Cited by 933Metabolism, Diabetes, and CancerDiabetes Treatment and ManagementDiabetes Management and Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Increased Cancer-Related Mortality for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Use Sulfonylureas or Insulin

Open access

Bowker, Samantha L., Majumdar, Sumit R., Veugelers, Paul, Johnson, Jeffrey A.·2006·Diabetes Care

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—Numerous studies have identified an increased risk of cancer in type 2 diabetes. We explored the association between antidiabetic therapies and cancer-related mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes, postulating that agents that increase insulin levels might promote cancer. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a population-based cohort study using administrative databases from Saskatchewan Health. Cancer-related mortality was compared among inception cohorts of metformin users and sulfonylurea monotherapy users. Multivariate Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of cancer-related mortality, after adjusting for age, sex, insulin use, and chronic disease score. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS—We identified 10,309 new users of metformin or sulfonylureas with an average follow-up of 5.4 ± 1.9 years (means ± SD). The mean age for the cohort was 63.4 ± 13.3 years, and 55% were men. Cancer mortality over follow-up was 4.9% (162 of 3,340) for sulfonylurea monotherapy users, 3.5% (245 of 6,969) for metformin users, and 5.8% (84 of 1,443) for subjects who used insulin. After multivariate adjustment, the sulfonylurea cohort had greater cancer-related mortality compared with the metformin cohort (adjusted HR 1.3 [95% CI 1.1–1.6]; P = 0.012). Insulin use was associated with an adjusted HR of cancer-related mortality of 1.9 (95% CI 1.5–2.4; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS—Patients with type 2 diabetes exposed to sulfonylureas and exogenous insulin had a significantly increased risk of cancer-related mortality compared with patients exposed to metformin. It is uncertain whether this increased risk is related to a deleterious effect of sulfonylurea and insulin or a protective effect of metformin or due to some unmeasured effect related to both choice of therapy and cancer risk.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1558

Cites

37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients
Evans, J. M. M., Donnelly, L. A., Emslie-Smith, A. M., Alessi, D. R., & Morris, A. D. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38415.708634.f7 · Cited by 2,388
Metformin
Bailey, C. J., & Turner, R. C. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602293340906 · Cited by 1,726
Complexes between the LKB1 tumor suppressor, STRADα/β and MO25α/β are upstream kinases in the AMP-activated protein kinase cascade
Hawley, S. A., Boudeau, J., Reid, J. L., Mustard, K. J., Udd, L., Mäkelä, T. P., Alessi, D. R., & Hardie, D. G. (2003) · Journal of Biology · doi:10.1186/1475-4924-2-28 · Cited by 1,694
Efficacy of Metformin in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
DeFronzo, R. A., & Goodman, A. M. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199508313330902 · Cited by 1,368
A chronic disease score from automated pharmacy data
Korff, M. V., Wagner, E. H., & Saunders, K. W. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90016-g · Cited by 962
Insulin and colon cancer
Giovannucci, E. L. (1995) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/bf00052777 · Cited by 808
Diabetes Mellitus as a Predictor of Cancer Mortality in a Large Cohort of US Adults
Coughlin, S. S., Calle, E. E., Teras, L. R., Petrelli, J. M., & Thun, M. J. (2004) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwh161 · Cited by 795
Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. A meta-analysis
Everhart, J. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.273.20.1605 · Cited by 747
Decreased Mortality Associated With the Use of Metformin Compared With Sulfonylurea Monotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes
Johnson, J. A., Majumdar, S. R., Simpson, S. H., & Toth, E. L. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.12.2244 · Cited by 421
Self-citation
Prospective Study of Adult Onset Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women
Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Liu, S., Hunter, D. J., Colditz, G. A., Michels, K. B., Speizer, F. E., & Giovannucci, E. L. (1999) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/91.6.542 · Cited by 420

Show all 37 references

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 933

Effect of metformin on residual cells after chemotherapy in a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line
Kitazono, S., Takiguchi, Y., Ashinuma, H., Kitazono, M., Kitamura, A., Chiba, T., Sakaida, E., Sekine, I., Tada, Y., Kurosu, K., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Oncology · doi:10.3892/ijo.2013.2120 · Cited by 16
