Continuous glucose monitoring and use of alternative markers to assess glycemia in chronic kidney disease
Open accessAbstract
Objective In chronic kidney disease, glycated albumin and fructosamine have been postulated to be better biomarkers of glycemic control than HbA 1c . We evaluated the accuracy, variability, and covariate bias of three biomarkers (HbA 1c , glycated albumin, and fructosamine) compared with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived measurement of glycemia across estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in type 2 diabetes. Research design and methods A prospective cohort study was conducted of 104 participants with type 2 diabetes, 80 with eGFR 2 (not treated with dialysis) and 24 frequency-matched control subjects with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Participants wore a blinded CGM for two 6-day periods separated by 2 weeks, with blood and urine collected at the end of each CGM period. HbA 1c , glycated albumin, and fructosamine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatographic, enzymatic, and colorimetric nitroblue tetrazolium methods, respectively. Results Within-person biomarker values were strongly correlated between the two CGM periods ( r = 0.92-0.95), although no marker fully captured the within-person variability of mean CGM glucose. All markers were similarly correlated with mean CGM glucose ( r = 0.71-77). Compared with mean CGM glucose, glycated albumin and fructosamine were significantly biased by age, BMI, serum iron concentration, transferrin saturation, and albuminuria; HbA 1c was underestimated in those with albuminuria. Conclusions Glycated albumin and fr…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
HbA1c remains the glycemic biomarker of choice in advanced CKD because glycated albumin and fructosamine provide no advantages over HbA1c and have clinically relevant assay biases to low and high levels, respectively, with hypoalbuminemia.
“However, HbA1c remains the glycemic biomarker of choice in advanced CKD because glycated albumin and fructosamine provide no advantages over HbA1c and have clinically relevant assay biases to the low and high levels, respectively, with hypoalbuminemia, a common condition among patients with proteinuria, malnutrition, or treated by peritoneal dialysis. 228”
From KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [228]
Cites
A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity
White, H. (1980) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1912934 · Cited by 25,861 · see citing works
Estimating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C
Inker, L. A., Schmid, C. H., Tighiouart, H., Eckfeldt, J. H., Feldman, H. I., Greene, T., Kusek, J. W., Manzi, J., Van Lente, F., Zhang, Y. L., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1114248 · Cited by 4,102 · see citing works
Correction of anemia with epoetin alfa in chronic kidney disease
Singh, A. K., Szczech, L., Tang, K. L., Barnhart, H., Sapp, S., Wolfson, M., & Reddan, D. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa065485 · Cited by 2,762 · see citing works
Fisher, R. A. (1915) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/10.4.507 · Cited by 2,159 · see citing works
A trial of darbepoetin alfa in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Pfeffer, M. A., Burdmann, E. A., Chen, C.-Y., Cooper, M. E., de Zeeuw, D., Eckardt, K.-U., Feyzi, J. M., Ivanovich, P., Kewalramani, R., Levey, A. S., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0907845 · Cited by 2,096 · see citing works
Normalization of Hemoglobin Level in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Anemia
Drüeke, T. B., Locatelli, F., Clyne, N., Eckardt, K., Macdougall, I. C., Tsakiris, D., Burger, H.-U., & Scherhag, A. W. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa062276 · Cited by 2,094 · see citing works
International consensus on use of continuous glucose monitoring
Danne, T., Nimri, R., Battelino, T., Bergenstal, R. M., Close, K. L., DeVries, J. H., Garg, S., Heinemann, L., Hirsch, I., Amiel, S. A., et al. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-1600 · Cited by 2,069 · see citing works
Self-citationBesarab, A., Bolton, W. K., Browne, J. K., Egrie, J. C., Nissenson, A. R., Okamoto, D. M., Schwab, S. J., & Goodkin, D. A. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199808273390903 · Cited by 1,930 · see citing works
Fisher, R. A. (1915) · Biometrika · doi:10.2307/2331838 · Cited by 1,334 · see citing works
Clinical manifestations of kidney disease among US adults with diabetes, 1988-2014
Afkarian, M., Zelnick, L. R., Hall, Y. N., Heagerty, P. J., Tuttle, K., Weiss, N. S., & de Boer, I. H. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.10924 · Cited by 1,026 · see citing works
Self-citationLevitt, D., & Levitt, M. (2016) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s102819 · Cited by 763 · see citing works
Glucose management indicator (GMI): a new term for estimating A1C from continuous glucose monitoring
Bergenstal, R. M., Beck, R. W., Close, K. L., Grunberger, G., Sacks, D. B., Kowalski, A., Brown, A. S., Heinemann, L., Aleppo, G., Ryan, D. B., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-1581 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
Unrecognized Anemia in Patients With Diabetes
Thomas, M. C., MacIsaac, R. J., Tsalamandris, C., Power, D. A., & Jerums, G. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.4.1164 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Comparison of glycated albumin and hemoglobin A1c levels in diabetic subjects on hemodialysis
Peacock, T. P., Shihabi, Z. K., Bleyer, A. J., Dolbare, E. L., Byers, J. R., Knovich, M. A., Calles-Escandon, J., Russell, G. B., & Freedman, B. I. (2008) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2008.25 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Bergenstal, R. M., Gal, R. L., Connor, C. G., Gubitosi-Klug, R., Kruger, D., Olson, B. A., Willi, S. M., Aleppo, G., Weinstock, R. S., Wood, J., et al. (2017) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m16-2596 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Selvin, E., Rawlings, A. M., Grams, M., Klein, R., Sharrett, A. R., Steffes, M., & Coresh, J. (2014) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70199-2 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
English, E., IDRIS, I. R., Smith, G., Dhatariya, K., Kilpatrick, E. S., & John, W. G. (2015) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3599-3 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Danese, E., Montagnana, M., Nouvenne, A., & Lippi, G. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296814567227 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Welsh, K. J., Kirkman, M. S., & Sacks, D. B. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-2727 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Effects of iron deficiency anemia on hemoglobin A1c in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Tarim, O., Kucukerdogan, A., Gunay, U., Eralp, O., & Ercan, I. (1999) · Pediatrics International · doi:10.1046/j.1442-200x.1999.t01-1-01083.x · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Effects of iron deficiency anemia on hemoglobin A1c in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Tarım, Ö., Kucukerdogan, A., Günay, Ü., Eralp, Ö., & Ercan, I. (1999) · Pediatrics International · doi:10.1046/j.1442-200x.1999.01083.x · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Fructosamine and glycated albumin and the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and death
Selvin, E., Rawlings, A. M., Lutsey, P. L., Maruthur, N., Pankow, J. S., Steffes, M., & Coresh, J. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.015415 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Isotope investigations of red cell production and destruction in chronic renal disease.
Joske, R. A., McAlister, J. M., & Prankerd, T. A. J. (1956) · PubMed · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Metabolic heterogeneity of human γ-globulin
Cohen, S., & FREEMAN, T. (1960) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0760475 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Nakao, T., Matsumoto, H., OKADA, T., Han, M., Hidaka, H., Yoshino, M., Shino, T., Yamada, C., & Nagaoka, Y. (1998) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.37.826 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Freedman, B. I., Shenoy, R. N., Planer, J. A., Clay, K. D., Shihabi, Z. K., Burkart, J. M., Cardona, C. Y., Andries, L., Peacock, T. P., Sabio, H., et al. (2010) · Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis · doi:10.3747/pdi.2008.00243 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Vos, F. E., Schollum, J. B. W., Coulter, C. V., Manning, P. J., Duffull, S. B., & Walker, R. J. (2011) · Nephrology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01517.x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Albumin synthesis, albuminuria and hyperlipemia in nephrotic patients
Kaysen, G. A., Gambertoglio, J. G., Felts, J. M., & Hutchison, F. N. (1987) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1987.151 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Relationship between assays of glycemia in diabetic subjects with advanced chronic kidney disease
Freedman, B. I., Shihabi, Z. K., Andries, L., Cardona, C. Y., Peacock, T. P., Byers, J. R., Russell, G. B., Stratta, R. J., & Bleyer, A. J. (2010) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000287561 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Zendjabil, M. (2019) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.007 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Selvin, E., Warren, B., He, X., Sacks, D. B., & Saenger, A. K. (2018) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2017.285742 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Glycated albumin in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease
Zheng, C., Ma, W.-Y., Wu, C., & Lu, K. (2012) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2012.04.025 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
High Glycated Albumin and Mortality in Persons with Diabetes Mellitus on Hemodialysis
Chen, C., Drechsler, C., Suntharalingam, P., Karumanchi, S. A., Wanner, C., & Berg, A. H. (2016) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2016.258319 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Chen, H.-S., Wu, T.-E., Lin, H.-D., Jap, T., Hsiao, L., Lee, S.-H., & Lin, S. (2010) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.10.064 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Hypoglycemia in People with Type 2 Diabetes and CKD
Ahmad, I., Zelnick, L. R., Batacchi, Z. O., Robinson, N., Dighe, A. L., Manski-Nankervis, J.-A. E., Furler, J., O'Neal, D. N., Little, R. R., Trence, D., et al. (2019) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.11650918 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, S., Chen, Y.-C., Tsai, I.-C., Yen, C., Chueh, S.-N., Chuang, H.-F., Wu, H., Chiang, C., Cheng, H., Hung, K., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057762 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Jung, M., Warren, B., Grams, M., Kwong, Y. D., Shafi, T., Coresh, J., Rebholz, C. M., & Selvin, E. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12618 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Hayashi, A., Takano, K., Masaki, T., Yoshino, S., Ogawa, A., & Shichiri, M. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.08.015 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Carson, A. P., Muntner, P., Selvin, E., Carnethon, M. R., Li, X., Gross, M. D., Garvey, W. T., & Lewis, C. E. (2016) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000213 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ding, N., Kwak, L., Ballew, S. H., Jaar, B. G., Hoogeveen, R. C., Ballantyne, C. M., Sharrett, A. R., Folsom, A. R., HEISS, G. M., Salameh, M., et al. (2018) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.042 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Lo, C., Lui, M. L., Ranasinha, S., Teede, H. J., Kerr, P. G., Polkinghorne, K. R., Nathan, D. M., Zheng, H., & Zoungas, S. (2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2014.01.020 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Racial differences in and prognostic value of biomarkers of hyperglycemia
Parrinello, C. M., Sharrett, A. R., Maruthur, N. M., Bergenstal, R. M., Grams, M. E., Coresh, J., & Selvin, E. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-1360 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Rasche, F. M., Ebert, T., Beckmann, J., Busch, V., Barinka, F., Rasche, W., Lindner, T. H., Schneider, J. G., & Schiekofer, S. (2017) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-0042-124577 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease
Rossing, P., Caramori, M. L., Chan, J. C. N., Heerspink, H. J. L., Hurst, C., Khunti, K., Liew, A., Michos, E. D., Navaneethan, S. D., Olowu, W. A., et al. (2022) · Kidney International · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2022.06.008 · Cited by 1,373 · see citing works
de Boer, I. H., Caramori, M. L., Chan, J. C. N., Heerspink, H. J. L., Hurst, C., Khunti, K., Liew, A., Michos, E. D., Navaneethan, S. D., Olowu, W. A., et al. (2020) · Kidney International · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.06.024 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Machine Learning Techniques for Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Prediction
Dritsas, E., & Τρίγκα, Μ. (2022) · Big Data and Cognitive Computing · doi:10.3390/bdcc6030098 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Ling, J., Ng, J. K., Chan, J. C. N., & Chow, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.869899 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Hayashi, A., Shimizu, N., Suzuki, A., Matoba, K., Momozono, A., Masaki, T., Ogawa, A., Moriguchi, I., Takano, K., Kobayashi, N., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-0269 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Management of type 2 diabetes in chronic kidney disease
Triozzi, J. L., Gregg, L. P., Virani, S. S., & Navaneethan, S. D. (2021) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002300 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Assessment of glycemia in chronic kidney disease
Hassanein, M., & Shafi, T. (2022) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02316-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Consensus Report on the Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
Rhee, C. M., Gianchandani, R. Y., Kerr, D. E., Philis‐Tsimikas, A., Kovesdy, C. P., Stanton, R. C., Drincic, A., Galindo, R. J., Kalantar‐Zadeh, K., Neumiller, J. J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968241292041 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Optimize Management of Diabetes in Patients with Advanced CKD
Galindo, R. J., de Boer, I. H., Neumiller, J. J., & Tuttle, K. R. (2022) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.04510422 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Protein glycation in diabetes mellitus
Shin, A., Connolly, S. M., & Kabytaev, K. (2023) · Advances in clinical chemistry · doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2022.11.003 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Hissa, M. R. N., Hissa, P. N. G., Guimarães, S. B., & Hissa, M. N. (2021) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-021-00722-8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Evaluation of Serum Glucose and Kidney Disease Progression Among Patients With Diabetes
Jung, H. H. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27387 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Gavin, J. R., & Bailey, C. J. (2021) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2021.0211 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ling, J., Ng, J. K., Lau, E. S. H., Ronald, C. W., Kong, A. P. S., Luk, A. O. Y., Kwok, J. S.-S., Szeto, C., Chan, J. C. N., & Chow, E. (2022) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2022.03.029 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Within-Person and Between-Sensor Variability in Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics
Selvin, E., Wang, D., Rooney, M. R., Fang, M., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Zeger, S. L., Sartini, J., Tang, O., Coresh, J., Aurora, R. N., et al. (2022) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvac192 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Qu, W., Chen, Y., Ma, C., Peng, D., Bai, X., Zhao, J., Liu, S., & Luo, L. (2024) · Coatings · doi:10.3390/coatings14020173 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Hannah, K. L., Nemlekar, P. M., Johnson, M. L., Cherñavvsky, D. R., & Norman, G. J. (2024) · Kidney360 · doi:10.34067/kid.0000000000000396 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Liao, W., Chen, Y., Gao, Q., Gan, R.-R., Li, M., Liu, Z., Liang, J., Cui, H., Ren, K., Liu, Y., et al. (2023) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-023-02061-6 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Making sense of glucose sensors in end-stage kidney disease: A review
Williams, M. E., Steenkamp, D., & Wolpert, H. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare · doi:10.3389/fcdhc.2022.1025328 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Glycated Albumin Correlates With Time-in-Range Better Than HbA1c or Fructosamine
Desouza, C. V., Rosenstock, J., Kohzuma, T., & Fonseca, V. A. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad298 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Martens, T. W., Bergenstal, R. M., Pearson, T. L., Carlson, A. L., Scheiner, G., Carlos, C., Liao, B., Syring, K. E., & Pollom, R. D. (2020) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2020.1851946 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lee, S., Lee, S., Kim, K. M., & Shin, J. H. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1145470 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ling, J., Ng, J. K., Lau, E. S. H., Luk, A. O. Y., Ronald, C. W., Vigersky, R. A., Li, P. K., Chan, J. C. N., Szeto, C., & Chow, E. (2023) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2023.0349 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Carson, J. P., & Arora, J. K. (2023) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110654 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hoshino, J., Abe, M., Hamano, T., Hasegawa, T., Wada, A., Nakai, S., Hanafusa, N., Masakane, I., & Nitta, K. (2022) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfac297 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Application and management of continuous glucose monitoring in diabetic kidney disease
Zhang, X., & Shen, Q. (2024) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v15.i4.591 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lu, Y., Zhang, Q., Wang, X., Jiang, Y., & Xue, Y. (2023) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108613 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wang, C., Liang, S., Zhang, J. U. N. Y. A. N., Lang, Q., Huang, X., Liu, L. L., Liu, J., Yi, Y., Tian, L., & Yu, X. (2026) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-026-03100-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ha, M.-T., Dao, T.-T., & Nguyen, T.-A. (2024) · Endocrine and Metabolic Science · doi:10.1016/j.endmts.2024.100175 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Diabetes Management and Outcomes among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Attending a Renal Service
Skalkos, E., Rajagopal, R., & Simmons, D. S. (2023) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2023/1969145 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Need to Pair Molecular Monitoring Devices with Molecular Imaging to Personalize Health
Comeau, Z. J., Lessard, B. H., & Shuhendler, A. J. (2022) · Molecular Imaging and Biology · doi:10.1007/s11307-022-01714-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Translating Carbamylation Biology into Precision Medicine for Kidney Disease
Awwad, A., Tang, M., & Kalim, S. (2026) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.0000001061 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Recommended procedures for diabetic kidney disease 2021
Pelikánová, T., Viklický, O., Rychlík, I., Saudek, F., Tesař, V., Haluzı́k, M., Kvapil, M., Racek, J., & Zima, T. (2021) · Klinická biochemie a metabolismus · doi:10.61568/kbm.2021.016 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Primary care diabetes assessment when HbA1c and other measures of glycemia disagree
Friedman, J. G., Smith, E. P., Awasty, S. S., Behan, M., Genco, M. T., Hempel, H. C., Jafri, S., Jandarov, R., Nagaraj, T., Franco, R. S., et al. (2024) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2023.12.005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Su, H., Ni, J., Peng, D., He, X., Lu, W. D., Zhu, W. M., Wang, Y., Ma, X., Lu, J., & Zhou, J. (2025) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-025-04268-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lu, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, Q., & Xue, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries · doi:10.1007/s13410-023-01305-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Glycaemic Monitoring in Diabetic Kidney Disease – Is HbA1c Reliable?
