The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Association of Maternal Folate and Vitamin B12 in Early Pregnancy With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of folate and vitamin B12 in early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The data of this study were from a subcohort within the Shanghai Preconception Cohort Study. We included pregnancies with red blood cell (RBC) folate and vitamin B12 measurements at recruitment (between 9 and 13 gestational weeks) and those with three samples available for glucose measurements under an oral glucose tolerance test. GDM was diagnosed between 24 and 28 weeks’ gestation. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI of having GDM was used to quantify the association. RESULTS: A total of 1,058 pregnant women were included, and GDM occurred in 180 (17.01%). RBC folate and vitamin B12 were significantly higher in pregnancies with GDM than those without GDM (P values were 0.045 and 0.002, respectively) and positively correlated with 1-h and 2-h serum glucose. Daily folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy increases the risk of GDM; OR (95% CI) was 1.73 (1.19–2.53) (P = 0.004). Compared with RBC folate <400 ng/mL, pregnancies with RBC folate ≥600 ng/mL were associated with ∼1.60-fold higher odds of GDM; the adjusted OR (95% CI) was 1.58 (1.03–2.41) (P = 0.033). A significant trend of risk effect on GDM risk across categories of RBC folate was observed (Ptrend = 0.021). Vitamin B12 was significantly associated with GDM risk (OR 1.14 per 100 pg/mL; P = 0.002). No significant association of serum folate and percentile ratio of RBC folate/vitamin B12 with GDM was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Higher maternal RBC folate and vitamin B12 levels in early pregnancy are significantly associated with GDM risk, while the balance of folate/vitamin B12 is not significantly associated with GDM.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Chen et al. reported that higher vitamin B12 levels at 9 to 13 weeks’ gestation were associated with a ~1.14-fold risk of GDM [145].”
From Medical Nutrition Therapy for Women with Gestational Diabetes: Current Practice and Future Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [145]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Women with higher red blood cell folate ≥ 600 ng/mL at 9 to 13 weeks’ gestation were associated with ∼1.60-fold the odds of developing GDM (aOR 1.58 (95% CI 1.03–2.41); p = 0.033) compared with women who had RBC folate levels < 400 ng/mL [145].”
From Medical Nutrition Therapy for Women with Gestational Diabetes: Current Practice and Future Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [145]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-1848 · Cited by 5,390
Metzger, B. E., Gabbe, S. G., Persson, B., Lowe, L. P., Dyer, A. R., Oats, J. J. N., & Buchanan, T. A. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-0719 · Cited by 1,888
Folate and DNA Methylation: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and the Evidence for Folate's Role
Crider, K. S., Yang, T. P., Berry, R. J., & Bailey, L. B. (2012) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.111.000992 · Cited by 1,055
Global estimates of the prevalence of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy
Guariguata, L., Linnenkamp, U., Beagley, J., Whiting, D. R., & Cho, N. H. (2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.003 · Cited by 664
Gestational diabetes: the need for a common ground
Reece, E. A., Leguizamón, G. F., & Wiznitzer, A. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60515-8 · Cited by 599
Physiologic and pharmacokinetic changes in pregnancy
Costantine, M. M. (2014) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2014.00065 · Cited by 538
Significance of elevated cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels in blood
Ermens, A. A. M., Vlasveld, L. T., & Lindemans, J. W. (2003) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2003.08.004 · Cited by 246
Low plasma vitamin B12 in pregnancy is associated with gestational ‘diabesity’ and later diabetes
Krishnaveni, G. V., Hill, J. C., Veena, S. R., Bhat, D., Wills, A. K., Karat, C., Yajnik, C. S., & Fall, C. H. D. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1499-0 · Cited by 227
Vitamin B12 Intake From Animal Foods, Biomarkers, and Health Aspects
Obeid, R., Heil, S. G., Verhoeven, M. M. A., van den Heuvel, E. G. H. M., de Groot, C. P. G. M., & Eussen, S. J. P. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2019.00093 · Cited by 226
Folate status of the population in the Canadian Health Measures Survey
Colapinto, C. K., O’Connor, D. L., & Tremblay, M. S. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.100568 · Cited by 175
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Saravanan, P., Sukumar, N., Adaikalakoteswari, A., Goljan, I., Venkataraman, H., Gopinath, A., Bagias, C., Yajnik, C. S., Stallard, N., Ghebremichael-Weldeselassie, Y., et al. (2021) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-021-05510-7 · Cited by 91
Uncovering the Hidden Dangers and Molecular Mechanisms of Excess Folate: A Narrative Review
Fardous, A. M., & Heydari, A. R. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15214699 · Cited by 95
Wang, S., Wang, Y., Wan, X. H., Guo, J., Zhang, Y., Tian, M., Fang, S., & Yu, B. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-1674 · Cited by 70
Self-citationHigh Folate, Perturbed One-Carbon Metabolism and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Williamson, J. M., Arthurs, A. L., Smith, M. D., Roberts, C. T., & Jankovic-Karasoulos, T. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14193930 · Cited by 56
Yuan, X., Han, X., Zhou, W., Long, W., Wang, H., Yu, B., & Zhang, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.947118 · Cited by 41
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, H., Jiang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, D., Li, M., Dou, Y., Sun, X., Huang, G., & Yan, W.
- Affiliations
- Fudan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Guoying
- Yan, Weili
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2020-11-06
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 217-223
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- PMC
- PMC7783943
- OpenAlex
- W3096767488
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 10.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFC1000500)
- CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2019-I2M-5-001)
- Three-year Action Plan for Strengthening the Construction of Public Health System in Shanghai (GWIV-24)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal folate, vitamin B12, red blood cell folate, early pregnancy, folic acid supplementation, serum glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, preconception cohort
- MeSH terms
- China, Female, Folic Acid, Humans, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Vitamin B 12, Vitamins, Cohort Studies, Diabetes, Gestational
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
