Cited by 208Smoking Behavior and CessationDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Management and Research

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Smoking and Incidence of Diabetes Among U.S. Adults

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Foy, Capri Gabrielle, Bell, Ronny A., Farmer, Deborah F., Goff, David C., Wagenknecht, Lynne E.·2005·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/diacare.28.10.2501

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the association between smoking and incident diabetes among U.S. adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) was a prospective study of the associations of insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk factors. We examined the relationship between smoking status categories (never, former, and current) and incident 5-year type 2 diabetes among 906 participants free of diabetes at baseline. We also considered the effect of pack-year categories (never, former <20 pack-years, former > or = 20 pack-years, current <20 pack-years, and current > or = 20 pack-years) upon diabetes incidence. RESULTS: Of current smokers, 96 (25%) developed diabetes at 5 years, compared with 60 (14%) never smokers. After multivariable adjustment, current smokers exhibited increased incidence of diabetes compared with never smokers (odds ratio [OR] 2.66, P = 0.001). Similar results were found among current smokers with > or = 20 pack-years with normal glucose tolerance (5.66, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking shares a robust association with incident diabetes, supporting the current Surgeon General's warnings against cigarette smoking.

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Authors: Foy, C. G., Bell, R. A., Farmer, D. F., Goff, D. C., & Wagenknecht, L. E.
Affiliations: Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
ORCID: Foy, Capri Gabrielle
Bell, Ronny A.
Goff, David C.
Wagenknecht, Lynne E.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2005-10-01
Volume: 28
Issue: 10
Pages: 2501-2507
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.28.10.2501
OpenAlex: W2162899596
Cited by: 208
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 8.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
National Institutes of Health (5u01hl047890-09, 5u01hl047887-09, 5u01hl047889-09)
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U01HL047902, HL-47889, HL‐47890, HL-47902, HL47887, U01HL047892, HL 47892)
National Institute on Drug Abuse
National Center for Research Resources (M01RR01346, M01RR001346, M01-RR431)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: smoking, type 2 diabetes, diabetes incidence, pack-years, current smokers, former smokers, insulin resistance, Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study, cardiovascular risk factors, glucose tolerance
MeSH terms: Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Incidence, Prevalence, Glucose Intolerance

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Smoking and Incidence of Diabetes Among U.S. Adults

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