Cited by 321Liver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiet, Metabolism, and Disease

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Prospective Study of Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase and Risk of NIDDM

Perry, Ivan J, Wannamethee, S Goya, Shaper, A Gerald·1998·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/diacare.21.5.732

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels are raised in obese individuals, and a particularly strong association with central obesity has been described. We hypothesized that elevated GGT levels are a marker for visceral fat, and specifically for hepatic steatosis (fatty liver), and that hepatic steatosis leads to hepatic insulin resistance. To test this hypothesis, we examined the association between GGT levels and risk of NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We carried out a prospective cohort study of incident cases of doctor-diagnosed NIDDM in a group of 7,458 nondiabetic men (aged 40-59 years) followed for a mean of 12.8 years (range 11.5-13.0). The men were randomly selected from general practice lists in 24 British towns. Cases of NIDDM were ascertained by repeated postal questionnaires to the men and by regular systematic review of primary care records. RESULTS: A total of 194 men developed NIDDM during follow-up. Mean serum GGT at baseline (geometric mean [95% CI]) was significantly higher in the NIDDM patients than in the rest of the cohort (20.9 [19.3-22.6] vs. 15.3 U/l [15.0-15.6], P < 0.0001). There was a smooth, graded increase in the age-adjusted risk of NIDDM with increasing GGT levels, with a relative risk in the top fifth of the distribution of 6.8 (3.5-12.9) relative to the bottom fifth (trend P < 0.0001). This association was independent of serum glucose and BMI and of other predictors of NIDDM with which GGT is associated, including alcohol intake and physical activity level (adjusted upper to lower fifth relative risk: 4.8 [2.0-11.8], trend P < 0.0001]). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a raised serum GGT level is an independent risk factor for NIDDM. Serum GGT level may be a simple and reliable marker of visceral and hepatic fat and, by inference, of hepatic insulin resistance.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2337/diacare.21.5.732

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 321

CLINICAL-LIVER, PANCREAS, AND BILIARY TRACT Impact of Fatty Liver Disease on Health Care Utilization and Costs in a General Population: A 5-Year Observation
Baumeister, S. E., Völzke, H., Marschall, P., John, U., Fleßa, S., & Alte, D. (2008) · Cited by 13
Hepatoprotective effects of Shilajit on high fat-diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats
Ghezelbash, B., Shahrokhi, N., Khaksari, M., et al. (2020) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci-2019-0040 · Cited by 13
Association of elevated alanine aminotransferase with BMI and diabetes in older veteran outpatients
Hermos, J. A., Cohen, S. A., Hall, R. B., GAGNON, D. R., Brophy, M. T., & Fiore, L. D. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2007.11.008 · Cited by 13
Potential Role of Interleukin‐18 in Liver Disease Associated with Insulin Resistance
López‐Bermejo, A., Bosch, M., Recasens, M., Biarnés, J., Esteve, E., Casamitjana, R., Vendrell, J. J., Ricart, W., & Fernández‐Real, J. M. (2005) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2005.237 · Cited by 13
Relationship between gamma-glutamyltransferase and fat mass in a general population of 8–17 years old children. The FLVS II study
Botton, J., Heude, B., Andre, P., Bresson, J., Ducimetière, P., & Charles, M.-A. A. (2007) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2007.03.008 · Cited by 12
Circulating Soluble CD14 Monocyte Receptor Is Associated with Increased Alanine Aminotransferase
Fernández‐Real, J. M., López‐Bermejo, A., Broch, M., et al. (2004) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2003.030015 · Cited by 12
Gamma-glutamyltransferase as a useful predictor for cardiovascular risk: Clinical and epidemiological perspectives
Turgut, O. O., Yılmaz, M. B., Yalta, K., et al. (2008) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.05.019 · Cited by 12
Oxidant Status and Lipid Composition of Erythrocyte Membranes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Chronic Liver Damage, and a Combination of Both Pathologies