Visit-to-Visit Hemoglobin A1c Variability Is Associated With Later Cancer Development in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Saito, Y., Noto, H., Takahashi, O., & Kobayashi, D. (2019) · The Cancer Journal · doi:10.1097/ppo.0000000000000387 · Cited by 15
Metformin and Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes
Park, H. K. (2013) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2013.37.2.113 · Cited by 16
GRADE-Leitlinien: 2. Formulierung der Fragestellung und Entscheidung über wichtige Endpunkte
Langer, G., Meerpohl, J. J., Perleth, M., Gartlehner, G., Kaminski-Hartenthaler, A., & Schünemann, H. J. (2012) · Zeitschrift für Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1016/j.zefq.2012.05.018 · Cited by 15
Validity of Meta-analysis in Diabetes: We Need to Be Aware of Its Limitations
Home, P. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2449 · Cited by 15
Diabetes but not insulin is associated with higher colon cancer mortality
Tseng, C. (2012) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i31.4182 · Cited by 15
Effects of metformin versus placebo on vitamin B12 metabolism in non-diabetic breast cancer patients in CCTG MA.32
From the CCTG, A., Lohmann, A. E., Liebman, M. F., Brien, W. F., Parulekar, W. R., Gelmon, K. A., Shepherd, L. E., Ligibel, J. A., Hershman, D. L., Rastogi, P., et al. (2017) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-017-4265-x · Cited by 15
Metformin Activity against Breast Cancer: Mechanistic Differences by Molecular Subtype and Metabolic Conditions
Wahdan-Alaswad, R. S., & Thor, A. D. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.91183 · Cited by 15
Metformin and Breast Cancer Risk
Gandini, S., Guerrieri‐Gonzaga, A., Puntoni, M., & DeCensi, A. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2012.46.3596 · Cited by 15
Association between nonalcholic fatty liver disease and pancreatic cancer: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and antidiabetic medication
Sakaue, T., Terabe, H., Takedatsu, H., & Kawaguchi, T. (2024) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/hepr.14081 · Cited by 14
Metformin in gestational diabetes: physiological actions and clinical applications
Mason, T., Alesi, S., Fernando, M., Vanky, E., Teede, H. J., & Mousa, A. (2024) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-024-01049-w · Cited by 19
Metformin exerts an antitumoral effect on papillary thyroid cancer cells through altered cell energy metabolism and sensitized by BACH1 depletion
Yu, Y., Feng, C., Kuang, J., Guo, L., & Guan, H. (2022) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-021-02977-7 · Cited by 14
The role of MicroRNA networks in tissue-specific direct and indirect effects of metformin and its application
Yang, Q., Wang, G., Fang, D., Gao, X., Yu, L., Wang, L., Wu, J., Zeng, M., & Luo, M. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113130 · Cited by 14
Metformin and bladder cancer: Drug repurposing as a potential tool for novel therapy: A review
Feng, Y., Jia, B., & Shen, Z. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031635 · Cited by 15
Metformine et cancer : de nouvelles perspectives pour un ancien médicament
Loubière, C., Dirat, B., Tanti, J., & Bost, F. (2013) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2013.02.002 · Cited by 15
Role of nutrition in gastrointestinal oncological patients.
Luzio, R. D., Moscatiello, S., & Marchesini, G. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 14
Survival benefits in colorectal adenocarcinoma with the use of metformin among a black diabetic inner city population
Zhu, R. C., Rattanakorn, K., Pham, S., Mallam, D., McIntyre, T. P., Salifu, M. O., Youssef, I., McFarlane, S. I., & Vignesh, S. (2017) · Colorectal Cancer · doi:10.2217/crc-2017-0001 · Cited by 14
Insulin therapy and cancer risk in diabetes mellitus
Platts, J. K. (2010) · Clinical Medicine · doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.10-5-509 · Cited by 13
Fatty acid synthase (Fasn) inhibits the expression levels of immune response genes via alteration of alternative splicing in islet cells
Wang, K., Lin, L., Jin, J., An, Y., Wang, Z., Zhou, S., Zhang, J., Abuduaini, B., Cheng, C., & Li, N. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108159 · Cited by 13
Insulin Exerts Direct Effects on Carcinogenic Transformation of Human Endometrial Organotypic Cultures
Bishop, E. A., Lightfoot, S. A., Thavathiru, E., & Benbrook, D. M. (2014) · Cancer Investigation · doi:10.3109/07357907.2013.877479 · Cited by 12
Putting Insulin Glargine and Malignancies into Perspective
Ehninger, G., & Schmidt, A. H. (2009) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0206 · Cited by 13
Metabolic Syndrome and Breast Cancer Risk: Is There a Role for Metformin?
