Bosi, Emanuele
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2011-03-21
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 823-827
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC3064035
- OpenAlex
- W2152872104
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 7.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- carbohydrate counting, type 1 diabetes, insulin pump therapy, glycemic control, HbA1c, quality of life, body mass index, waist circumference, hypoglycemia, dietary restriction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Treatment Outcome, Infusions, Subcutaneous
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