Hernández-Muñoz, R. E., Olguín-Martínez, M., Aguilar-Delfín, I., et al. (2013) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2013/657387 · Cited by 11
Determination of genetic changes of Rev-erb beta and Rev-erb alpha genes in Type 2 diabetes mellitus by next-generation sequencing
Tokat, B., Demirci, D. K., Gül, N., Satman, İ., Öztürk, O., Özder, A., Küçükhüseyin, Ö., & Yılmaz, H. (2020) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2020.145058 · Cited by 12
Decreased Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity Are Associated With Liver Function in Subjects With Fasting Glucose Between 100 and 109 mg/dL in Taiwanese Population
Hsiao, J., Wang, C.-L., Hsia, P., Hsieh, M., Hsin, S., Lin, K., & Shin, S. (2007) · Pancreas · doi:10.1097/mpa.0b013e31811f44fd · Cited by 11
Association between serum γ-glutamyltransferase levels and coronary microvascular function in hypertensive patients
Çalışkan, M., Erdoğan, D., Güllü, H., Çiftçi, Ö., Yildirim, I., Baycan, S., Yı́ldı́rı́r, A., & Müderrisoğlu, H. (2007) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3282f05bf1 · Cited by 11
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Modifies Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase in Cigarette Smokers
Oni, E., Figueredo, V. M., Aneni, E. C., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine Research · doi:10.14740/jocmr3932 · Cited by 10
Elevated liver enzymes in women with a family history of diabetes
Inoue, K., Matsumoto, M., Miyoshi, Y., & Kobayashi, Y. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2007.10.032 · Cited by 10
“[3] I.”
Background
Does bilirubin protect against developing diabetes mellitus?
Breimer, L. H., & Mikhailidis, D. P. (2016) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.01.019 · Cited by 10
“It should be noted that their findings of GGT are at variance to that reported by the British Regional Heart study [Perry et al. 1998].”
Inhibition of γ‐glutamyltransferase ameliorates ischaemia‐reoxygenation tissue damage in rats with hepatic steatosis
Kubota, R., Hayashi, N., Kinoshita, K., Saito, T., Ozaki, K., Ueda, Y., Tsuchishima, M., Tsutsumi, M., & George, J. (2020) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.15258 · Cited by 10
Elevated fasting plasma C‐peptide occurs in non‐diabetic individuals with fatty liver, irrespective of insulin resistance
Perseghin, G., Caumo, A., Lattuada, G., COBELLI, F. D., Ntali, G., Esposito, A., Belloni, E., Canu, T., Ragogna, F., Scifo, P., et al. (2009) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02785.x · Cited by 10
Relationship between γ-Glutamyltransferase, Fasting Plasma Glucose, and Triglycerides in the General Population
Lippi, G., Targher, G., & Guidi, G. C. (2007) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2007.091512 · Cited by 10
Biomarkers of oxidative damage are elevated among individuals with high cardiovascular risk: Refining subject selection strategies for antioxidant trials
Seet, R. C. S., Quek, A. M. L., Lim, E. C. H., & Halliwell, B. B. (2013) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.3109/10715762.2013.769215 · Cited by 9
Ideal cardiovascular health predicts lower risk of abnormal liver enzymes levels in the Chilean National Health Survey (2009–2010)
García‐Hermoso, A., Hackney, A. C., & Ramírez‐Vélez, R. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185908 · Cited by 9
Prevalence and Clinical Features of Hyperuricemia in Gwangju and Jeonnam Territories
Hong, S. J., Kim, Y. S., & Kim, H. (2012) · Journal of Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.4078/jrd.2012.19.3.138 · Cited by 9
Potential mechanisms underlying the associations between liver enzymes and risk for type 2 diabetes
Venkatesan, C., Younossi, Z. M., Groszmann, R. J., Iwakiri, Y., & Taddei, T. H. (2012) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.24769 · Cited by 9
Elevation of serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity is frequent in chronic hepatitis C, and is associated with insulin resistance
Benini, F., Pigozzi, M. G., Pozzi, A., Bercich, L., Reggiani, A., Quattrocchi, D., Distefano, L., Donati, P., Cesana, B. M., & Lanzini, A. (2009) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2008.11.016 · Cited by 9
Are serum gamma-glutamyl transferase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and ischaemia-modified albumin useful in diagnosing PCOS?
Ozturk, M., Keskin, U., Öztürk, Ö., Ulubay, M., Alanbay, İ., Aydin, A., & Yenen, M. C. (2016) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1080/01443615.2016.1174827 · Cited by 9
“Furthermore, it has also been suggested that GGT is an indicator of visceral and hepatic fat (Perry et al. 1998).”
Background
Prevalence and predictors of impaired fasting glucose among Nigerian patients with hepatitis B virus infection
Iroezindu, M. O., Isiguzo, G. C., & Young, E. E. (2012) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.08.006 · Cited by 8
Association between empirically derived dietary patterns and liver function tests in adults: Shahedieh cohort study
Lorzadeh, E., Akhondi‐Meybodi, M., Mozaffari–Khosravi, H., Mirzaei, M., & Salehi‐Abargouei, A. (2020) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.110897 · Cited by 8
Semi-field studies on biochemical markers of honey bee workers (Apis mellifera) after exposure to pesticides and their mixtures
Murawska, A., Berbeć, E., Latarowski, K., Roman, A., & Migdał, P. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0309567 · Cited by 8
Comparison of gamma glutamyltransferase in normal and in type 2 diabetics.
Iqbal, A., Iftikhar, U., Ali, F. A., et al. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 7
The transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of Chinese Tibetan and Han populations
Wang, X., Liu, J., Wang, Q., & Chen, Q. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1122047 · Cited by 9
Elevated serum γ-glutamyltransferase predicts the development of impaired glucose metabolism in middle-aged and elderly Chinese
Xu, Y., Xu, M., Huang, Y., Wang, T., Li, M., Wu, Y., Song, A., Li, X., Bi, Y., & Ning, G. (2011) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-011-9468-z · Cited by 7
The Association of Central Obesity with Type 2 Diabetes among Koreans according to the Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Level: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Shin, J., Hwang, J.-H., Jeong, J., et al. (2009) · Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.6.386 · Cited by 7
“여러가지질병들중에서도특히향후 제 2형 당뇨병 발생 위험과 매우 강한 용 량-반응관계가 있었는데 이는 생리학적 범위내에서 혈청 GGT 증가에 관여할 수 있는어떠한요인들이제 2형당뇨병의발 생기전과밀접한관련성이있을가능성이 있음을시사한다 [4,5,7,8,10,12,13].”
Influential
Risks of borderline liver enzyme abnormalities to the incidence of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus: a 7 year follow up study of workers
Yu, J.-H., Kim, J. S., Lee, M.-R., et al. (2016) · Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1186/s40557-016-0105-4 · Cited by 7
Plasma .GAMMA.-glutamyl Transferase Activity Predicts Homocysteine Concentration in a Large Cohort of Unselected Outpatients
Lippi, G., Salvagno, G. L., Targher, G., et al. (2008) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.47.0810 · Cited by 7
Clues from the carotids: An appraisal of cardiovascular disease risk in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Chitturi, S., & Farrell, G. C. (2009) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05977.x · Cited by 7
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and the metabolic syndrome in a Taiwanese aboriginal population
Ho, C.-I., Tsao, Y.-C., Chen, J., Chang, K., Tsai, Y.-W., Lin, J.-S., & Chang, S.-S. (2013) · International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries · doi:10.1007/s13410-013-0127-1 · Cited by 6
“Several population-based studies have reported positive associations between serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and incident cardiovascular events [3, 4] and risk factors for diabetes, in particular oxidative stress [5, 6] and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [7, 8].”
Background
Elevated alanine aminotransferase is associated with metabolic syndrome but not consistently associated with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes mellitus
Yueh, C.-Y., Chen, J.-H., Lee, L., Lu, C., Parekh, B. K., & Chi, C. (2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.05.038 · Cited by 6
Can we use serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels to predict early mortality in stroke?
Akıncı, E., Doğan, N. Ö., Gümüş, H., et al. (2014) · Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.12669/pjms.303.4456 · Cited by 6
Serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase levels are related to insulin sensitivity and secretion in subjects with abnormal glucose regulation
Bianchi, C., Penno, G., Crisci, I., Daniele, G., Agostini, A., Prato, S. D., & Miccoli, R. (2010) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.1069 · Cited by 6
Oxidative stress-elevated high gamma glutamyl transferase levels, and aging, intake of tropical food plants, migration and visual disability in Central Africans.
Longo‐Mbenza, B., Muaka, M. M., Mokondjimobé, E., et al. (2012) · PubMed · doi:10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.04.17 · Cited by 6
Serum Gamma-glutamyl Transferase Concentration Within the Reference Range is Related to the Coronary Heart Disease Risk Prediction in Korean Men
Han, K., Cho, D., Kim, Y., & Kim, K.-N. (2015) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/0366-6999.161343 · Cited by 6
Association between gamma glutamyl transferase and insulin resistance markers in healthy obese children.
Kaushik, G. G., Sharm, S., Sharma, R., & Mittal, P. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 6
Successful treatment of obesity and insulin resistance via ketogenic diet status post Roux-en-Y
Handley, R. T., Ryan, B., Brown, T., & Annan, A. (2018) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-225643 · Cited by 7
The effect of metformin on fasting and postprandial insulin secretion in obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 2
Vuković, M., Lapčević, M., Kalezic, N. K., & Gvozdenović, B. (2007) · Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo · doi:10.2298/sarh0708447v · Cited by 6
Differential Levels of γ-Glutamyl Transferase Activity and Apolipoprotein CIII in Men on Either Statin or Fibrate Therapy
Mabile, L., Ruidavets, J., Fauvel, J., Perret, B., & Ferrières, J. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.5.1652 · Cited by 6
Modulating effect of soy protein on serum cardiac enzymes in cholesterol-fed rats
Saki, N., Saki, G., Rahim, F., et al. (2011) · International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences · doi:10.5897/ijmms.9000155 · Cited by 6
Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase level as a risk factor in acute stroke
Ismail, Q. M., Prasad, M. K., Marandi, S., et al. (2023) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_750_23 · Cited by 5
Effects of Diet Modification on Meal Quality and Quality of Life in Korean Diabetic Patients: Data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2011)
Cho, Y., Shin, M., & Chung, H.-K. (2014) · Clinical Nutrition Research · doi:10.7762/cnr.2014.3.2.106 · Cited by 5
γ-Glutamyltransferase and mortality risk from heart disease and stroke in Japanese men and women: NIPPON DATA90
Fujiyoshi, A., Miura, K., Hozawa, A., et al. (2010) · Global Heart · doi:10.1016/j.cvdpc.2010.03.003 · Cited by 5
The Association between Serum Gamma-glutamyltransferase within Normal Range and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases: Based on the Framingham Risk Score
Ko, H., Choi, C.-S., Youn, C., Lee, D., & Lee, S.-G. (2013) · The Korean Journal of Obesity · doi:10.7570/kjo.2013.22.1.21 · Cited by 5
Lycium chinense Miller fruit extract lowers liver enzyme levels in subjects with mild hepatic dysfunction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Oh, M., Jung, S., Chae, S., Park, B., & Lee, S. (2023) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-022-03075-8 · Cited by 5
Serum alanine transaminase is predictive of fasting and postprandial insulin and glucagon concentrations in type 2 diabetes
Huang, W., Xie, C., Albrechtsen, N. J. W., Sang, M., Sun, Z., Jones, K. L., Horowitz, M., Rayner, C. K., & Wu, T. (2023) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171092 · Cited by 5
Vital Capacity and Selected Metabolic Diseases in Middle‐Aged Japanese Men
Sakuta, H., Suzuki, T., Yyasuda, H., et al. (2006) · Canadian Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1155/2006/892034 · Cited by 5
Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation
Pop‐Busui, R., & Pietropaolo, M. (2010) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-478-4_5 · Cited by 5
Associação da gama-glutamil transferase e a síndrome metabólica em mulheres obesas
Araújo, L. M. B., Lima, D. S., & Daltro, C. (2005) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302005000400014 · Cited by 5
Effects of adherence to Korean diets on serum GGT and cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with hypertension and diabetes
Jung, S., & Chae, S. (2018) · Journal of Nutrition and Health · doi:10.4163/jnh.2018.51.5.386 · Cited by 5
Association between Liver Dysfunction and Hyperglycemia in Japanese Male Workers at Printing and Papermaking Plants
Kaido, T., Honda, Y., & Kitamura, K. (2002) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1539/joh.44.301 · Cited by 5
All-Cause Mortality Prediction in Subjects with Diabetes Mellitus Using a Machine Learning Model and Shapley Values
Mirea, O., Oghli, M. G., Neagoe, O., Berceanu, M. C., Țieranu, E. N., Moraru, L., Raicea, V. C., & Donoiu, I. (2025) · Diabetology · doi:10.3390/diabetology6010005 · Cited by 4
“GGT has been identified as a marker of oxidative stress, and the association between increased plasma levels of GGT and the risk of developing DM [31,32], as well as the risk for mortality in already diagnosed patients, has been described [33].”
