Battling Insulin Resistance in Elderly Obese People With Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Exercise improves insulin resistance and has beneficial effects in preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. However, aerobic exercise is hindered in many type 2 diabetic patients because of advancing age, obesity, and other comorbid conditions. Weight lifting or progressive resistance training (PRT) offers a safe and effective exercise alternative for these people. PRT promotes favorable energy balance and reduced visceral fat deposition through enhanced basal metabolism and activity levels while counteracting age- and disease-related muscle wasting. PRT improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control; increases muscle mass, strength, and endurance; and has positive effects on bone density, osteoarthritic symptoms, mobility impairment, self-efficacy, hypertension, and lipid profiles. PRT also alleviates symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in individuals with clinical depression and improves exercise tolerance in individuals with cardiac ischemic disease and congestive heart failure; all of these aspects are relevant to the care of diabetic elders. Moreover, PRT is safe and well accepted in many complex patient populations, including very frail elderly individuals and those with cardiovascular disease. The greater feasibility of using PRT over aerobic exercise in elderly obese type 2 diabetic individuals because of concomitant cardiovascular, arthritic, and other disease provides a solid rationale for investigating the global benefits of PRT in the management of diabetes.
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An increase in muscle mass from resistance training may contribute to blood glucose uptake from a mass effect, and heavy weight training in particular may reverse or prevent further loss of skeletal muscle due to disuse and aging.
“An increase in muscle mass from resistance training may contribute to BG uptake from a mass effect, and heavy weight training in particular may reverse or prevent further loss of skeletal muscle due to disuse and aging ( 34 , 276 ).”
From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [276]
Heavier weights or resistance may be needed for optimization of insulin action and BG control.
“Heavier weights or resistance may be needed for optimization of insulin action and BG control”
From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [276]
Higher amounts of aerobic exercise are linked to markedly lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
“Moderate to high volumes of aerobic activity are associated with substantially lower CV and overall mortality risks in both T1D and T2D.948,949”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [949]
The sections “Aerobic exercise as treatment for type 2 diabetes” and “Aerobic exercise and the prevention of type 2 diabetes” discuss glycemic control and diabetes incidence, not mortality. A search for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality found no passage linking aerobic-exercise volume to lower mortality in people with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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References 72 · Cited by 165
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [7]7. Fiatarone Singh MA, Ed. Boca Ra- ton, FL, CRC Press, 2000, p. 37-104
- Authors
- Willey, K. A., & Singh, M. A. F.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Tufts University (US)
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2003-05-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1580-1588
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W1967483692
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 0.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- progressive resistance training, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, muscle atrophy, visceral fat, glycemic control, muscle mass and strength, bone mineral density, osteoarthritis, frail elderly, cardiovascular disease, depression, exercise tolerance
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Life Style, Obesity, Exercise
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