Cited by 321Liver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiet, Metabolism, and Disease

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Prospective Study of Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase and Risk of NIDDM

Perry, Ivan J, Wannamethee, S Goya, Shaper, A Gerald·1998·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/diacare.21.5.732

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels are raised in obese individuals, and a particularly strong association with central obesity has been described. We hypothesized that elevated GGT levels are a marker for visceral fat, and specifically for hepatic steatosis (fatty liver), and that hepatic steatosis leads to hepatic insulin resistance. To test this hypothesis, we examined the association between GGT levels and risk of NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We carried out a prospective cohort study of incident cases of doctor-diagnosed NIDDM in a group of 7,458 nondiabetic men (aged 40-59 years) followed for a mean of 12.8 years (range 11.5-13.0). The men were randomly selected from general practice lists in 24 British towns. Cases of NIDDM were ascertained by repeated postal questionnaires to the men and by regular systematic review of primary care records. RESULTS: A total of 194 men developed NIDDM during follow-up. Mean serum GGT at baseline (geometric mean [95% CI]) was significantly higher in the NIDDM patients than in the rest of the cohort (20.9 [19.3-22.6] vs. 15.3 U/l [15.0-15.6], P < 0.0001). There was a smooth, graded increase in the age-adjusted risk of NIDDM with increasing GGT levels, with a relative risk in the top fifth of the distribution of 6.8 (3.5-12.9) relative to the bottom fifth (trend P < 0.0001). This association was independent of serum glucose and BMI and of other predictors of NIDDM with which GGT is associated, including alcohol intake and physical activity level (adjusted upper to lower fifth relative risk: 4.8 [2.0-11.8], trend P < 0.0001]). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a raised serum GGT level is an independent risk factor for NIDDM. Serum GGT level may be a simple and reliable marker of visceral and hepatic fat and, by inference, of hepatic insulin resistance.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2337/diacare.21.5.732

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 321

Influence of uric acid and γ-glutamyltransferase on total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome
Simão, A. N. C., Dichi, J. B., Barbosa, D. S., Cecchini, R., & Dichi, I. (2008) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2008.03.021 · Cited by 63
Are there any sex differences in fatty liver? A study of glucose metabolism and body fat distribution
Lonardo, A., & Trande, P. (2000) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02226.x · Cited by 61
Polymorphisms of MRP2 (ABCC2) are associated with susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Sookoian, S. C., Castaño, G. O., Gianotti, T. F., Gemma, C., & Pirola, C. J. (2008) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.07.005 · Cited by 62
“On the contrary, we stratified and selected for biopsy those patients who showed a combination of abnormal liver function tests, which have been previously shown to be strongly associated with disease severity and its complications [28–30].”
Method
Antihyperglycemic effect of carvacrol in combination with rosiglitazone in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic C57BL/6J mice
Ezhumalai, M., Radhiga, T., & Pugalendi, K. V. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-013-1810-8 · Cited by 61
“[44] have reported that high level of hepatic enzyme, GGT, is associated with later development of diabetes.”
