CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 432Diabetes Treatment and ManagementChronic Kidney Disease and DiabetesDiabetes Management and Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Use of Metformin in the Setting of Mild-to-Moderate Renal Insufficiency

Open access
Lipska, Kasia J., Bailey, Clifford J., Inzucchi, Silvio E.·2011·Diabetes Care
DOI 10.2337/dc10-2361PMC PMC3114336
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

A common clinical conundrum faces all U.S. practitioners treating patients with type 2 diabetes. Today’s U.S. Food and Drug Administration prescribing guidelines for metformin contraindicate its use in men and women with serum creatinine concentrations ≥1.5 and ≥1.4 mg/dL (≥132 and ≥123 µmol/L), respectively. In a patient tolerating and controlled with this medication, should it automatically be discontinued as the creatinine rises beyond these cut points over time? Stopping metformin often results in poorly controlled glycemia and/or the need for other agents with their own adverse-effect profiles. Moreover, is the now widespread use of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in lieu of serum creatinine levels creating even more confusion, especially in those with abnormalities in one but not the other indirect measure of renal function? Indeed, more than a decade and a half after metformin became available in the U.S., debate continues over the best approach in these settings (1–3). How many patients are unable to receive this medication on the basis of guidelines which, although well intentioned, are somewhat arbitrary and outdated based on modern assessments of renal status? There is some evidence that early treatment with metformin is associated with reduced cardiovascular morbidity and total mortality in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients (4). However, the data come from a small subgroup of a much larger trial. In contrast, despite multiple trials of intensive glucose control using a variety of glucose-lowering strategies, there is a paucity of data to support specific advantages with other agents on cardiovascular outcomes (5–7). In the original UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), 342 overweight patients with newly diagnosed diabetes were randomly assigned to metformin therapy (8). After a median period of 10 years, this subgroup experienced a 39% ( P = 0.010) risk reduction for myocardial infarction and a …

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2337/dc10-2361

Cites

57 of 57 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 58 references

1 of the 58 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2010, The Management of Type 2 Diabetes: 2010 NICE Guidelines [Internet]
  2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2008, Guidance for Industry Diabetes Mellitus: Evaluating Cardiovascular Risk in New Antidiabetic Therapies to Treat Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 401–429 of 429

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Lipska, K. J., Bailey, C. J., & Inzucchi, S. E.
Affiliations
  • Yale University (US)
  • Aston University (GB)
Corresponding author
Inzucchi, Silvio E.
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes Care
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
2011-05-20
Volume
34
Issue
6
Pages
1431-1437
ISSN
  • 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-5548
DOI
10.2337/dc10-2361
PMC
PMC3114336
OpenAlex
W2154719797
Cited by
432
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 42
FWCI
6.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords
metformin, renal failure, type 2 diabetes, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, metformin discontinuation, cardiovascular outcomes, glycemic control, UK Prospective Diabetes Study
MeSH terms
Contraindications, Acidosis, Lactic, Creatinine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Metformin, Myocardial Infarction, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Renal Insufficiency

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review