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Cited by 181Pancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes Treatment and ManagementDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

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Increased β-Cell Secretory Capacity as Mechanism for Islet Adaptation to Nicotinic Acid-Induced Insulin Resistance

Kahn, Steven E, Beard, James C, Schwartz, Michael W, Ward, W Kenneth, Ding, Han Lun, Bergman, Richard N, Taborsky, Gerald J, Porte, Daniel·1989·Diabetes
DOI 10.2337/diab.38.5.562
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Abstract

To determine whether prolonged nicotinic acid (NA) administration produces insulin resistance and, if so, how the normal pancreatic islet adapts to prolonged insulin resistance, we administered incremental doses of NA to 11 normal men for 2 wk, ending at 2 g/day. Insulin sensitivity was measured with Bergman's minimal model. Islet function was evaluated by measurement of acute insulin (AIR) and glucagon (AGR) responses to arginine at three glucose levels. Insulin resistance was demonstrated and quantified by a marked drop in the insulin sensitivity index (S1) from 6.72 ± 0.77 to 2.47 ± 0.36 × 10−5 min−1/pM (P < .0001) and resulted in a doubling of basal immunoreactive insulin levels (from 75 ± 7 to 157 ± 21 pM, P < .001) with no change in fasting glucose (5.5 ± 0.1 vs. 5.7 ± 0.1 mM). Proinsulin levels also increased (from 9 ± 1 to 15 ± 2 pM, P < .005), but the ratio of proinsulin to immunoreactive insulin did not change (12.7 ± 1.9 vs. 10.3 ± 1.9%). β-Cell changes were characterized by increases in the AIR to glucose (from 548 ± 157 to 829 ± 157 pM, P < .005) and in the AIR to arginine at the fasting glucose level (from 431 ± 54 to 788 ± 164 pM, P < .05). At the maximal hyperglycemia level the AIR to arginine represents β-cell secretory capacity, and this increased with administration of NA (from 2062 ± 267 to 2630 ± 363 pM, P < .05). From the AIRs to arginine an estimate of the glucose level giving half-maximal AIR to arginine can be calculated. This measure did not increase (10.0 ± 0.5 vs. 9.6 ± 0.9 mM). The AGRs to argininewere reduced at all glucose levels during NA administration. Thus, the pancreatic islet adapts to the prolonged insulin resistance induced by NA. This adaptation comprises a combination of increased insulin secretion and reduced glucagon secretion. The changes in insulin secretion can be entirely explained by an increase in the secretory capacity of the β-cell.

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Metadata

Authors
Kahn, S. E., Beard, J. C., Schwartz, M. W., Ward, W. K., Ding, H. L., Bergman, R. N., Taborsky, G. J., & Porte, D.
Affiliations
University of Southern California (US)
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
1989-05-01
Volume
38
Issue
5
Pages
562-568
ISSN
  • 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-327X
DOI
10.2337/diab.38.5.562
OpenAlex
W1979102029
Cited by
181
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
FWCI
8.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Diabetes (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 12829, DK-17047)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
nicotinic acid, insulin resistance, acute insulin response, arginine stimulation, proinsulin, insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, Bergman minimal model, islet function
MeSH terms
Adult, Blood Glucose, Epinephrine, Glucagon, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Injections, Intravenous, Insulin Resistance, Islets of Langerhans, Male, Nicotinic Acids, Norepinephrine

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