Background
Pregravid liver enzyme levels and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus during a subsequent pregnancy
Sridhar, S. B., Xu, F., Darbinian, J., Quesenberry, C. P., Ferrara, A., & Hedderson, M. M. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-2229 · Cited by 59
Treatment with metformin of non-diabetic men with hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia and central fat distribution: the BIGPRO 1.2 trial
Charles, M.-A. A., Eschw�ge, E., Grandmottet, P., Isnard, F., Cohen, J., Bensoussan, J.-L., Berche, H., Chapiro, O., Andr�, P., Vague, P., et al. (2000) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(200001/02)16:1 · Cited by 58
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Prevalence and all-cause mortality according to sedentary behaviour and cardiorespiratory fitness. The HUNT Study
Croci, I., Coombes, J. S., Sandbakk, S. B., Keating, S. E., Nauman, J., Macdonald, G. A., & Wisløff, U. (2019) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.01.005 · Cited by 62
Serum γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Is a Determinant of Insulin Resistance Independently of Adiposity in Pima Indian Children
Ortega, E., Koška, J., Salbe, A. D., Tataranni, P. A., & Bunt, J. C. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1783 · Cited by 58
Oxidative stress, and iron and antioxidant status in elderly men: differences between the Mediterranean south (Crete) and northern Europe (Zutphen)
Buijsse, B., Feskens, E. J. M., Moschandreas, J. A., Jansen, E. H. J. M., Jacobs, D. R., Kafatos, A., Kok, F. J., & Kromhout, D. (2007) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/hjr.0b013e3280111e41 · Cited by 55
γ-Glutamyltransferase predicts cardiovascular death among Japanese women
Hozawa, A., Okamura, T., Kadowaki, T., et al. (2006) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.08.058 · Cited by 56
Genetic variants in STAT3 are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Sookoian, S. C., Castaño, G. O., Gianotti, T. F., Gemma, C., Rosselli, M. S., & Pirola, C. J. (2008) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2008.08.001 · Cited by 54
Relationship of Liver Enzymes to Insulin Sensitivity and Intra-Abdominal Fat
Wallace, T. M., Utzschneider, K. M., Tong, J., Carr, D. B., Zraika, S., Bankson, D. D., Knopp, R. H., & Kahn, S. E. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1758 · Cited by 53
Cross-sectional association between sugar-sweetened beverage intake and cardiometabolic biomarkers in US women
Yu, Z., Ley, S. H., Sun, Q., Hu, F. B., & Malik, V. (2018) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114517003841 · Cited by 56
γ-Glutamyltransferase is a promising biomarker for cardiovascular risk
Turgut, O. O., Yilmaz, A., Yalta, K., et al. (2006) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.04.010 · Cited by 53
Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase level and diabetes mellitus among US adults
Sabanayagam, C., Shankar, A., Li, J., Pollard, C. R., & DUCATMAN, A. M. (2009) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-009-9346-7 · Cited by 51
“Several prospective [5–10] and cross-sectional studies [11–13] have reported a positive association between serum GGT and diabetes mellitus.”
BackgroundResult
Insulin Resistance and Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Children with Intrauterine Growth Retardation
Cianfarani, S., Geremia, C., Germani, D., Scirè, G., Maiorana, A., & Boemi, S. (2001) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000063455 · Cited by 52
“and it is noteworthy that raised γ-GT levels have recently been proposed as an independent risk factor for NIDDM [”
Background
Prognostic significance of gamma-glutamyltransferase in patients with endometrial cancer: a multi-centre trial
Seebacher, V., Polterauer, S., Grimm, C., et al. (2012) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.16 · Cited by 51
“Previous studies described that patients with elevated GGT were found to have elevated risk of diabetes (Perry et al, 1998).”
Background
Serum γ-glutamyl transferase activity predicts future development of metabolic syndrome defined by 2 different criteria
Jo, S.-K., Lee, W., Rhee, E., et al. (2009) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2009.03.035 · Cited by 50
The Association of Fatty Liver and Diabetes Risk.
Okamoto, M., Takeda, Y., Yoda, Y., Kobayashi, K., Fujino, M., & Yamagata, Z. (2003) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.13.15 · Cited by 49
Coffee consumption, serum γ-glutamyltransferase and risk of type II diabetes
Bidel, S., Silventoinen, K., Hu, G., Lee, D., Kaprio, J. A., & Tuomilehto, J. O. (2007) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602712 · Cited by 55
Gln27Glu β2-adrenergic receptor variant is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and the development of fatty liver
Iwamoto, N., Ogawa, Y., Kajihara, S., et al. (2001) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00633-7 · Cited by 50
What does serum γ-glutamyltransferase tell us as a cardiometabolic risk marker?
Bulusu, S., & Sharma, M. (2015) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/0004563215597010 · Cited by 48
Gamma-glutamyl transferase level predicts the development of hypertension in Hong Kong Chinese
Cheung, B. M. Y., Ong, K. L., Tso, A. W. K., et al. (2011) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2011.03.030 · Cited by 46
“Indeed, plasma GGT has also been reported to be predictive of incident diabetes [8,37,38] and the close relationship between raised blood pressure and dysglycemia in our population may also contribute to the association of plasma GGT with hypertension [21].”
