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Cited by 235Diabetes Management and EducationMental Health Treatment and AccessDiabetes Management and Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Independent Factors Associated With Major Depressive Disorder in a National Sample of Individuals With Diabetes

Open access
Egede, Leonard E., Zheng, Deyi·2003·Diabetes Care
DOI 10.2337/diacare.26.1.104
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE—To determine whether perceived poor physical health, duration of diabetes, and smoking are associated with major depressive disorder in a national sample of individuals with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data on 1,810 individuals with diabetes from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Short-Form (CIDI-SF) developed by the World Health Organization was used to identify individuals with major depressive disorder. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine whether perceived poor physical health, duration of diabetes, and smoking were associated with major depressive disorder. The model controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, employment, marital status, and health status. Other control variables included BMI, smoking, duration of diabetes, presence or absence of major complications, and type of treatment for diabetes. SUDAAN software was used for statistical analyses to account for the complex sampling design of NHIS. RESULTS—Independent factors associated with major depressive disorder were age <64 years, female sex, at least high school education, income <124% of federal poverty level, perceived worsening of health status, and smoking. CONCLUSIONS—In addition to other psychosocial factors such as younger age, female sex, lower income, at least high school education, and smoking, perceptions about the effect of diabetes on overall health seems to play an important role in the etiology of depression.

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Metadata

Authors
Egede, L. E., & Zheng, D.
Affiliations
Medical University of South Carolina (US)
ORCID
Egede, Leonard E.
Venue
Diabetes Care
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
2003-01-01
Volume
26
Issue
1
Pages
104-111
ISSN
  • 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-5548
DOI
10.2337/diacare.26.1.104
OpenAlex
W2115446906
Cited by
235
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 21
FWCI
7.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (1K08HS11418)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords
major depressive disorder, diabetes mellitus, diabetes duration, smoking, risk factors for depression, health status perception, sex differences, socioeconomic factors, educational attainment, income
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychology, Risk Factors, Smoking, Social Class, Multivariate Analysis

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