The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in advanced type 2 diabetes.
Open accessAbstract
We tested the hypotheses that the glucagon response to hypoglycemia is reduced in patients who are approaching the insulin-deficient end of the spectrum of type 2 diabetes and that recent antecedent hypoglycemia shifts the glycemic thresholds for autonomic (including adrenomedullary epinephrine) and symptomatic responses to hypoglycemia to lower plasma glucose concentrations in type 2 diabetes. Hyperinsulinemic stepped hypoglycemic clamps (85, 75, 65, 55, and 45 mg/dl steps) were performed on two consecutive days, with an additional 2 h of hypoglycemia (50 mg/dl) in the afternoon of the first day, in 13 patients with type 2 diabetes—7 treated with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA RX; mean [±SD] HbA1c 8.6 ± 1.1%) and 6 requiring therapy with insulin for an average of 5 years and with reduced C-peptide levels (insulin RX, HbA1c 7.5 ± 0.7%)—and 15 nondiabetic control subjects. The glucagon response to hypoglycemia was virtually absent (P = 0.0252) in the insulin-deficient type 2 diabetic patients (insulin RX mean [±SE] final values of 52 ± 16 vs. 93 ± 15 pg/ml in control subjects and 98 ± 16 pg/ml in type 2 diabetic patients, OHA RX on day 1). Glucagon (P = 0.0015), epinephrine (P = 0.0002), and norepinephrine (P = 0.0138) responses and neurogenic (P = 0.0149) and neuroglycopenic (P = 0.0015) symptom responses to hypoglycemia were reduced on day 2 after hypoglycemia on day 1 in type 2 diabetic patients; these responses were not eliminated, but their glycemic thresholds were shifted to lower plasma glucose concentrations. In addition, the glycemic thresholds for these responses were at higher-than-normal plasma glucose concentrations (P = 0.0082, 0.0028, 0.0023, and 0.0182, respectively) at baseline (day 1) in OHA RX type 2 diabetic patients, with relatively poorly controlled diabetes. Because the glucagon response to falling plasma glucose levels is virtually absent and the glycemic thresholds for autonomic and symptomatic responses to hypoglycemia are shifted to lower glucose concentrations by recent antecedent hypoglycemia, patients with advanced type 2 diabetes, like those with type 1 diabetes, are at risk for hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure and the resultant vicious cycle of recurrent iatrogenic hypoglycemia.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Thus, as patients approach the insulin-deficient end of the spectrum of T2DM (118), typically over many years, their insulin and glucagon responses to falling glucose levels are lost (90), as in T1DM.”
From Evaluation and Management of Adult Hypoglycemic Disorders: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2009) · cites this paper as [90]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“With the prolonged duration of type 2 diabetes as is often seen in the elderly patient, the glucagon response to hypoglycemia is virtually absent (55).”
From Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society (2013) · cites this paper as [55]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, their glycemic thresholds for sympathoadrenal responses are shifted to lower plasma glucose concentrations by recent antecedent hypoglycemia (90), as in T1DM.”
From Evaluation and Management of Adult Hypoglycemic Disorders: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2009) · cites this paper as [90]
In the citing paper
“The relevance of basing a biochemical definition for hypoglycaemia on the glycaemic threshold for secretion of glucagon can also be disputed, as this becomes deficient at an early stage of type 1 diabetes [12] and in type 2 diabetes when pancreatic beta cell failure is present [13].”
From Defining hypoglycaemia: what level has clinical relevance? (2009) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“diabetes as is often seen in the elderly patient, the glucagon response to hypoglycemia is virtually absent (55).”
From Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: A Report of a Workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society (2013) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“The glucagon response to hypoglycemia was intact in the tablettreated patients and in the nondiabetic control subjects but was almost absent in the insulin-deficient patients (Fig. 4), demonstrating the presence of acquired counterregulatory abnormalities in association with insulin deficiency.”
From Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes (2005) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“Thus, antecedent hypoglycemia can modify the glycemic thresholds for responses to hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes and may promote HAAF (53).”
From Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes (2005) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“The natural history of α-cell “blindness” is less clear in T2D but is thought to mirror the progression of endogenous insulin deficiency, which is much slower in T2D than T1D ( Segel et al., 2002 ; Zammitt and Frier, 2005 ).”
From Pharmacologic inhibition of somatostatin receptor 2 to restore glucagon counterregulation in diabetes (2024) · cites this paper as Segel et al., 2002
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199309303291401 · Cited by 24,667
U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study Group (1995) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.44.11.1249 · Cited by 1,923
Turner, R., Stratton, I., Horton, V., Manley, S., Zimmet, P., Mackay, I. R., Shattock, M., Bottazzo, G. F., & Holman, R. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)03062-6 · Cited by 779
Gerich, J. E., Langlois, M., Noacco, C., Karam, J. H., & Forsham, P. H. (1973) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.182.4108.171 · Cited by 688
Determination of Free and Total Insulin and C-Peptide in Insulin-treated Diabetics
Kuzuya, H., BLIX, P. M., Horwitz, D. L., Steiner, D. F., & Rubenstein, A. H. (1977) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.26.1.22 · Cited by 603
Heller, S. R., & Cryer, P. E. (1991) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.40.2.223 · Cited by 531
Self-citationDagogo-Jack, S. E., Craft, S., & Cryer, P. E. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116302 · Cited by 471
Self-citationBolli, G., Feo, P. D., Compagnucci, P., Cartechini, M. G., Angeletti, G., Santeusanio, F., Brunetti, P., & Gerich, J. E. (1983) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.32.2.134 · Cited by 433
Restoration of hypoglycaemia awareness in patients with long-duration insulin-dependent diabetes.
Cranston, I., Lomas, J., Amiel, S. A., Maran, A., & Macdonald, I. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91336-6 · Cited by 430
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1)
Thakker, R. V., Newey, P. J., Walls, G. V., Bilezikian, J. P., Dralle, H., Ebeling, P. R., Melmed, S. K., Sakurai, A., Tonelli, F., & Brandi, M. L. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1230 · Cited by 1,500
Seaquist, E. R., Anderson, J., Childs, B., Cryer, P., Dagogo-Jack, S., Fish, L., Heller, S. R., Rodriguez, H., Rosenzweig, J., & Vigersky, R. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2480 · Cited by 1,389
“diabetes as is often seen in the elderly patient, the glucagon response to hypoglycemia is virtually absent (55).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCryer, P. E., Axelrod, L., Grossman, A. B., Heller, S. R., Montori, V. M., Seaquist, E. R., & Service, F. J. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1410 · Cited by 1,277
Self-citationManagement Guidelines for Children with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Francis, G. L., Waguespack, S. G., Bauer, A. J., Angelos, P., Benvenga, S., Cerutti, J. M., Dinauer, C., Hamilton, J. K., HAY, I. D., Luster, M., et al. (2015) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0460 · Cited by 1,273
Defining and Reporting Hypoglycemia in Diabetes
American Diabetes Association Workgroup on Hypoglycemia (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1245 · Cited by 1,146
Cryer, P. E., Davis, S. N., & Shamoon, H. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.6.1902 · Cited by 1,160
Self-citationHypoglycaemia: the limiting factor in the glycaemic management of type I and type II diabetes.
Cryer, P. (2002) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-002-0822-9 · Cited by 794
Self-citationThe barrier of hypoglycemia in diabetes
Cryer, P. E. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-1084 · Cited by 725
Self-citationDonnelly, L. A., Morris, A. D., Frier, B. M., Ellis, J. D., Donnan, P. T., Durrant, R., Band, M. M., Reekie, G., & Leese, G. P. (2005) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01501.x · Cited by 511
Hypoglycaemia in Type 2 diabetes
Amiel, S. A., Dixon, T., Mann, R., & Jameson, K. (2008) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02341.x · Cited by 472
Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes
Zammitt, N. N., & Frier, B. M. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.12.2948 · Cited by 435
Mechanisms of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes
Cryer, P. E. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1215228 · Cited by 433
Self-citationDiverse causes of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes.
Cryer, P. E. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra031354 · Cited by 411
Self-citationSeaquist, E. R., Anderson, J., Childs, B., Cryer, P., Dagogo-Jack, S., Fish, L., Heller, S. R., Rodriguez, H., Rosenzweig, J., & Vigersky, R. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-4127 · Cited by 412
Self-citationChow, E., Bernjak, A., Williams, S., Fawdry, R. A., Hibbert, S., Freeman, J., Sheridan, P. J., & Heller, S. R. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-0468 · Cited by 403
Mechanisms of Hypoglycemia-Associated Autonomic Failure and Its Component Syndromes in Diabetes
Cryer, P. E. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.12.3592 · Cited by 406
Self-citationJoshi, G. P., Chung, F. F., Vann, M. A., Ahmad, S., Gan, T. J., Goulson, D. T., Merrill, D. G., & Twersky, R. S. (2010) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181f9c288 · Cited by 299
Khunti, K., Alsifri, S., Aronson, R., Cigrovski Berković, M., Enters‐Weijnen, C., Forsén, T., Galstyan, G., Geelhoed‐Duijvestijn, P., Goldfracht, M., Gydesen, H., et al. (2016) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12689 · Cited by 276
Minireview: Glucagon in the Pathogenesis of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia in Diabetes
Cryer, P. E. (2012) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2011-1499 · Cited by 242
Self-citationChico, A., Vidal-Ríos, P., Subirà, M., & Novials, A. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.4.1153 · Cited by 235
Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes
McCrimmon, R. J., & Sherwin, R. S. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0103 · Cited by 225
König, M., Bulik, S., & Holzhütter, H.-G. (2012) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002577 · Cited by 202
Hypoglycemia: Still The Limiting Factor in the Glycemic Management of Diabetes
Cryer, P. E. (2008) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.14.6.750 · Cited by 184
Self-citationSleep-Related Hypoglycemia-Associated Autonomic Failure in Type 1 Diabetes
Banarer, S., & Cryer, P. E. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.5.1195 · Cited by 186
Self-citationDiabetes, insulin-mediated glucose metabolism and Sertoli/blood-testis barrier function
Alves, M. G., Martins, A. D., Cavaco, J. E. B., Socorro, S., & Oliveira, P. F. (2013) · Tissue Barriers · doi:10.4161/tisb.23992 · Cited by 182
Insulin therapy and hypoglycemia
McCall, A. L. (2012) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2012.03.001 · Cited by 177
Hypoglycemia in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Physiology, Pathophysiology,and Management
Briscoe, V. J., & Davis, S. N. (2006) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diaclin.24.3.115 · Cited by 177
Neuroendocrine responses to hypoglycemia
Tesfaye, N., & Seaquist, E. R. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05820.x · Cited by 164
Hypoglycaemia in Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Chelliah, A., & Burge, M. R. (2004) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-200421080-00003 · Cited by 166
Cryer, P. E. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0448-4 · Cited by 161
Self-citationRaju, B., & Cryer, P. E. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.3.757 · Cited by 155
Self-citationWright, A. D., Cull, C. A., Macleod, K. M., & Holman, R. R. (2006) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.08.010 · Cited by 153
Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes
Cryer, P. E. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.2001.281.6.e1115 · Cited by 152
Self-citationHypoglycemia as a barrier to glycemic control
Davis, S. N., & Alonso, M. D. (2004) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/s1056-8727(03)00058-8 · Cited by 143
Postprandial Suppression of Glucagon Secretion Depends on Intact Pulsatile Insulin Secretion
Meier, J. J., Kjems, L. L., Veldhuis, J. D., Lefèbvre, P., & Butler, P. C. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.55.04.06.db05-1449 · Cited by 144
Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia: a review
Graveling, A. J., & Frier, B. M. (2010) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(10)70470-5 · Cited by 145
van Dijk, J., MANDERS, R. J. F., Tummers, K., Bonomi, A. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Hartgens, F., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2011) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2380-5 · Cited by 148
Akram, K., Pedersen‐Bjergaard, U., Carstensen, B., Borch‐Johnsen, K., & Thorsteinsson, B. (2006) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01880.x · Cited by 128
Prediction of Severe Hypoglycemia
Cox, D. J., Gonder-Frederick, L., Ritterband, L., Clarke, W., & Kovatchev, B. P. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1386 · Cited by 129
DeRosa, M. A., & Cryer, P. E. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00539.2003 · Cited by 126
Self-citationBramlage, P., Gitt, A. K., Binz, C., Krekler, M., Deeg, E., & Tschöpe, D. (2012) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-11-122 · Cited by 122
The A1C and ABCD of glycaemia management in type 2 diabetes: a physician's personalized approach
Pozzilli, P., Leslie, R. D., Chan, J. C. N., Fronzo, R. D., Monnier, L., Raz, I., & Prato, S. D. (2010) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.1092 · Cited by 115
Exercise-related hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus
Younk, L. M., Mikeladze, M., Tate, D., & Davis, S. N. (2011) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1586/eem.10.78 · Cited by 114
Hope, K. M., Tran, P. O. T., Zhou, H., Oseid, E. A., Leroy, E., & Robertson, R. P. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.6.1488 · Cited by 112
Subcutaneous insulin: pharmacokinetic variability and glycemic variability
Guerci, B., & Sauvanet, J.-P. (2005) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(05)88263-1 · Cited by 109
Riddle, M. C. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.960138 · Cited by 109
Chan, O. T. M., Cheng, H. M., Herzog, R. I., Czyzyk, D. J., Zhu, W., Wang, A., McCrimmon, R. J., Seashore, M. R., & Sherwin, R. S. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-1559 · Cited by 107
Hypoglycemia in patient with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin: it can happen
Heller, S. R., Peyrot, M. F., Oates, S. K., & Taylor, A. D. (2020) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001194 · Cited by 108
Zhou, H., Tran, P. O. T., Yang, S., Zhang, T., LeRoy, E., Oseid, E. A., & Robertson, R. P. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.6.1482 · Cited by 99
Mechanisms of sympathoadrenal failure and hypoglycemia in diabetes
Cryer, P. E. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci28735 · Cited by 102
Self-citationPre-morbid glycemic control modifies the interaction between acute hypoglycemia and mortality
Egi, M., Krinsley, J. S., Maurer, P., Amin, D., Kanazawa, T., Ghandi, S., Morita, K., Bailey, M., & Bellomo, R. (2016) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-016-4216-8 · Cited by 102
Taborsky, G. J. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681000400607 · Cited by 96
Attenuation of Counterregulatory Responses to Recurrent Hypoglycemia by Active Thalamic Inhibition
Arbelaez, A. M., Powers, W. J., Videen, T. O., Price, J. L., & Cryer, P. E. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-1329 · Cited by 92
Self-citationNocturnal Hypoglycemia: Clinical Manifestations and Therapeutic Strategies Toward Prevention
Allen, K. V., & Frier, B. M. (2003) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.9.6.530 · Cited by 93
Glucagon and Glucagon-Like Peptide Receptors as Drug Targets
Estall, J. L., & Drucker, D. J. (2006) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161206776873671 · Cited by 88
Glucose-regulated Glucagon Secretion Requires Insulin Receptor Expression in Pancreatic α-Cells
Diao, J., Shyr, Z. A., Chan, C. B., & Wheeler, M. B. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m506276200 · Cited by 87
Insulin therapy and hypoglycaemia: the size of the problem
Fanelli, C. G., Porcellati, F., Pampanelli, S., & Bolli, G. B. (2004) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.514 · Cited by 77
Impact of Hypoglycemia on Brain Metabolism During Diabetes
Rehni, A. K., & Dave, K. R. (2018) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-018-1044-6 · Cited by 82
Key considerations around the risks and consequences of hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes
Barnett, A. H., Cradock, S., Fisher, M., Hall, G., Hughes, E., & Middleton, A. (2010) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02332.x · Cited by 77
The clinical impact of inpatient hypoglycemia
Brutsaert, E. F., Carey, M., & Zonszein, J. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.03.002 · Cited by 76
Akram, K., Pedersen‐Bjergaard, U., Borch‐Johnsen, K., & Thorsteinsson, B. (2006) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.08.005 · Cited by 74
Davis, S. N., Mann, S., Briscoe, V. J., Ertl, A. C., & Tate, D. B. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-1230 · Cited by 74
Defining hypoglycaemia: what level has clinical relevance?
Frier, B. M. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-008-1209-3 · Cited by 71
Update in the CNS Response to Hypoglycemia
McCrimmon, R. J. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-1927 · Cited by 72
The risks of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in insulin-treated diabetes
Graveling, A. J., & Frier, B. M. (2017) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.08.012 · Cited by 75
The stepwise approach to the management of type 2 diabetes
Warren, R. E. (2004) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2004.07.002 · Cited by 70
McGregor, V. P., Banarer, S., & Cryer, P. E. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00447.2001 · Cited by 66
Self-citationHypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes
Cryer, P. E. (2013) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53491-0.00023-7 · Cited by 69
Self-citationKarimian, N., Qin, T., Liang, T., Osundiji, M., Huang, Y., Teich, T., Riddell, M. C., Cattral, M. S., Coy, D. H., Vranic, M., et al. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-0164 · Cited by 66
Pedersen, M. G., Ahlstedt, I., El Hachmane, M. F., & Göpel, S. O. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep31214 · Cited by 64
The physiology and pathophysiology of the neural control of the counterregulatory response
Beall, C., Ashford, M. L., & McCrimmon, R. J. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00531.2011 · Cited by 63
Tschöpe, D., Bramlage, P., Binz, C., Krekler, M., Deeg, E., & Gitt, A. K. (2012) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/1472-6823-12-23 · Cited by 64
Pancreatic α-Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes: Old Kids on the Block
Moon, J. S., & Won, K. C. (2015) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2015.39.1.1 · Cited by 61
Loss of mTORC1 signaling alters pancreatic α cell mass and impairs glucagon secretion
Bozadjieva-Kramer, N., Blandino-Rosano, M., Chase, J., Dai, X., Cummings, K., Gimeno, J., Dean, E. D., Powers, A. C., Gittes, G. K., Rüegg, M. A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci90004 · Cited by 60
Pathophysiology and management of recurrent hypoglycaemia and hypoglycaemia unawareness in diabetes.
de Galan, B. E., Schouwenberg, B. J. J. W., Tack, C. J., & Smits, P. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 61
Role of the Decrement in Intraislet Insulin for the Glucagon Response to Hypoglycemia in Humans
Gosmanov, N. R., Szoke, E., Israelian, Z., Smith, T., Cryer, P. E., Gerich, J. E., & Meyer, C. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.5.1124 · Cited by 60
Self-citationGlucagon in artificial pancreas systems: Potential benefits and safety profile of future chronic use
Taleb, N., Haidar, A., Messier, V., Gingras, V., Legault, L., & RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R. (2016) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12789 · Cited by 59
Edelman, S. V., Bode, B. W., Bailey, T. S., Kipnes, M. S., Brunelle, R. L., Chen, X., & Frías, J. P. (2010) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0034 · Cited by 58
Iqbal, A., & Heller, S. R. (2016) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2016.06.004 · Cited by 60
Hypoglycaemia in elderly diabetic patients
Lassmann-Vague, V. (2005) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(05)73651-x · Cited by 56
Impaired hypoglycaemia awareness in type 1 diabetes: Lessons from the lab
McNeilly, A. D., & McCrimmon, R. J. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4548-8 · Cited by 55
Hypoglycaemia in Type 2 diabetes
Heller, S. R. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.09.026 · Cited by 55
Prevention of Hypoglycemia While Achieving Good Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes
Rossetti, P., Porcellati, F., Bolli, G. B., & Fanelli, C. G. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-s227 · Cited by 55
Garber, A. J., Clauson, P., Pedersen, C. B., & Kølendorf, K. (2007) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01414.x · Cited by 53
Defective Counterregulation and Hypoglycemia Unawareness in Diabetes
Reno, C. M., Litvin, M., Clark, A. L., & Fisher, S. J. (2012) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2012.11.005 · Cited by 56
Hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes
Banarer, S., & Cryer, P. E. (2004) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2004.04.003 · Cited by 51
Self-citationTreating type 1 diabetes: from strategies for insulin delivery to dual hormonal control.
McCall, A. L., & Farhy, L. S. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 51
Hypoglycemia From a Cardiologist's Perspective
Sanon, V. P., Sanon, S., Kanakia, R., Hu, Y., Araj, F., OLIVEROS, R. A., & CHILTON, R. J. (2014) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.22288 · Cited by 52
Exposure to hypoglycemia and risk of stroke
Smith, L., Chakraborty, D., Bhattacharya, P., Sarmah, D., Koch, S., & Dave, K. R. (2018) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13872 · Cited by 58
Mini‐review: Glucagon responses in type 1 diabetes – a matter of complexity
Bengtsen, M. B., & Møller, N. (2021) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.15009 · Cited by 53
Hypoglycemia in diabetes: pathophysiological mechanisms and diurnal variation
Cryer, P. E. (2006) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(06)53021-3 · Cited by 51
Self-citationRenal Compensation for Impaired Hepatic Glucose Release During Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes
Woerle, H. J., Meyer, C., Popa, E. M., Cryer, P. E., & Gerich, J. E. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.6.1386 · Cited by 54
Self-citationInsulin analog therapy: improving the match with physiologic insulin secretion.
Freeman, J. S. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 49
Economic impact of hypoglycemia on healthcare in Spain
Brito-Sanfiel, M. Á., Diago, J. I., & Calderón, A. (2010) · Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research · doi:10.1586/erp.10.73 · Cited by 48
Kalantar‐Zadeh, K., Uppot, R. N., & Lewandrowski, K. B. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcpc1208154 · Cited by 48
Melmer, A., & Laimer, M. W. (2016) · Endocrine development · doi:10.1159/000439364 · Cited by 53
Impact of Diabetes in Blood-Testis and Blood-Brain Barriers: Resemblances and Differences
Alves, M. G., Oliveira, P. F., Socorro, S., & Moreira, P. I. (2012) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/157339912803529896 · Cited by 48
Dungan, K. M., Merrill, J., Long, C., & Binkley, P. F. (2019) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-019-0967-1 · Cited by 48
Hypoglycemia in stable, insulin-treated veterans with type 2 diabetes
Murata, G. H., Duckworth, W. C., Shah, J. H., Wendel, C. S., Mohler, M. J., & Hoffman, R. M. (2005) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2004.02.001 · Cited by 48
Hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a critical review
Murata, G. H., Duckworth, W. C., Hoffman, R. M., Wendel, C. S., Mohler, M. J., & Shah, J. H. (2004) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2004.09.001 · Cited by 44
Metadata
- Authors
- Segel, S. A., Paramore, D. S., & Cryer, P. E.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2002-03-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 724-733
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- OpenAlex
- W2169041612
- Semantic Scholar
- e27fce60297b1def45cb9f8bc74a2f09363a73ad
- Cited by
- 337
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 8.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Diabetes Association
- National Institutes of Health (5p60dk020579-35)
- U.S. Public Health Service (P60-DK-20579)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P60-DK20579, R01-DK-27085, T32 DK07120, R01DK027085, T32DK007120)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR00036, M01RR000036)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure, type 2 diabetes, insulin deficiency, epinephrine response, norepinephrine response, neuroglycopenic symptoms, glycemic thresholds, hypoglycemic clamp, oral antidiabetic drugs, insulin therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Autonomic Nervous System, Blood Glucose, C-Peptide, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Epinephrine, Female, Glucagon, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Insulin, Kinetics, Male, Middle Aged, Norepinephrine, Glucose Clamp Technique
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