Background
Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase and Risk of Disease
Whitfield, J. B. (2007) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2006.080911 · Cited by 46
Preventive Effect of GGsTop, a Novel and Selective γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Inhibitor, on Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Renal Injury in Rats
Yamamoto, S., Watanabe, B., Hiratake, J., et al. (2011) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.111.183004 · Cited by 44
Gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels and the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus
Tan, P. C., Aziz, A. Z., Ismail, I. S., & Omar, S. Z. (2012) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.025 · Cited by 43
Biochemical clinical factors associated with missed abortion independent of maternal age
Fang, J., Xie, B., Chen, B., et al. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000013573 · Cited by 43
Circulating alanine transaminase (ALT) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), but not fetuin-A, are associated with metabolic risk factors, at baseline and at two-year follow-up: The prospective Cyprus Metabolism Study
Liu, X., Hamnvik, O. R., Chamberland, J. P., Petrou, M., Gong, H., Christophi, C. A., Christiani, D. C., Kales, S. N., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2014) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2014.03.008 · Cited by 41
“Several prospective studies have also shown that high levels of ALT and GGT are independently associatedwith increased risk for incidentmetabolic syndrome and diabetes [12,15–19].”
Liver function tests in type 2 Sudanese diabetic patients
Idris, A. S. O., Mekky, K. F. H., Abdalla, B. E., et al. (2011) · International Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.5897/ijnam.9000023 · Cited by 41
Risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes in individuals with a BMI of <27 kg/m2: the role of γ-glutamyltransferase. Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR)
for the DESIR Study Group, Gautier, A., Balkau, B., Lange, C., Tichet, J., & Bonnet, F. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1602-6 · Cited by 39
“Recent prospective studies have confirmed a significant association between GGT activity and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in both sexes and in various populations, including the DESIR cohort [12–18].”
Use of A Mendelian Randomization Approach to Assess the Causal Relation of -Glutamyltransferase with Blood Pressure and Serum Insulin Levels
Conen, D., Vollenweider, P., Rousson, V., Marques-Vidal, P. M., Paccaud, F. M., Waeber, G., & Bochud, M. (2010) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwq308 · Cited by 38
Relationship between serum adiponectin concentration, pulse wave velocity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Kim, S. G., Kim, H. Y., Seo, J. A., Lee, K. W., Oh, J. H., Kim, N. H., Choi, K. M., Baik, S. H., & Choi, D. S. (2005) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.01842 · Cited by 38
“Recently, several prospective studies have shown that elevated ALT and GGT are predictors of the development of type 2 diabetes ( 32 , 33), and it was reported that low serum adiponectin levels predict the development of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (34, 35).”
Background
Elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase is associated with subclinical inflammation independent of cardiometabolic risk factors in an asymptomatic population: a cross-sectional study
Ali, S. S., Oni, E., Blaha, M. J., Veledar, E., Feiz, H. R., Feldman, T., Agatston, A. S., Blumenthal, R. S., Conceição, R., Carvalho, J. A. M., et al. (2016) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0097-7 · Cited by 37
Serum carotenoid concentrations are inversely associated with serum aminotransferases in hyperglycemic subjects
Sugiura, M., Nakamura, M., Ikoma, Y., Yano, M., Ogawa, K., Matsumoto, H., Kato, M., Ohshima, M., & Nagao, A. (2005) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2005.05.004 · Cited by 37
“Recently, a number of studies have suggested that abnormal hepatocellular function is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes [12–16].”
Background
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-aged Japanese Men and Women
Tokita, Y., Maejima, Y., Shimomura, K., Takenoshita, S., Ishiyama, N., Akuzawa, M., Shimomura, Y., & Nakajima, K. (2017) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7115 · Cited by 37
“The increased prevalence of NAFLD in relation to the development of diabetes has been reported in a cross-sectional study (16), and a close relationship between liver enzymes and diabetes has been reported in cohort studies (17-22).”
Background
Gastrointestinal Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Ebert, E. C. (2005) · Disease-a-Month · doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2005.11.002 · Cited by 33
A Strong Secular Trend in Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase from 1996 to 2003 among South Korean Men
Lee, D., Ha, M.-H., Kam, S., Chun, B., Lee, J., Song, K., Boo, Y. C., Steffen, L. M., & Jacobs, D. R. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj006 · Cited by 34
Study of life style habits on risk of type 2 diabetes
Pathak, A., & Pathak, R. (2012) · International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research · doi:10.4103/2229-516x.106349 · Cited by 34
Association between gamma-glutamyltransferase and coronary artery calcification
Atar, A., Yılmaz, Ö. Ç., Akın, K., et al. (2012) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.157 · Cited by 34
Association of liver enzymes with incident type 2 diabetes: A nested case control study in an Iranian population
Tohidi, M., Harati, H., Hadaegh, F., et al. (2008) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/1472-6823-8-5 · Cited by 34
“vated in asymptomatic patients with NAFLD [5,6], the prospective association between the hepatic markers and type 2 diabetes is expected, as has been reported in many longitudinal studies [7-12].”
