Cited by 599Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsPancreatic function and diabetesGenetic Associations and Epidemiology

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Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Response

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Kodama, Keiichi, Tojjar, Damon, Yamada, Satoru, Toda, Kyoko, Patel, Chirag J., Butte, Atul J.·2013·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dc12-1235PMC PMC3661854

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Human blood glucose levels have likely evolved toward their current point of stability over hundreds of thousands of years. The robust population stability of this trait is called canalization. It has been represented by a hyperbolic function of two variables: insulin sensitivity and insulin response. Environmental changes due to global migration may have pushed some human subpopulations to different points of stability. We hypothesized that there may be ethnic differences in the optimal states in the relationship between insulin sensitivity and insulin response. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We identified studies that measured the insulin sensitivity index (SI) and acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) in three major ethnic groups: Africans, Caucasians, and East Asians. We identified 74 study cohorts comprising 3,813 individuals (19 African cohorts, 31 Caucasian, and 24 East Asian). We calculated the hyperbolic relationship using the mean values of SI and AIRg in the healthy cohorts with normal glucose tolerance. RESULTS: We found that Caucasian subpopulations were located around the middle point of the hyperbola, while African and East Asian subpopulations are located around unstable extreme points, where a small change in one variable is associated with a large nonlinear change in the other variable. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the genetic background of Africans and East Asians makes them more and differentially susceptible to diabetes than Caucasians. This ethnic stratification could be implicated in the different natural courses of diabetes onset.

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Method
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Authors: Kodama, K., Tojjar, D., Yamada, S., Toda, K., Patel, C. J., & Butte, A. J.
Affiliations: Lucile Packard Children's Hospital (US)
Lund University (SE)
Kitasato Institute Hospital (JP)
Corresponding author: Kodama, Keiichi
Butte, Atul J.
ORCID: Kodama, Keiichi
Yamada, Satoru
Toda, Kyoko
Patel, Chirag J.
Butte, Atul J.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2013-05-15
Volume: 36
Issue: 6
Pages: 1789-1796
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1235
PMC: PMC3661854
OpenAlex: W2067663978
Semantic Scholar: 49e57510095279c6a41076455ff3e7a2ae6f8146
Cited by: 599
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 2
FWCI: 4.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ (vor, 3027 d)
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. National Library of Medicine (R01LM009719, T15LM007033)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Keywords: insulin sensitivity, insulin response, ethnic differences, canalization, hyperbolic relationship, acute insulin response to glucose, insulin sensitivity index, diabetes susceptibility, African populations, East Asian populations, Caucasian population, glucose tolerance, genetic background
MeSH terms: Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Black People, White People, Asian People

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Ethnic Differences in the Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Response

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