Ibarra-Drendall, C., Dietze, E. C., & Seewaldt, V. L. (2011) · Current Breast Cancer Reports · doi:10.1007/s12609-011-0050-8 · Cited by 13
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition inhibition by metformin reduces melanoma lung metastasis in a murine model
Veloso, É. S., de Carvalho, B. A., Silva, F. H. S., Ribeiro, T. S., Lima, B. M., Almeida, C. P., da Silva, V. H. S. R., Rocha, S. A., Campos, M. R. D. A., Puerto, H. L. D., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22235-8 · Cited by 12
HCC is associated with diabetes and longitudinal blood glucose control in a national cohort with cirrhosis
Mezzacappa, C., Mahmud, N., Serper, M., John, B. V., Taddei, T. H., & Kaplan, D. E. (2023) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1097/hc9.0000000000000344 · Cited by 12
Validation of the Survival Benefits of Metformin in Middle Eastern Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer
Al‐Omari, A., Abdelkhaleq, H., Al-Hussaini, M. A., Turfa, R., Awad, N., Hassan, M. M., Alfaqih, M. A., & Garrett, C. R. (2018) · Journal of Global Oncology · doi:10.1200/jgo.18.00018 · Cited by 12
A novel therapeutic approach to colorectal cancer in diabetes: role of metformin and rapamycin
Geagea, A. G., Rizzo, M., Jurjus, A. R., Cappello, F., Leone, A., Tomasello, G., Gracia, C., Kattar, S. A., Massaad-Massade, L., & Eid, A. A. (2019) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.26641 · Cited by 12
Metformin and thyroid carcinoma incidence and prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Wang, Z., Luo, J., Zhang, Y., Xun, P., & Chen, Z. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271038 · Cited by 12
Metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis and progression of metabolic syndrome: potential targets for improved outcomes
Berg, G. A., & Miksztowicz, V. (2015) · Metalloproteinases In Medicine · doi:10.2147/mnm.s88993 · Cited by 12
Baseline glycemic status and mortality in 241,499 Korean metropolitan subjects: A Kangbuk Samsung Health Study
Rhee, E., Park, S. E., Chang, Y., Ryu, S., & Lee, W. (2015) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.005 · Cited by 12
Combination of metformin and 9-cis retinoic acid increases apoptosis in C6 glioma stem-like cells
Songthaveesin, C., Sanongdej, W., Limboonreung, T., & Chongthammakun, S. (2018) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00638 · Cited by 12
Dual Drug-Loaded Liposomes for Synergistic Efficacy in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells
Park, H.-B., Kim, Y., Lee, S., Park, J. S., & Kim, K. (2019) · Journal of Experimental & Biomedical Sciences/Biomedical Science Letters · doi:10.15616/bsl.2019.25.2.159 · Cited by 12
Diabetes, Body Fatness, and Insulin Prescription Among Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer
Holowatyj, A. N., Viskochil, R. H., Ose, D. J., Tingey, B., Haaland, B. A., Wilson, D., Larson, M., Feltz, S., Lewis, M. A., Colman, H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology · doi:10.1089/jayao.2020.0071 · Cited by 12
The Increased Risk of Cancer in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Potential Mechanisms
Gallagher, E. J., Novosyadlyy, R., Yakar, S., & LeRoith, D. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09841-8_36 · Cited by 12
Lack of Metformin Effects on Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer under Normoglycemic Conditions: An in vitro Study
Sadighi, S., Amanpour, S., Behrouzi, B., Khorgami, Z., & Muhammadnejad, S. (2014) · Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.5.2287 · Cited by 12
Proteomic modulation in breast tumors after metformin exposure: results from a “window of opportunity” trial
Kalinsky, K. M., Zheng, T., Hibshoosh, H. H., Du, X., Mundi, P. S., Yang, J., Refice, S., Feldman, S. M., Taback, B., Connolly, E. P., et al. (2016) · Clinical & Translational Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12094-016-1521-1 · Cited by 12
Increased efficacy of metformin corresponds to differential metabolic effects in the ovarian tumors from obeseversuslean mice
Han, J., Wysham, W. Z., Zhong, Y., Guo, H., Zhang, L., Malloy, K. M., Dickens, H. K., Huh, G., Lee, D., Makowski, L., et al. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.20754 · Cited by 13
Diabetes and Cancer: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Experimental Perspectives
Tseng, C., Chen, C., & Landolph, J. R. (2012) · Experimental Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2012/101802 · Cited by 13
Prospective Study of Hyperglycemia and Cancer Risk
Bowker, S. L., & Johnson, J. A. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-0544 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
High HbA1c is a risk factor for complications after hepatectomy and influences for hepatocellular carcinoma without HBV and HCV infection
Shimada, S., Kamiyama, T., Orimo, T., Nagatsu, A., Kamachi, H., & Taketomi, A. (2021) · HepatoBiliary Surgery and Nutrition · doi:10.21037/hbsn.2020.01.03 · Cited by 11
Diabetes of the Exocrine Pancreas Related to Hereditary Pancreatitis, an Update
Ramalho, G. X., & Dytz, M. G. (2020) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-020-01299-8 · Cited by 11
Differential relationship between colorectal cancer and diabetes in a nationally representative sample of adults
Restifo, D., Williams, J. S., Garacci, E., Walker, R. J., Ozieh, M. N., & Egede, L. E. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.06.007 · Cited by 11
Tabagismo em pacientes diabéticos: predisposição às doenças crônico-degenerativas e neoplasia
Hocayen, P. D. A. S., & Malfatti, C. R. M. (2010) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · doi:10.17058/cinergis.v11i2.2056 · Cited by 10
Effects of metformin on transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles in breast cancer survivors enrolled in the randomized placebo-controlled MetBreCS trial
Panahandeh, P., Bertelsen, B.-E., Viste, K., Chatziioannou, A. C., Bellerba, F., Robinot, N. R., Trolat, A., Flågeng, M. H., Scalbert, A., Keski‐Rahkonen, P., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-01705-9 · Cited by 10
Type 2 diabetes, metformin and lactic acidosis—defining the risk and promoting safe practice
Senior, P. A. (2011) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03469.x · Cited by 10
Energy Restriction: Stepping Stones Towards Cancer Therapy
Omar, H. A., Berman-Booty, L. D., & Weng, J. (2012) · Future Oncology · doi:10.2217/fon.12.142 · Cited by 10
Impacts of pre‐existing diabetes mellitus on colorectal cancer in a mice model
Lv, Y., Lin, S., Liu, M., Wang, L., Wang, X., Cui, L., & Xu, J. (2023) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.5868 · Cited by 10
Gender Risk of Nonfatal Stroke in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Differs Depending on the Type of Treatment
Khalangot, M. D., Hu, G., Tronko, M. D., Kravchenko, V. I., & Gurianov, V. G. (2008) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2008.0854 · Cited by 10
Prevention of ER-negative breast cancer
Cazzaniga, M., & Bonanni, B. (2011) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/cej.0b013e32834c9c26 · Cited by 10
How Do We Measure Comorbidity?
Sarfati, D. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1844-2_2 · Cited by 10
Herbal product silibinin-induced programmed cell death is enhanced by metformin in cervical cancer cells at the dose without influence on nonmalignant cells
Liou, W., Chen, L.-J., Niu, H., Yang, T., Cheng, J., & Lin, K. (2014) · Journal of Applied Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.jab.2014.11.001 · Cited by 10
Poor Glycemic Control Is Associated with Failure to Complete Neoadjuvant Therapy and Surgery in Patients with Localized Pancreatic Cancer
Rajamanickam, E. S. P., Christians, K. K., Aldakkak, M., Krepline, A. N., Ritch, P. S., George, B., Erickson, B. A., Foley, W. D., Aburajab, M., Evans, D. B., et al. (2016) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11605-016-3319-4 · Cited by 10
Metformin for lung cancer prevention and improved survival: a novel approach
Roos, J. F., Qudsi, M., Samara, A., Rahim, M. M., Al-Bayedh, S. A., & Ahmed, H. (2018) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/cej.0000000000000442 · Cited by 11
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor use is associated with decreased colorectal neoplasia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving colonoscopy: a retrospective study
Horibe, Y., Adachi, S., Ohno, T., Goto, N., Okuno, M., Iwama, M., Yamauchi, O., Kojima, T., Saito, K., Ibuka, T., et al. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.18416 · Cited by 9
Risk of hypoglycemia in youth with type 2 diabetes on insulin
Shahid, M., Shaibi, G. Q., Baines, H., Garcia-Filion, P. C., Gonzalez-Garcia, Z., & Olson, M. L. (2018) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2018-0014 · Cited by 9
Exendin-4 as a Versatile Therapeutic Agent for the Amelioration of Diabetic Changes
Rajabi, H., Ahmadi, M., Aslani, S., Saberianpour, S., & Rahbarghazi‬, R. (2021) · Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.34172/apb.2022.025 · Cited by 9
In vivo and in vitro studies evaluating the chemopreventive effect of metformin on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated breast carcinogenesis
Alhoshani, A., Alotaibi, M. R., Sobeai, H. M. A., Alharbi, N., Alhazzani, K., Al‐Dhfyan, A., Alanazi, F. E., & Korashy, H. M. (2021) · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.051 · Cited by 9
Biguanide MC001, a Dual Inhibitor of OXPHOS and Glycolysis, Shows Enhanced Antitumor Activity Without Increasing Lactate Production
Fu, J., Liu, S., Hu, M., Liao, X., Wang, X., Xu, Z., Li, Q., & Quan, J. (2022) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.202100674 · Cited by 9
Diabetes and cancer: Could vitamin D provide the link?
Ahmad, S., Chowdhury, T. A., & Boucher, B. J. (2012) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.10.005 · Cited by 9
Glucose-lowering therapies and cancer risk: the trials and tribulations of trials and observations
Johnson, J. A., & Yasui, Y. (2010) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1780-2 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Age- and Sex-Specific Risks of Colorectal Cancers in Diabetic Patients
Chen, H.-F., Chen, P., Su, Y.-H., Su, H.-F., & Li, C. (2012) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.226.259 · Cited by 9
14-Year Risk of All-Cause Mortality According to Hypoglycaemic Drug Exposure in a General Population
Bérard, E., Bongard, V., Dallongeville, J., Arveiler, D., Cottel, D., Wagner, A., Ruidavets, J., & Ferrières, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095671 · Cited by 9
Insulin resistance: mechanism and implications for carcinogenesis and hepatocellular carcinoma in NASH
Montesi, L., Mazzotti, A., Moscatiello, S., Forlani, G., & Marchesini, G. (2013) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-013-9451-2 · Cited by 9
Diabetes medications and cancer risk: review of the literature.
Nguyen, Q. P. H., Sanders, L., Michael, A. P., Anderson, S. R., Nguyen, L. D., & Johnson, Z. A. (2012) · PubMed Central · Cited by 9
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin, Sulfonylurea and Advanced Fibrosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
BoonBee, G. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.4172/2155-6156.1000410 · Cited by 9
Esophageal Cancer - Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomarkers, Nutrition and Treatment
Jazii, F. R. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/1196 · Cited by 9
Role and application of hysterosalpingography and Fallopian tube recanalization.
Mallarini, G., & Saba, L. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 9
Metformin: A Dual-Role Player in Cancer Treatment and Prevention: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Rangraze, I. R., Wali, A. F., El‐Tanani, M., Patni, M. A., Rabbani, S. A., Babiker, R. A., Satyam, S. M., El‐Tanani, Y., & Rizzo, M. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61061021 · Cited by 8
Type 3c diabetes associated with chronic pancreatitis: A narrative review
Rasheed, A., Galande, S., Farheen, S., Sasikala, M., Reddy, D. N., & Talukdar, R. (2025) · Pancreatology · doi:10.1016/j.pan.2025.08.005 · Cited by 12
The effect of insulin on response to intravitreal anti-VEGF injection in diabetic macular edema in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Gurung, R. L., FitzGerald, L. M., Liu, E., McComish, B. J., Kaidonis, G., Ridge, B., Hewitt, A. W., Vote, B. J. T., Verma, N., Craig, J. E., et al. (2022) · BMC Ophthalmology · doi:10.1186/s12886-022-02325-x · Cited by 8
Impact of Diabetes on the Outcomes of Patients With Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Docetaxel: A Pooled Analysis of Three Phase III Studies
Abdel-Rahman, O. M. (2018) · Clinical Genitourinary Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.clgc.2018.09.016 · Cited by 8
Metformin is distributed to tumor tissue in breast cancer patients in vivo: A 11C-metformin PET/CT study
Sundelin, E. I. O., Al-Suliman, N. N., Vahl, P., Vendelbo, M. H., Munk, O. L., Jakobsen, S., Pedersen, S. B., Frøkiær, J., Gormsen, L. C., & Jessen, N. (2020) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-020-05621-6 · Cited by 8
Effect of Metformin in Combination With Trametinib and Paclitaxel on Cell Survival and Metastasis in Melanoma Cells
Lee, Y., & Park, D. (2021) · Anticancer Research · doi:10.21873/anticanres.14896 · Cited by 8
Advantages of the use of metformin in patients with impaired uric acid metabolism
Елисеев, М. С., Паневин, Т. С., Zhelyabina, O. V., & Nasonov, E. L. (2021) · Terapevticheskii arkhiv · doi:10.26442/00403660.2021.05.200795 · Cited by 8
Subsets of ATP‐sensitive potassium channel (KATP) inhibitors increase gap junctional intercellular communication in metastatic cancer cell lines independent of SUR expression
Bodenstine, T. M., Vaidya, K. S., Ismail, A., Beck, B. H., Diers, A. R., Edmonds, M. D., Kirsammer, G. T., Landar, A. L., & Welch, D. R. (2011) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2011.11.017 · Cited by 8
Energy Metabolism, Cancer Risk, and Cancer Prevention
Pollak, M. (2008) · Recent results in cancer research/Recent Results in Cancer Research · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69297-3_5 · Cited by 8
Red Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Seed Extract Decreased Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and Increased Muscle Glucose Uptake In Vitro
Kim, H., Cho, K. W., Jeong, J., Park, K., Ryu, Y., Moyo, K. M., Kim, H. K., & Go, G. (2018) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2017.4065 · Cited by 8
Does metformin usage improve survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma? A population-based study
Quimby, A. E., Lebo, N. L., Griffiths, R., Hall, S. F., Dimitroulakos, J., & Johnson‐Obaseki, S. (2018) · Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1186/s40463-018-0322-7 · Cited by 8
Metformin selectively targets 4T1 tumorspheres and enhances the antitumor effects of doxorubicin by downregulating the AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways
Kwon, Y., Chun, S., Nan, H., Nam, K., Lee, C., & Kim, S. Y. (2018) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2018.9827 · Cited by 7
Metformin — life begins at 50
Campbell, I. W. (2007) · The British Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1177/14746514070070051001 · Cited by 8
Gut Hormones, Obesity, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Malignancy, and Lipodystrophy Syndromes
Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-zb07 · Cited by 8
Revolutionizing ovarian cancer therapy by drug repositioning for accelerated and cost-effective treatments
Villegas‐Vázquez, E. Y., Marín-Carrasco, F. P., Reyes‐Hernández, O. D., Báez-González, A. S., Bustamante-Montes, L. P., Padilla‐Benavides, T., Granados, L. I. Q., & Figueroa‐González, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1514120 · Cited by 8
[Retracted] The Association between the Risk of Esophageal Cancer and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Meta‐Analysis
Zhou, R., Huang, C., Luo, Z., & Wang, T. (2022) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2022/8129771 · Cited by 7
Retracted
Respiratory Outcomes of Insulin Use in Patients with COPD: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Yen, F., Chang, S., Wei, J. C., Shih, Y., & Hwu, C. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16050643 · Cited by 7
Breast Tissue Biology Expands the Possibilities for Prevention of Age-Related Breast Cancers
Fresques, T., Zirbes, A., Shalabi, S., Samson, S., Preto, S., Stampfer, M. R., & LaBarge, M. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2019.00174 · Cited by 7
Towards an Integral Therapeutic Protocol for Breast Cancer Based upon the New H+-Centered Anticancer Paradigm of the Late Post-Warburg Era
Harguindey, S., Alfarouk, K. O., Orozco, J. D. P., Fais, S., & Devesa, J. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21207475 · Cited by 8
Impaired glucose metabolism treatment and carcinogenesis
Matyszewski, A., Czarnecka, A. M., Kawecki, M., KORZEŃ, P., SAFIR, I. J., Kukwa, W., & Szczylik, C. A. (2015) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2015.3324 · Cited by 7
Cancer Risk in Type 2 Diabetes
Kong, A. P. S., & Chan, J. C. N. (2012) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-012-0277-4 · Cited by 7
Diabetes, diabetes therapies and cancer: what’s the link?
Seewoodhary, J., & Bain, S. C. (2011) · The British Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1177/1474651411421024 · Cited by 7
Insulin Glargine and Cancer Risk: An Opinion Statement of the Endocrine and Metabolism Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
Edwards, K. L., Riche, D. M., Stroup, J. S., Goldman, J. D., Vellurattil, R. P., Cross, L. B., & Kane, M. P. (2010) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.30.9.955 · Cited by 6
Metformin Inhibits N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Induced Gastric Tumorigenesis in db/db Mice
Zhuang, S., Jian, Y., & Sun, Y. (2017) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-0043-100118 · Cited by 7
Metformin - more than 'gold standard' in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Marić, A. (2010) · Diabetologia Croatica · Cited by 7
Treatment of ErbB2 breast cancer by mitochondrial targeting
Eldad, S., Hertz, R., Vainer, G. W., Saada, A., & Bar‐Tana, J. (2020) · Cancer & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s40170-020-00223-8 · Cited by 7
Impact of oral hypoglycemic agents on mortality among diabetic patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A population-based analysis
Richard, P. O., Ahmad, A. E., Bashir, S., Zlotta, A. R., Bhindi, B., Leao, R. R. N., Nayan, M., Mohammed, A. A., Fleshner, N. E., & Kulkarni, G. S. (2018) · Canadian Urological Association Journal · doi:10.5489/cuaj.4870 · Cited by 7
Effects of insulin and analogues on carcinogen-induced mammary tumours in high-fat-fed rats
Mori, Y., Ko, E., Furrer, R., Lc, Q., Wiber, S. C., Fantus, I. G., Thevis, M., Medline, A., & Giacca, A. (2018) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-17-0358 · Cited by 6
Anti-diabetic, haematinic and anti-cholesterolmic effects of carrot (Daucus carota Linn.) juice metabolites to cure alloxan monohydrate induced type-1 diabetes in albino rats
Kumar, S., Shachi, K., Prasad, N. K., Dubey, N., & Dubey, U. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes Metabolic Disorders & Control · doi:10.15406/jdmdc.2020.07.00197 · Cited by 6
Synthesis and characterization of metformin conjugated magnetic nanocomposite with enhanced activity against the human carcinoma cells
Ghosh, M., Mandal, S., Paul, S., Chakrabarty, S., Roy, A., Chakrabarti, G., & Pradhan, S. K. (2023) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104781 · Cited by 6
Carbonized polymer dots derived from metformin and l -arginine for tumor cell membrane- and mitochondria-dual targeting therapy
Chen, M., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Jia, B., Liu, X., & Ma, T. (2023) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d3nr04145j · Cited by 6
Cancer biology in diabetes update: Focusing on antidiabetic drugs
Kawakita, E., & Kanasaki, K. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.14152 · Cited by 8
Use of metformin is associated with lower incidence of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes
Muszyńska-Ogłaza, A., Zarzycka-Lindner, G., Olejniczak, H., Polaszewska-Muszyńska, M., & Junik, R. (2015) · Endokrynologia Polska · doi:10.5603/ep.a2017.0054 · Cited by 7
BRAF Controls the Effects of Metformin on Neuroblast Cell Divisions in C. elegans
Qu, Z., Ji, S., & Zheng, S. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22010178 · Cited by 6

Authors: Bowker, S. L., Majumdar, S. R., Veugelers, P., & Johnson, J. A.
Affiliations: University of Alberta (CA)
ORCID: Majumdar, Sumit R.
Veugelers, Paul
Johnson, Jeffrey A.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2006-02-01
Volume: 29
Issue: 2
Pages: 254-258
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1558
OpenAlex: W2156370651
Cited by: 933
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 96 · 2012: 93
FWCI: 16.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: type 2 diabetes, cancer mortality, sulfonylureas, insulin therapy, metformin, antidiabetic drugs, cancer risk
MeSH terms: Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Metformin, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Saskatchewan, Severity of Illness Index, Sulfonylurea Compounds, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Increased Cancer-Related Mortality for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Use Sulfonylureas or Insulin

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks