Use of adjuvant pharmacotherapy in type 1 diabetes: international comparison of 49,996 individuals in the prospective diabetes follow-up and T1D exchange registries
Open accessAbstract
The majority of those with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have suboptimal glycemic control (1–4); therefore, use of adjunctive pharmacotherapy to improve control has been of clinical interest. While noninsulin medications approved for type 2 diabetes have been reported in T1D research and clinical practice (5), little is known about their frequency of use. The T1D Exchange (T1DX) registry in the U.S. and the Prospective Diabetes Follow-up (DPV) registry in Germany and Austria are two large consortia of diabetes centers; thus, they provide a rich data set to address this question. For the analysis, 49,996 pediatric and adult patients with diabetes duration ≥1 year and a registry update from 1 April 2015 to 1 July 2016 were included (19,298 individuals from 73 T1DX sites and 30,698 individuals from 354 DPV sites). Adjuvant medication use (metformin, glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1] receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 [DPP-4] inhibitors, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 [SGLT2] inhibitors, and other noninsulin diabetes medications including pramlintide) was extracted from …
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Off-label use of metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors in type 1 diabetes is less than 5% of patients.
“metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have also been used of-label; however, fewer than 5% of patients use these medications.85”
From Type 1 diabetes (2018) · cites this paper as [85]
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References 5 · Cited by 51
- Authors
- Lyons, S. K., Hermann, J. M., Miller, K. M., Hofer, S. E., Foster, N. C., Rami-Merhar, B. M., Aleppo, G., Seufert, J., DiMeglio, L. A., Danne, T., Maahs, D. M., & Holl, R. W.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- Jaeb Center for Health Research (US)
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Northwestern University (US)
- University Medical Center Freiburg (DE)
- Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
- Kinderkrankenhaus auf der Bult (DE)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Miller, Kellee M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2017-08-02
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e139-e140
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC6463738
- OpenAlex
- W2739921378
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 5.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK116074)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, adjuvant pharmacotherapy, glycemic control, metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, pramlintide, cross-national comparison
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