Abdominal obesity validates the association between elevated alanine aminotransferase and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus
Yueh, C.-Y., Yang, Y., Sung, Y., et al. (2013) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0389 · Cited by 4
“Besides metabolic syndrome features, hepatocytic enzymes are ones of the most frequently-identified laboratory parameters associated with insulin resistance [11-17].”
BackgroundResult
Prognostic value of routine haematological and biochemical parameters on 30 day fatality in patients with acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage
Atam, V. (2012) · Cited by 3
An Inverse Association between Serum Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase Activity and Breslow's Lifestyle Index; Its Practical Application for Screening of Subjects with Unhealthy Lifestyles
Yokoyama, H., Ohgo, H., Hirose, H., et al. (2006) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1539/joh.48.198 · Cited by 4
Evaluating Risk Factors for Development of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Type-II Diabetes Mellitus
Amarapurkar, D. N., Patel, N. D., & Kamani, P. M. (2008) · Hepatitis Monthly · Cited by 4
The Effect of Cardiometabolic Control and Malnutrition on the Prevalence and Prognosis of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes
Özdemir, M., DAĞ, Y., Uzunlulu, M., Oğuz, A., Ardagil, A., Acar, Ö., & SELBEST, B. (2024) · Pamukkale Medical Journal · doi:10.31362/patd.1419095 · Cited by 3
Analysis of the Association Between Changes in the GGT/HDL-C Ratio and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus Based on a Latent Class Growth Mixed Modeling: A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Adults in China
Liang, S., & Yang, T. (2024) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s475067 · Cited by 4
Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome
Simão, A. C., Lovozoy, M. A. B., & Dichi, I. (2014) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b16653-15 · Cited by 3
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Stefan, N., & Häring, H. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-84-8174-892-5.50024-3 · Cited by 3
Risk factors and blood-borne biochemical markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Kappala, S. S. (2012) · CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) · Cited by 3
Liver Enzymes and its Correlates in Treated and Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Osogbo, South West, Nigeria
Onabanjo, O. (2013) · Cited by 2
Risk factors and carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive and control subjects
Rantala, A. O. (2001) · Cited by 2
Acute effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) intake instead of anti-diabetic drug on hepatic enzymes and atherogenic risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients
Khatun, M. A., Prodhan, U. K., & Rahman, N. (2017) · International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS) · doi:10.22192/ijarbs.2017.04.03.020 · Cited by 2
EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATED FEEDS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD PROFILES AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF DEZHOU DONKEYS
(2020) · The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences · doi:10.36899/japs.2020.4.0095 · Cited by 2
Relationship between response of γ-glutamyltransferase to alcohol consumption and levels of fasting plasma glucose
Hashimoto, Y., & Futamura, A. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.01.025 · Cited by 2
Transaminases profile in Algerian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Gouri, A., Dekaken, A., Rouabhia, S., et al. (2012) · Immuno-analyse & Biologie Spécialisée · doi:10.1016/j.immbio.2012.07.021 · Cited by 2
Low Fasting Serum Insulin in Japanese Alcohol Consumers Does Not Imply Improved Coronary Risk Factors
Yamada, Y., Noborisaka, Y., Ishizaki, M., Tsuritani, I., & Honda, R. (2004) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02898137 · Cited by 2
Coffee and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Bidel, S., & Tuomilehto, J. (2007) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 2
The Prothrombotic Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes: Assessment and Control
Cucuianu, M., & Coca, M. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59352-9_14 · Cited by 1
Association Between GGT/HDL-C Ratio and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Teng, C., He, L., Xu, J., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s581025 · Cited by 1
Association between the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase and risk of diabetes and the mediating effect of BMI: a comparative analysis in Chinese and Japanese populations
Gu, M., Niu, N., Liao, Y., Hu, H., & Gu, D. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1704211 · Cited by 1
“The early longitudinal investigations examining the relationship between NAFLD biomarkers and diabetes risk were published in 1998 (16).”
A Nonlinear Association Between Gamma-Glutamyltransferase to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Arterial Stiffness in Japanese Population: A Secondary Analysis Based on a Cross-Sectional Study
Shi, L.-M., Gao, Y.-X., Yang, J.-Q., et al. (2026) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.s560291 · Cited by 1
Potential impact of joint association of alanine aminotransferase and gamma‐glutamyltransferase on insulin resistance in J apan: The T oranomon H ospital H ealth M anagement C enter S tudy 19 ( TOPICS 19)
Arase, Y., Heianza, Y., Hara, S., Ohmoto‐Sekine, Y., Amakawa, K., Tsuji, H., Ogawa, K., Saito, K., Kodama, S., Ikeda, K., et al. (2014) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/hepr.12343 · Cited by 1
The Effect of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase on Impaired Fasting Glucose or Type 2 Diabetes in Korean Men
Kim, T.-Y., Kim, D., Park, C.-H., et al. (2009) · Korean Diabetes Journal · doi:10.4093/kdj.2009.33.3.215 · Cited by 1
The Association between Elevated GGT with Alcohol Consumption and with Insulin Resistance
Bae, M. J., Oh, I. H., Park, J. S., Lee, S. Y., Lee, J. G., Kim, Y. J., Jung, D.-W., Yi, Y. H., Cho, Y. H., & Choi, E. J. (2011) · The Korean Journal of Obesity · doi:10.7570/kjo.2011.20.3.113 · Cited by 1
The Contribution of Different Risk Factors in the Occurrence of Stroke
Barnes, P. (2014) · American Journal of Health Research · doi:10.11648/j.ajhr.20140206.21 · Cited by 1
Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity has no prognostic value in patients with acute myocardial infarction
이장훈, 채성철, 이현상, et al. (2007) · The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine · Cited by 1
The Association between Serum GGT within Normal Range and Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Metabolic Syndrome of Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women
이건호 (2009) · JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH · doi:10.21896/jksmch.2009.13.2.171 · Cited by 1
Is it important to analyse serum liver enzymes in patients with established metabolic syndrome? A Pilot study to tie the knot
Maiti, S., & Kumar, A. (2017) · Asian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3126/ajms.v8i3.16766 · Cited by 1
Role of Enzyme Gamma Glutamyl Transferase in Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome in Subjects with Normal Liver Function
Singh, V., Tiwari, S., Singh, S., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR] · doi:10.21276/ijcmr.2020.7.1.10 · Cited by 1
Benefit of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide supplementation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A pre–post study
Fan, Y., Pu, Y., Xu, X., & Yang, J. (2025) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/02601060251357979 · Cited by 2
“Diet adjustments and lifestyle modi ﬁ - cations are the cornerstone of NAFLD management strategies for managing NAFLD (Perry et al., 1998).”
고혈압 및 당뇨병 환자에서 한식 섭취가 혈청 GGT와 심혈관질환 위험인자에 미치는 영향
정수진, & 채수완 (2018) · Journal of Nutrition and Health · Cited by 1
Low Fasting Serum Insulin in Japanese Alcohol Consumers Does Not Imply Improved Coronary Risk Factors
Yamada, Y., Noborisaka, Y., Ishizaki, M., et al. (2004) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1265/ehpm.9.243 · Cited by 1
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN YOUNG ADULTS IN EASTERN INDIA: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Dan, S., Aditya, P., Banerjee, P., Musfikur, R., Roy, H., Roy, A. S., & Jana, T. (2014) · Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics · doi:10.22270/jddt.v4i1.753
A Study on Hepatic aminotransferases among elderly hypertensive patients: a population based observation
Prithwijit, B., Roy, H., Dan, S., Musfikur, R., & Roy, A. (2014) · Journal of Drug Discovery and Therapeutics
LIVER FAT IN THE METABOLIC SYNDROME AND TYPE 2 DIABETES
Kotronen, A. (2008) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Association of Serum Gamma Glutamyltransferase and Fasting Blood Glucose among Middle Aged and Elderly in Chuncheon: Hallym Aging Study
Lim, J. S., Choi, Y. H., Jeong, J. Y., Jang, S., Moon, Y. S., Kim, J.-H., Kwak, E. S., Choi, M. G., Hong, K.-S., & Kim, D. H. (2009) · Korean Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.1.23
Relationship between Serum Gamma-glutamyltransferase Levels within Reference Intervals and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus in Adults
Choi, M. S., Bae, T. W., Lee, J., et al. (2013) · Laboratory Medicine Online · doi:10.3343/lmo.2013.3.1.15
“그러나 최근 연구에 따르면 혈중 GGT 농도가 알코올 섭취나 간담도계의 질환 등과 관계없이 심혈 관계 질환의 위험요소, 대사증후군의 구성요소, 당뇨병의 발병위 험, 뇌졸중, 심장관련 치사율(cardiac mortality) 및 비치명적 심근 경색증(nonfatal myocardial infarction) 등과 뚜렷한 용량-반응관 계를 나타내며[1-7], 또한 퇴행성 인조질환(degenerative and manmade diseases)의 발생 위험을 예측할 수 있다고 보고하고 있다[8].”
Feasibility of Multiparametric Screening for Glucose Tolerance
Ognibene, A., Mannucci, E., Brogi, M., Sposato, I., Terreni, A., Cremasco, F., Cremasco, F., Messeri, G., & Rotella, C. M. (2006) · Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1309/1uvaq6r85njy6043
Relationship Between Serum Bilirubin Levels and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (Korean Diabetes Journal 32(4):338-345, 2008)
Lim, S. K. (2008) · Korean Diabetes Journal · doi:10.4093/kdj.2008.32.5.462
Liver markers, prevalence of the metabolic syndrome abnormalities and effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in morbidly obese subjects
Neto, A. S., Rossi, F. M. B., Amarante, R. D. M., & Rossi, M. (2011) · Einstein (São Paulo) · doi:10.1590/s1679-45082011ao2042
A Metabolic Health Study of Pacific Adolescents Investigating the metabolic health of Pacific adolescents in New Zealand: Environmental and genetic risk factors.
Moors, J. (2016) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Relations between Normal Serum Gamma-glutamyltransferase and Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Diseases according to Age and Gender
Kwon, S. Y., & Na, Y. (2016) · Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science · doi:10.15324/kjcls.2016.48.1.22
Identifizierung und Charakterisierung eines mit dem Risiko für Typ-2-Diabetes assoziierten Ernährungsmusters in der EPIC-Potsdam-Studie
Heidemann, C. (2006) · DepositOnce · doi:10.14279/depositonce-1451
“deren Beitrag zu einer erhöhten Energieaufnahme [149-151], zu Störungen im Glukosemetabolismus [152-154] sowie zu einer verschlechterten Leberfunktion [155] diskutiert.”
Background
Relationship between Exercise and Gamma-Glutamyltransferase in Korean
Son, H.-J., Kim, S. Y., Chun, S., et al. (2016) · Korean Journal of Family Practice · doi:10.21215/kjfp.2016.6.1.8

Authors: Perry, I. J., Wannamethee, S. G., & Shaper, A. G.
Affiliations: The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
ORCID: Perry, Ivan J
Wannamethee, S Goya
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 1998-05-01
Volume: 21
Issue: 5
Pages: 732-737
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.21.5.732
OpenAlex: W2146589543
Cited by: 319
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 5.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Keywords: gamma-glutamyl transferase, type 2 diabetes, type 2 diabetes risk, hepatic steatosis, visceral fat, hepatic insulin resistance, biomarkers, alcohol consumption, physical activity, obesity, men
MeSH terms: Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Alkaline Phosphatase, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Follow-Up Studies, gamma-Glutamyltransferase, United Kingdom, Humans, Liver, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Incidence, Multivariate Analysis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Prospective Study of Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase and Risk of NIDDM

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks