Comparison of the FreeStyle Libre Pro flash continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system and point-of-care capillary glucose testing in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes treated with basal-bolus insulin regimen
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: We compared the performance of the FreeStyle Libre Pro continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and point-of-care capillary glucose testing (POC) among insulin-treated hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective study in adult patients with T2D admitted to general medicine and surgery wards. Patients were monitored with POC before meals and bedtime and with CGM during the hospital stay. Study end points included differences between POC and CGM in mean daily blood glucose (BG), hypoglycemia <70 and <54 mg/dL, and nocturnal hypoglycemia. We also calculated the mean absolute relative difference (MARD), ±15%/15 mg/dL, ±20%/20 mg/dL, and ±30%/30 mg/dL and error grid analysis between matched glucose pairs. RESULTS: Mean daily glucose was significantly higher by POC (188.9 ± 37.3 vs. 176.1 ± 46.9 mg/dL) with an estimated mean difference of 12.8 mg/dL (95% CI 8.3–17.2 mg/dL), and proportions of patients with glucose readings <70 mg/dL (14% vs. 56%) and <54 mg/dL (4.1% vs. 36%) detected by POC BG were significantly lower compared with CGM (all P < 0.001). Nocturnal and prolonged CGM hypoglycemia <54 mg/dL were 26% and 12%, respectively. The overall MARD was 14.8%, ranging between 11.4% and 16.7% for glucose values between 70 and 250 mg/dL and higher for 51–69 mg/dL (MARD 28.0%). The percentages of glucose readings within ±15%/15 mg/dL, ±20%/20 mg/dL, and ±30%/30 mg/dL were 62%, 76%, and 91%, respectively. Error grid analysis showed 98.8% of glucose pairs within zones A and B. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with POC, FreeStyle Libre CGM showed lower mean daily glucose and higher detection of hypoglycemic events, particularly nocturnal and prolonged hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients with T2D. CGM’s accuracy was lower in the hypoglycemic range.
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Up to 40% to 50% of patients admitted with stress-related hyperglycemia have confirmed DM at 1 year.
“Because up to 40% to 50% of persons admitted with stress-related hyperglycemia have confirmed DM at 1 year they should be closely monitored after discharge.1378,1379”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [1378]
The Study Design and Results > Population sections describe hospitalized patients who already had type 2 diabetes, not patients followed after stress-related hyperglycemia. Searches for one-year diabetes confirmation and the 40%–50% figure found no passage addressing that claim; the paper’s percentages concern inpatient glucose measurements and hypoglycemia. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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References 33 · Cited by 181
- Authors
- Galindo, R. J., Migdal, A. L., Davis, G. M., Urrutia, M. A., Albury, B., Zambrano, C., Vellanki, P., Pasquel, F. J., Fayfman, M., Peng, L., & Umpierrez, G. E.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Umpierrez, Guillermo E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2020-07-08
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2730-2735
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC7809713
- OpenAlex
- W3042208359
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 17.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Sanofi
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- continuous glucose monitoring, FreeStyle Libre Pro, type 2 diabetes, multiple daily insulin injections, hospitalized patients, hypoglycemia detection, nocturnal hypoglycemia, mean absolute relative difference, error grid analysis, blood glucose monitoring, glycemic control, emergency department admission
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