Isa, S. B., Hami, R. B., JA, A. N. J. N., Noordin, S. S., & Ismail, T. S. T. (2021) · Journal of Health Science and Medical Research · doi:10.31584/jhsmr.2021831 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Putting it All Together: Practical Approach to the Patient with Diabetic Kidney Disease
Eng, E., & Quaggin, S. E. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86020-2_29 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
García, A. F., Arboleya, Z. C., & Venta, R. (2022) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2022.05.014 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tuấn, H. M., Dao, T. T., & Nguyễn, A. T. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1903409/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Predicting the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease Using Machine LearningPreprint
Xu, X. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4636627 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Diabetic nephropathy: Clinical presentation, course, and novel treatment possibilities
Ležaić, V. (2022) · Opšta medicina · doi:10.5937/opmed29-36873
García, A. F., Arboleya, Z. C., & Venta, R. (2023) · Medicina Clínica (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.medcle.2022.05.030
Editorial: Technologies for diabetes
Salzano, G., Tinti, D., Cardona‐Hernandez, R., & Delvecchio, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1198029
Tur, K., & Güçlü, K. (2025) · Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.30934/kusbed.1653929
Liao, W., Chen, Y., Gao, Q., Gan, R., Li, M., Liu, Z., Liang, J., Cui, H., Ren, K., Liu, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26650488
Liao, W., Chen, Y., Gao, Q., Gan, R., Li, M., Liu, Z., Liang, J., Cui, H., Ren, K., Liu, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26650503
Liao, W., Chen, Y., Gao, Q., Gan, R., Li, M., Liu, Z., Liang, J., Cui, H., Ren, K., Liu, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26650491
Liao, W., Chen, Y., Gao, Q., Gan, R., Li, M., Liu, Z., Liang, J., Cui, H., Ren, K., Liu, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26650500
Liao, W., Chen, Y., Gao, Q., Gan, R., Li, M., Liu, Z., Liang, J., Cui, H., Ren, K., Liu, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26650494
Liao, W., Chen, Y., Gao, Q., Gan, R., Li, M., Liu, Z., Liang, J., Cui, H., Ren, K., Liu, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26650497
Coșovanu, E. O., Szilagyi, A., Szilágyi, A., Coșovanu, E. T., Corneanu, L. E., Sîngeap, M. S., Tamba, B.-I., Hriţcu, L., & Petriș, O. R. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15093194
Graňák, K., Vnučák, M., Kleinová, P., Blichová, T., Kollár, A., Ševčíková, K., Pytliaková, M., & Dedinská, I. (2026) · Kidney and Dialysis · doi:10.3390/kidneydial6030052
Cuevas‐Budhart, M. Á., Gómez-Rosas, K., Saavedra-Fernández, R. D., Ávila, M., Campos, E. I., Ferreira‐Hermosillo, A., Ramos, A., Cavero‐Redondo, I., & Paniagua, R. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15166137
Saeed, U., Uppal, M. R., Uppal, R., & Piracha, Z. Z. (2026) · Future Virology · doi:10.1080/17460794.2026.2716503
- Authors
- Zelnick, L. R., Batacchi, Z. O., Ahmad, I., Dighe, A., Little, R. R., Trence, D. L., Hirsch, I. B., & de Boer, I. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Summit Medical Group (United States) (US)
- Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- University of Missouri (US)
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Corresponding author
- Zelnick, Leila R.
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2020-08-11
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2379-2387
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC7510019
- OpenAlex
- W3048686460
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 6.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association (#4-15-CKD-20)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01-DK-088762, R01-087726, T32-DK-007247)
- Puget Sound Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- Northwest Kidney Centers
- Medtronic
- Abbott Laboratories
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
- Keywords
- chronic kidney disease, glycemic control, glycated albumin, fructosamine, HbA1c, continuous glucose monitoring, type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, glycemic variability, albuminuria, glycemic markers
- MeSH terms
- Glycated Serum Albumin, Aged, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Serum Albumin, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Case-Control Studies, Glycation End Products, Advanced, Fructosamine, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