Result
Sibutramine enhances insulin sensitivity ameliorating metabolic parameters in a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Tambascia, M. A., Geloneze, B., Repetto, E. M., Geloneze, S. R., Picolo, M., & Magro, D. O. (2003) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1046/j.1463-1326.2003.00285.x · Cited by 34
Metabolic syndrome is directly associated with gamma glutamyl transpeptidase elevation in Japanese women
Sakugawa, H., Nakayoshi, T., Kobashigawa, K., et al. (2004) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v10.i7.1052 · Cited by 34
Effects of periodontal treatment on the medical status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study
Hayashi, J., Hasegawa, A., Hayashi, K., Suzuki, T., Ishii, M., Otsuka, H., Yatabe, K., Goto, S., Tatsumi, J., & Shin, K. (2017) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-017-0369-2 · Cited by 34
Relationship between γ-glutamyltransferase, lipids and lipoprotein(a) in the general population
Lippi, G., Targher, G., Montagnana, M., et al. (2007) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2007.06.005 · Cited by 32
Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Level Is an Independent Predictor of Incident Hypertension in Korean Adults
Kim, N. H., Huh, J. K., Kim, B. J., et al. (2012) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.3109/10641963.2012.665539 · Cited by 31
Thiols, Malonaldehyde and Total Antioxidant Status in the Turkish Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Duman, B. S., Öztürk, M., Yılmazer, S., & Hatemi, H. (2003) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.201.147 · Cited by 30
“The relationship between GGT activities and its pro-oxidant effect has been demonstrated in vitro(Drozdz et al.1998;Enoiu et al.2000)and in clinical studies by the increase in lipid peroxidation(Pompela 1997;Perry et al.1998).”
Background
Steatosis and hepatic expression of genes regulating lipid metabolism in Japanese patients infected with hepatitis C virus
Yasui, K., Harano, Y., Mitsuyoshi, H., et al. (2009) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-009-0133-8 · Cited by 30
Ubiquinol reduces gamma glutamyltransferase as a marker of oxidative stress in humans
Onur, S., Niklowitz, P., Jacobs, G., Nöthlings, U., Lieb, W., Menke, T., & Döring, F. (2014) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-427 · Cited by 29
“However, it has recently been shown that serum GGT is also a marker for the development of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus and their complications independent from alcohol consumption [19-22].”
Background
Is liver disease a threat to patients with metabolic disorders?
Marchesini, G., Forlani, G., & Bugianesi, E. (2005) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890510011445 · Cited by 28
Moderate alcohol consumption and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity
Beulens, J. W. J., van den Berg, R., Kok, F. J., Helander, A., Vermunt, S. H. F., & Hendriks, H. (2008) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2007.07.002 · Cited by 28
.GAMMA.-Glutamyl Transferase and Metabolic Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
Sakuta, H., Suzuki, T., Yasuda, H., et al. (2005) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.44.538 · Cited by 28
Pathogenesis, Risk Assessment and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
Joost, H. (2008) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000137673 · Cited by 27
Prevalencia y factores asociados a la presencia de esteatosis hepática en varones adultos aparentemente sanos
Parés, A. R., Tresserras, R., Núñez, I., Cerralbo, M., Plana, P., Pujol, F.-J., Massip, J., Caballería, L., Brú, C., Caballería, J., et al. (2000) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1016/s0025-7753(00)71364-9 · Cited by 26
Association of self-reported diseases and health care use with commonly used laboratory markers for alcohol consumption
Sillanaukee, P. (2001) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/36.4.339 · Cited by 26
Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Levels in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Gurbuzer, N., Gözke, E., & Basturk, Z. A. (2014) · Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1155/2014/170626 · Cited by 25
The Dose-Response Relationship between Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus Using Publicly Available Data: A Longitudinal Study in Japan
Zhao, W., Tong, J., Liu, J., Jin, L., Li, J., & Cao, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2020/5356498 · Cited by 24
Metabolic Syndrome, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase, and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death
Kim, Y. G., Han, K., Jeong, J. H., Roh, S., Choi, Y. Y., Min, K., Shim, J., Choi, J., & Kim, Y. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11071781 · Cited by 24
Elevated Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Is a Strong Marker of Insulin Resistance in Obese Children
Lee, S. Y., Sung, E., & Chang, Y. (2013) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2013/578693 · Cited by 24
C-reactive protein, gamma-glutamyltransferase and type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population
Wen, J., Liang, Y., Wang, F., et al. (2009) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2009.11.002 · Cited by 24
Increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in patients with metabolic syndrome
Bozbaş, H. (2011) · Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi-Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology · doi:10.5543/tkda.2011.01205 · Cited by 24
Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels are inversely related to endothelial function in chronic kidney disease
Yılmaz, M. İ., Turgut, F. H., Kanbay, M., Sağlam, M., Sönmez, A., Yaman, H., Demirbaş, Ş., Ünal, H. U., Gök, M., Karaman, M., et al. (2012) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-012-0354-2 · Cited by 24
“However, increasing number of prospective studies shows that serum GGT activity directly relates to an increased risk of death, major vascular and nonvascular outcomes, hypertension and diabetes, even after adjustment for alcohol consumption and established risk factors [11–20].”
Background
γ‐Glutamyltransferase, Obesity, Physical Activity, and the Metabolic Syndrome in Indigenous Australian Adults
Li, M., Campbell, S., & McDermott, R. A. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.617 · Cited by 23
Ideal cardiovascular health associated with fatty liver: Results from a multi-ethnic survey
Mazidi, M., Katsiki, N., Mikhailidis, D. P., & Banach, M. (2018) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.11.012 · Cited by 23
Association of Working Conditions and Lifestyle with Increased Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase: A Follow-up Study
Higashikawa, A., Suwazono, Y., Okubo, Y., Uetani, M., Kobayashi, E., Kido, T., & Nogawa, K. (2005) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.03.027 · Cited by 22
Probable NAFLD, by ALT levels, and diabetes among Filipino-American Women
Wong, C. A., Araneta, M. R. G., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Alcaraz, J. E., Castañeda, D. M., & Macera, C. (2007) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2007.07.012 · Cited by 22
“increasing levels of VAT, and are consistent with previous findings [37,38].”
BackgroundResult
Insulin resistance and hepatitis C virus: a case–control study of non‐obese, non‐alcoholic and non‐steatotic hepatitis virus carriers with persistently normal serum aminotransferase
Tanaka, N., Nagaya, T., Komatsu, M., Horiuchi, A., Tsuruta, G., Shirakawa, H., Umemura, T., Ichijo, T., Matsumoto, A., Yoshizawa, K., et al. (2008) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01737.x · Cited by 20
The Relationship Between Gamma‐Glutamyl Transferase Levels and Coronary Plaque Burdens and Plaque Structures in Young Adults With Coronary Atherosclerosis
Çelik, Ö., Çakmak, H. A., Satılmış, S., et al. (2014) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.22307 · Cited by 21
Liver enzymes but not free fatty acid levels predict markers of insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese, nondiabetic adults
Gray, B. R., Mühlhäusler, B. S., Davies, P. S. W., et al. (2013) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2013.07.019 · Cited by 21
Increase in γ-Glutamyltransferase Level and Development of Established Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Diabetes in Japanese Adults
Jimba, S., Nakagami, T., Oya, J., et al. (2009) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2008.0082 · Cited by 21
Glucose intolerance and serum aminotransferase activities in Japanese men
Miyake, Y., Eguchi, H., Shinchi, K., Oda, T., Sasazuki, S., & Kono, S. (2002) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(02)00323-9 · Cited by 21
Relationship between gamma-glutamyl transferase and glucose intolerance in first degree relatives of type 2 diabetics patients.
Haghighi, S., Amini, M., Pournaghshband, Z., et al. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 21
Fatness, fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors in middle-aged white men
O’Donovan, G., Kearney, E. M., Sherwood, R. A., & Hillsdon, M. M. (2011) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2011.06.009 · Cited by 20
“Therefore, we assessed traditional [5] and novel [6,7] cardiometabolic risk factors in the present study, including adipokines [7], markers of inflammation [6-9], and markers of liver damage [10-12].”
Method
GGsTop, a novel and specific γ-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor, protects hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
Tamura, K., Hayashi, N., George, J., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00439.2015 · Cited by 20
Predictive Value of a Noninvasive Serological Hepatic Fibrosis Scoring System in Cirrhosis Combined with Oesophageal Varices
Zhang, F., Liu, T., Gao, P., et al. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1155/2018/7671508 · Cited by 20
Subjects with sonographical hepatic steatosis should be excluded from studies to establish upper reference levels of serum transaminases
Völzke, H., Alte, D., Ittermann, T., et al. (2010) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02371.x · Cited by 20
Rosiglitazone
Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., Sels, J.-P. J. E., & Huijberts, M. S. (2001) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2.3.467 · Cited by 20
“Elevated serum γ-glutaryl transferase (GGT) levels may be an independent risk factor for Type 2 diabetes [39].”
Background
Association between liver enzymes and type 2 diabetes: a real-world study
Bi, Y., Yang, Y., Yuan, X., Wang, J., Wang, T., Liu, Z., Tian, S., & Sun, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1340604 · Cited by 24
Prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors in Northeastern China
Shi, X. D., He, S., Tao, Y., et al. (2010) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2010.11.002 · Cited by 19
Long‐term changes and variability in diabetes risk factors prior to the development of impaired glucose homeostasis
Laspa, E., Christen, A., Efstathiadou, Z. A., Johnston, D. G., & Godsland, I. F. (2007) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02225.x · Cited by 20
Serum level of gamma-glutamyl transferase as a biomarker for predicting stenosis severity in patients with coronary artery disease
Arasteh, S., Moohebati, M., Avan, A., et al. (2017) · Indian Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2017.11.017 · Cited by 19
Blood Glucose Homeostasis in the Course of Partial Pancreatectomy – Evidence for Surgically Reversible Diabetes Induced by Cholestasis
Ehehalt, F., Sturm, D., Rösler, M., Distler, M., Weitz, J., Kersting, S., Ludwig, B., Schwanebeck, U., Saeger, H., Solimena, M., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134140 · Cited by 21
The associations between height components (leg and trunk length) and adult levels of liver enzymes
Fraser, A., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Smith, G. D., & Lawlor, D. A. (2007) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2006.053181 · Cited by 18
Different associations between obesity and impaired fasting glucose depending on serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels within normal range: a cross-sectional study
Hong, N. S., Kim, J.-G., Lee, Y., et al. (2014) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/1472-6823-14-57 · Cited by 18
“Background Serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) within the normal range has emerged as an important predictor of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among various populations [1-5].”
Background
A 12-week aerobic exercise program without energy restriction improves intrahepatic fat, liver function and atherosclerosis-related factors
Yoshimura, E., Kumahara, H., Tobina, T., Ayabe, M., Matono, S., Anzai, K., Higaki, Y., Kiyonaga, A., & Tanaka, H. (2011) · Obesity Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2011.03.003 · Cited by 18
Liver enzymes concentrations are closely related to prediabetes: findings of the Shanghai Diabetes Study II (SHDS II).
Gao, F., Pan, J., Hou, X. H., et al. (2012) · PubMed · doi:10.3967/0895-3988.2012.01.005 · Cited by 18
Coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes — An extensive review
Bidel, S., Hu, G., & Tuomilehto, J. O. (2007) · Open Medicine · doi:10.2478/s11536-007-0059-6 · Cited by 18
Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase, ferritin and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women from a Chinese minority
Chen, T., Ren, Y., Liu, Y., Long, Y., Zhang, X., Yu, H., Xu, J. R., Yu, T., & Tian, H. (2010) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2010.09.017 · Cited by 15
“Accumulating evidence of epidemiologic studies demonstrated that elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) [1–3], and ferritin level [4–9] could both increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).”
Background
Relation of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase and Alcohol Drinking with Incident Diabetes: the HIPOP-OHP Study
Hozawa, A., Okamura, T., Tanaka, T., et al. (2010) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.3202 · Cited by 17
Relationship between traditional risk factors for hypertension and systolic blood pressure in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-based Cohort Study
Takase, M., Nakaya, N., Tanno, K., Kogure, M., Hatanaka, R., Nakaya, K., Chiba, I., Kanno, I., Nochioka, K., Tsuchiya, N., et al. (2024) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-024-01582-1 · Cited by 18
Serum Gamma - Glutamyltransferase Is Associated with Albuminuria: A Population-Based Study
Sun, K., Li, F., Lin, D., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114970 · Cited by 16
Lifestyle-related biomarkers and endometrial cancer survival: Elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase as an important risk factor
Edlinger, M., Concin, N., Concin, H., et al. (2013) · Cancer Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.canep.2012.12.003 · Cited by 16
Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Concentration Correlates with Framingham Risk Score in Koreans
Kim, K.-N., Kim, K., Lee, D.-J., & Joo, N. (2011) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2011.26.10.1305 · Cited by 16
Association between Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase and Chronic Kidney Disease among US Adults
Teppala, S., Shankar, A., Li, J., et al. (2010) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000274463 · Cited by 16
Excessive Portal Venous Supply of Long‐Chain Free Fatty Acids to the Liver, Leading to Hypothalamus‐Pituitary‐Adrenal‐Axis and Sympathetic Activation as a Key to the Development of Syndrome X: A Proposed Concept for the Induction of Syndrome X
Benthem, L., Kuipers, F., Steffens, A. B., & SCHEURINK, A. J. W. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07804.x · Cited by 16
Volatile oil of Croton zehntneri per oral sub-acute treatment offers small toxicity: perspective of therapeutic use
Coelho‐de‐Souza, A. N., Rocha, M. V. A. P., de Oliveira, K. A., Vasconcelos, Y., dos Santos, E. C., da Silva‐Alves, K. S., Diniz, L. R. L., Ferreira‐da‐Silva, F. W., de Oliveira, A. C., da Ponte, E. L., et al. (2018) · Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia · doi:10.1016/j.bjp.2018.11.005 · Cited by 15
Age- and sex-related reference values for serum insulin concentration and its biological determinants in a French healthy population. The STANISLAS cohort
Francois, A., Maumus, S., Vincent‐Viry, M., et al. (2004) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm.2004.233 · Cited by 15
[The association between serum GGT level within normal range and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases].
Lim, J., Kim, Y.-J., Chun, B., et al. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 15
Influences of pregravid liver enzyme levels on the development of gestational diabetes mellitus
Kim, W. J., Chung, Y., Park, J., et al. (2020) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.14759 · Cited by 14
Hepatocyte steatosis in patients infected with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus.
Fierbinteanu-Braticevici, C. G., Mohora, M., Tribus, L. C., Petrişor, A., Creţoiu, S. M., Crețoiu, D., Usvat, R., & Ioniţă, L. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 14
A Longitudinal Genetic Study of Uric Acid and Liver Enzymes in Adolescent Twins
Middelberg, R. P. S., Medland, S. E., Martin, N. G., et al. (2007) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1375/twin.10.5.757 · Cited by 14
“…et al., 2004; Ruttmann et al., 2005; Wannamethee et al., 1995), hypertension (Lee et al., 2003b; Miura et al., 1994) and diabetes (Lee et al., 2003a; Lee et al., 2003b; Lee et al., 2004; Meisinger et al., 2005; Nakanishi et al., 2003; Perry et al., 1998; Wannamethee et al., 2005; Whitfield, 2001).”
Background

Authors: Perry, I. J., Wannamethee, S. G., & Shaper, A. G.
Affiliations: The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
ORCID: Perry, Ivan J
Wannamethee, S Goya
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 1998-05-01
Volume: 21
Issue: 5
Pages: 732-737
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.21.5.732
OpenAlex: W2146589543
Cited by: 319
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 5.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Keywords: gamma-glutamyl transferase, type 2 diabetes, type 2 diabetes risk, hepatic steatosis, visceral fat, hepatic insulin resistance, biomarkers, alcohol consumption, physical activity, obesity, men
MeSH terms: Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Alkaline Phosphatase, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Follow-Up Studies, gamma-Glutamyltransferase, United Kingdom, Humans, Liver, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Incidence, Multivariate Analysis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Prospective Study of Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase and Risk of NIDDM

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks