Cited by 223Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

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Multiple Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated With Lower Heart Rate Variability: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Liao, Duanping, Sloan, Richard P, Cascio, Wayne E, Folsom, Aaron R, Liese, Angela D, Evans, Gregory W, Cai, Jianwen, Sharrett, A Richey·1998·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/diacare.21.12.2116

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To test at the population level whether people with multiple metabolic syndrome (MMS) disorders have reduced cardiac autonomic activity (CAA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined the association between the level of CAA and MMS disorders, at the degree of clustering and the segregate combination levels, using a random sample of 2,359 men and women aged 45–64 years from the biracial, population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (AR1C) Study. Supine resting 2-min beat-to-beat heart rate data were collected. High-frequency (HF) (0.15–0.35 Hz) and low-frequency (LF) (0.025–0.15 Hz) spectral powers, the ratio of LF to HF, and the SD of all normal R-R intervals (SDNN) were used as the conventional indices of heart rate variability (HRV) to measure CAA. The MMS disorders included hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. RESULTS: HRV indices were significantly lower in individuals with MMS disorders. The multivariable adjusted mean HF was 0.85 (beat/min)2 in subjects with all three MMS disorders, in contrast to 1.31 beat/min)2 in subjects without any MMS disorder. At the segregated combination level, the multivariable adjusted means ± SEM of HF were 1.34 ± 0.05, 1.16 ± 0.05, 1.01 ± 0.17, and 1.34 ± 0.05 (beat/min)2, respectively, for subjects without any MMS disorder, with hypertension only, with diabetes only, and with dyslipidemia only, and the means ± SEM of HF were 0.93 ± 0.04,0.70 ± 0.15, and 1.20 ± 0.05 eat/min)2, respectively, for subjects with diabetes and hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, and hypertension and dyslipidemia. An increase in fasting insulin of 1 SD was associated with 88% higher odds of having a lower HF The pattern of associations was similar for LF and SDNN. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that MMS disorders adversely affect cardiac autonomic control and a reduced cardiac autonomic control may contribute to the increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular events in individuals who exhibit MMS disorders.

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Items 101–200 of 223

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Guzmán, J. E. O., Mollà‐Casanova, S., Serra‐Añó, P., Arias-Mutis, O. J., Calvo, C. J., Bizy, A., Alberola, A. M., Chorro, F. J., & Zarzoso, M. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12186051 · Cited by 31
“The MA showed that SDNN is decreased in patients with MS, which was previously described by most studies [10,18,32,34,36,37], thus clearly altering cardiac autonomic control in patients with MS.”
Result
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“…are largely in line with literature linking basal autonomic dysregulation to MetS (Brunner et al., 2002; Grassi et al., 2015, 2005; Koskinen et al., 2009; Liao et al., 1998; Min et al., 2008; Stein et al., 2007; Vrijkotte et al., 2015) and MetS components (Kimura et al., 2006; Ljung et al., 2000).”
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The Cardiometabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease
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“Three of the studies [2,3,7] used SDRR on differently long recordings.”
Method
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Vasconcellos, F. V. D. A., Seabra, A., Montenegro, R. A., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0034-1398654 · Cited by 20
Cardiac Iodine-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) Scintigraphy Parameter Predicts Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Without Structural Heart Disease
Yufu, K., Takahashi, N., Okada, N., et al. (2011) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-11-0905 · Cited by 19
Homocysteine levels are associated with hippocampus volume in type 2 diabetic patients
Shimomura, T., Anan, F., Masaki, T., Umeno, Y., Eshima, N., Saikawa, T., Yoshimatsu, H., Fujiki, M., & Kobayashi, H. (2011) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02464.x · Cited by 19
Impaired baroreflex sensitivity and cardiac autonomic functions are associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors among patients with metabolic syndrome in a tertiary care teaching hospital of South-India.
Endukuru, C., Gaur, G., Yerrabelli, D., Sahoo, J., & Vairappan, B. (2020) · Diabetes & metabolic syndrome · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.018 · Cited by 18
Association between plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and insulin resistance and white matter lesions in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients
Anan, F., Masaki, T., Kikuchi, H., Iwao, T., Shimomura, T., Umeno, Y., Eshima, N., Saikawa, T., & Yoshimatsu, H. (2009) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.017 · Cited by 19
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Short‐Period Heart Rate Variability in the General Population as Compared to Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction from the Same Source Population
Kuch, B., Parvanov, T., Hense, H. W., Axmann, J., & Bolte, H. D. (2004) · Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology · doi:10.1111/j.1542-474x.2004.92523.x · Cited by 18
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“HRV indices were lower in individuals with multiple components of metabolic syndrome, and HRV decreased as the number of individual metabolic components achieving criterion values increased [36].”
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Eller, N. H., Malmberg, B., & Bruhn, P. J. (2006) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm1303_3 · Cited by 16
“HRV has several times been shown to be negatively correlated to increased risk of illness and death (Dekker et al., 2000; Liao et al., 2002; Liao et al., 1998).”
Background
Deterioration of Heart Rate Recovery Index in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Degertekin, M. M. (2014) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.890741 · Cited by 16
“The components of metabolic syndrome perform sympathetic activation [11], and several studies have demonstrated the association between metabolic syndrome and decreased heart rate variability [12,13].”
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Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 is associated with silent cerebral infarction in patients on haemodialysis
Uchida, E., Anan, F., Masaki, T., Kaneda, K., Nawata, T., Eshima, N., Saikawa, T., & Yoshimatsu, H. (2011) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2011.02538.x · Cited by 15
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“Low HRV is indicated as a predictor for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (Dekker et al. 2000; Liao et al. 1998; Licht et al. 2013; Thayer and Lane 2007; Tsuji et al. 1996; Wulsin et al. 2016).”
BackgroundMethodResult
Visceral Fat Accumulation Is Associated with Asthma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Murakami, D., Anan, F., Masaki, T., Umeno, Y., Shigenaga, T., Eshima, N., & Nakagawa, T. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2019/3129286 · Cited by 13
“Dyslipidemia was defined as a fasting triglyceride level of ≥200 mg/dl or HDL-C concentration of <45 mg/dl for women and <35 mg/dl for men [18].”
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Hyperhomocysteinaemia is a significant risk factor for white matter lesions in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients
Shimomura, T., Anan, F., Umeno, Y., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02062.x · Cited by 15
“Essential hypertension was defined as diastolic blood pressure ‡90 mmHg, systolic blood pressure ‡140 mmHg, or self-reported use of antihypertensive medication [14].”
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Etiology of the Metabolic Syndrome
Fan, A. Z. (2007) · Current Cardiology Reviews · doi:10.2174/157340307782418389 · Cited by 14
Correlations of visceral fat accumulation and atherosclerosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
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“In fact, we considered it particularly important to include age, body mass index (BMI), and drug misuse in our study because they are relevant to HRV and other cardiorespiratory variables (Benichou et al., 2018; Khoo et al., 2000; Liao et al., 1998; Vasconcelos & Junqueira, 2012; Vitoria-Estruch et al., 2018).”
Background
Abdominal visceral fat accumulation is associated with the results of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy in type 2 diabetic patients
Anan, F., Masaki, T., Yonemochi, H., Takahashi, N., Nakagawa, M., Eshima, N., Saikawa, T., & Yoshimatsu, H. (2007) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-007-0421-6 · Cited by 14
“Consistent with the present results, a previous study demonstrated that cardiac diastolic dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and insulin resistance [19].”
Influential
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John, A. P., Udupa, K., Avangapur, S., Sujan, M. U., Inbaraj, G., Vasuki, P. P., Mahadevan, A., Anilkumar, R., Shekar, M. A., & Sathyaprabha, T. N. (2022) · PubMed Central · Cited by 13
Correlations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and atherosclerosis in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients
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Which is responsible for cardiac autonomic dysfunction in non-diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome: Prediabetes or the syndrome itself?
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Vaccarino, V., Kondwani, K., Kelley, M. E., Murrah, N. V., Boyd, L., Ahmed, Y. A., Meng, Y. X., Gibbons, G. H., Hooper, W. C., Staercke, C. D., et al. (2013) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31829ac4f4 · Cited by 12
“Several, if not all, of the metabolic syndrome risk factors,(53-55) as well as visceral fat and insulin resistance,(56,57) have been linked to adrenocortical and autonomic disturbances.”
Background
Interleukin-6 as an Independent Predictor of Future Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes without Structural Heart Disease
Shinohara, T. (2012) · Journal of Clinical & Experimental Cardiology · doi:10.4172/2155-9880.1000209 · Cited by 10
“Essential hypertension was defined as diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≥90 mmHg, systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or self-reported use of anti-hypertensive medication [10].”
Background
The Effect of Circuit Training on Resting Heart Rate Variability, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Physical Fitness in Healthy Untrained Adults
Vrachimis, A., Hadjicharalambous, M., & Tyler, C. J. (2016) · Health · doi:10.4236/health.2016.82017 · Cited by 11
“One non-invasive clinical predictor of CVD morbidity and mortality is heart rate variability (HRV) [2]-[4].”
Background
Co-Existence of hypertension worsens post-exercise cardiac autonomic recovery in type 2 diabetes
Verma, S., Bhati, P., Ahmad, I., Masroor, S., Ali, K., Singla, D., & Hussain, M. E. (2018) · Indian Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2018.06.007 · Cited by 11
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Chamarthi, B., Vinik, A. I., Ezrokhi, M., & Cincotta, A. H. (2019) · Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1002/edm2.101 · Cited by 10
Role of interleukin-6 levels in cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients
Shinohara, T., Takahashi, N., Yufu, K., Anan, F., Kakuma, T., Hara, M., Nakagawa, M., Saikawa, T., & Yoshimatsu, H. (2008) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-008-0809-y · Cited by 11
Prediction of hypotension in spinal anesthesia
Park, S.-S. (2013) · Korean Journal of Anesthesiology · doi:10.4097/kjae.2013.65.4.291 · Cited by 11
“[9] showed lower HRV, including the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components, in patients with hypertension, excluding the LF/HF ratio.”
Background
Does the ability to express different emotions predict different indices of physical health? A skill‐based study of physical symptoms and heart rate variability
Tuck, N. L., Adams, K. S., & Consedine, N. S. (2017) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12242 · Cited by 11
“…identified as a risk factor for poorer health outcomes, including immune dysfunction, inflammation (Lampert et al., 2008), the metabolic syndrome (Liao et al., 1998; Stein et al., 2007), ischaemic heart disease heart failure (Dekker et al., 2000), and diabetes (for reviews, see Kemp & Quintana,…”
Background
Parasympathetic activity as a potential biomarker of negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia
Huang, W., Liu, W., Chen, T., Chen, W., & Huang, W. (2020) · Asia-Pacific Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/appy.12392 · Cited by 10
Lipoprotein (a) as a risk factor for silent cerebral infarction in hemodialysis patients
Fukunaga, N., Anan, F., Kaneda, K., et al. (2008) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.033 · Cited by 10
Parasympathetic Response Patterns are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Among Older Women but Not Men
Gentile, C., Ditto, B., Deschamps, A., & D’Antono, B. (2018) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kay063 · Cited by 10
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Hung, W., Yu, T., Wu, C., Lee, T., Tsai, I., Hsuan, C., Chen, C., Chung, F., Lee, Y., & Tang, W.-H. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1165621 · Cited by 9
“found that metabolic syndrome was associated with lower HRV (65).”
Background
Wearable heart rate variability and atrial fibrillation monitoring to improve clinically relevant endpoints in cardiac surgery—a systematic review
Zillner, L., Andreas, M., & Mach, M. (2024) · mHealth · doi:10.21037/mhealth-23-19 · Cited by 15
Homocysteine levels are associated with the results of 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy in type 2 diabetic patients
Anan, F., Yonemochi, H., Masaki, T., Takahashi, N., Nakagawa, M., Eshima, N., Saikawa, T., & Yoshimatsu, H. (2006) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-006-0200-9 · Cited by 9
“Cardiac diastolic dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and insulin resistance [15].”
Background
Association of the Metabolic Syndrome with Age-Related, Nonatherosclerotic, Chronic Medical Conditions
Barzilay, J. I., & Stein, P. K. (2011) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2011.0027 · Cited by 9
“In the ARIC Study, 63 multiple components of the metabolic syndrome were associated with low HRV.”
Factors Associated with Reduced Heart Rate Variability in the General Japanese Population: The Iwaki Cross-Sectional Research Study
Tsubokawa, M., Nishimura, M., Tamada, Y., & Nakaji, S. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10050793 · Cited by 9
“Therefore, the prevention of high TG and blood pressure in addition to high blood glucose levels may be important, as metabolic syndrome is reportedly associated with HRV reduction in both Western and Japanese populations [45,46].”
Background
Cardiac autonomic activity in depression and anxiety: Heartfelt afflictions of the mind
Hu, X. (2019) · Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) · Cited by 9
HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN METABOLIC SYNDROME
Raimundo, R. D., & Godleski, J. J. (2015) · Journal of Human Growth and Development · doi:10.7322/jhgd.96757 · Cited by 8
Smoking is associated with urinary albumin excretion: an evaluation of premenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Anan, F., Masaki, T., Takahashi, N., Nakagawa, M., Yonemochi, H., Eshima, N., Saikawa, T., & Yoshimatsu, H. (2007) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2006.10.001 · Cited by 8
The role of homocysteine as a significant risk factor for white matter lesions in Japanese women with rheumatoid arthritis
Anan, F., Masaki, T., Tatsukawa, H., et al. (2008) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2008.08.008 · Cited by 8
Interplay of heart rate variability and resting heart rate on mortality in type 2 diabetes
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Lee, S. H., Lee, D. H., Ha, D. H., & Oh, Y. J. (2015) · BMC Anesthesiology · doi:10.1186/s12871-015-0125-6 · Cited by 7
“Second, patients who were taking β-blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [32, 33], which can affect the autonomic nervous system, were excluded from this study; however, HRV depression by hypertension itself, including the LF and HF components, may have influenced our resu…”
Background
24-h residual urine volume at hemodialysis initiation: A possible predictor for acute ischemic stroke incurrence in hemodialyis patients
Chen, Y., Liu, H., Zou, J., et al. (2012) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.06.028 · Cited by 7
Acute Physical Effort Increases Sympathovagal Balance Responses to Autonomic Stimulation in Metabolic Syndrome
Macagnan, F. E., Feóli, A. M. P., & Russomano, T. (2018) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2018.0065 · Cited by 7
Reliability of the heart rate variability threshold during treadmill exercise
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“Exclusion criteria included presence of metabolic, pulmonary or cardiovascular disease and regular use of medications that alter HRV (American College of Sports Medicine et al., 2021; Liao et al., 1998; Thayer et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Heart Rate Variability in Male Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: Cross-Sectional Study
Véber, O. Á., Lendvai, Z., Rónai, K. Z., Dunai, A., Zoller, R., Lindner, A. V., Turányi, C. Z., Szocs, J. L., Keresztes, K., Tabák, Á. G., et al. (2013) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2013.0111 · Cited by 7
Correlations of urinary albumin excretion and atherosclerosis in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients
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Combined Assessment of Baroreflex Sensitivity With Iodine 123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphic Findings Strengthens the Power of Predictive Value for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
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A Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca em Repouso está Independentemente Associada aos Escores de Classificação de Gordura Visceral em Homens Adultos Sauditas
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Interleukin-6 and silent cerebral infarction in hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study
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Hepatocyte growth factor is a significant risk factor for white matter lesions in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients
Anan, F., Masaki, T., Jikumaru, K., et al. (2010) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02301.x · Cited by 6
Review: The potential benefits of aldosterone antagonism in Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Davies, J. I., & Struthers, A. D. (2002) · Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System · doi:10.1177/14703203020030030301 · Cited by 6
Effect of 12 weeks aerobic exercise on obesity index, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease risk factors and exercise capacity in obese adolescent
강설중, & Jung, S.-L. (2010) · Exercise Science · doi:10.15857/ksep.2010.19.3.277 · Cited by 6
Body Mass Index May Influence Heart Rate Variability
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Intensive Glycemic Treatment Mitigates Cardiovascular and Mortality Risk Associated With Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes
Zhou, H., Huang, Y., Xie, P., Zhang, S., Liu, M., Xiong, Z., Huang, R., Xu, X., Li, M., Zhou, Z., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.124.035788 · Cited by 5
“34 As a result, CAN may represent a phenotype in which hyperglycemia is strongly associated with CVD and death, and subgroups with CAN would be helped by intensive glycemic control.”
Enhancement of cardiac autonomic nervous system activity by blood flow restriction in the human leg
Kiyohara, N., Kimura, T., Tanaka, T., & Moritani, T. (2006) · International Journal of KAATSU Training Research · doi:10.3806/ijktr.2.35 · Cited by 4
“Autonomic Nervous System Activity Measurement of the HRV integrates pre-synaptic and post-synaptic end-organ response and provides a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation of neuro-autonomic function under various physiological conditions and clinical settings (Davy et al. 1998; Hayano et al. 1990; Haya…”
Background
Indicators of the relationship between heart rate variability and levels of glycemia and cholesterol in vibration pathology
Yamshchikova, A. V., Fleishman, A. N., Gidayatova, M. O., et al. (2019) · Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology · doi:10.31089/1026-9428-2019-6-359-363 · Cited by 4
Electrocardiographic Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Aging Heart
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Self-citation
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Background
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Background
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Self-citation
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“HRV is reported to be related to age,(2) gender,(3,4) obesity,(5) hypertension,(6,7) diabetes,(8,9) and hyperlipidemia.(10,11) A decreased HRV reflects an imbalance of the autonomic system and is an important predictor for poor prognosis in patients with heart disease(12,13) and in the general population(14) and in a…”
Background
Associations Between Heart Rate Variability and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors
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RESPOSTAS DA FREQUÊNCIA CARDÍACA AO EXERCÍCIO RESISTIDO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A VARIABILIDADE DA FREQUÊNCIA CARDÍACA EM INDIVÍDUOS COM FATORES DE RISCO PARA DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES
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ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND COMPONENTS OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME IN WOMEN WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
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COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF AMIODARONE AND BISOPROLOL IN TREATMENT OF VENTRICULAR PREMATURE BEATS IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
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“…показана связь между МС и мерцанием предсердий, трепетанием предсердий, удлинением интервала QTc и увеличением дисперсии QTc, нарушением атриовентрикулярного проведения, дис-функцией синусового узла, снижением вариабельности ритма сердца, внезапной сердечной смертью [13, 14, 15, 16, 17].”
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FREQUENCY OF CARDIAC AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS PRESENTING TO KHYBER TEACHING HOSPITAL PESHAWAR
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Authors: Liao, D., Sloan, R. P., Cascio, W. E., Folsom, A. R., Liese, A. D., Evans, G. W., Cai, J., & Sharrett, A. R.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
University of Minnesota (US)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
University of Münster (DE)
Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
ORCID: Liao, Duanping
Sloan, Richard P
Cascio, Wayne E
Folsom, Aaron R
Liese, Angela D
Evans, Gregory W
Cai, Jianwen
Sharrett, A Richey
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 1998-12-01
Volume: 21
Issue: 12
Pages: 2116-2122
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.21.12.2116
OpenAlex: W1987379871
Cited by: 223
References: 0
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 1.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (n01hc55016-37-0-0, 5r01hl055669-04, n01hc55015-48-0-1)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC55016, N01‐HC‐55015, 5R01 HL 55669)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Keywords: heart rate variability, cardiac autonomic control, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, fasting insulin, spectral power, cardiovascular risk
MeSH terms: Arteriosclerosis, Blood Pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Hyperlipidemias, Hypertension, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Syndrome, United States, Cohort Studies

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Multiple Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated With Lower Heart Rate Variability: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

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