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Diabetes Self-management Education and Support in Type 2 Diabetes: A Joint Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

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Powers, Margaret A., Bardsley, Joan, Cypress, Marjorie, Duker, Paulina, Funnell, Martha M., Fischl, Amy Hess, Maryniuk, Melinda D., Siminerio, Linda +1 more·2016·Clinical Diabetes
DOI 10.2337/diaclin.34.2.70PMC PMC4833481
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Abstract

Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires a person with diabetes to make a multitude of daily self-management decisions and to perform complex care activities. Diabetes self-management education and support (DSME/S) provides the foundation to help people with diabetes to navigate these decisions and activities and has been shown to improve health outcomes (1–7). Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is the process of facilitating the knowledge, skill, and ability necessary for diabetes self-care. Diabetes self-management support (DSMS) refers to the support that is required for implementing and sustaining coping skills and behaviors needed to self-manage on an ongoing basis. (See further definitions in Table 1.) Although different members of the health care team and community can contribute to this process, it is important for health care providers and their practice settings to have the resources and a systematic referral process to ensure that patients with type 2 diabetes receive both DSME and DSMS in a consistent manner. The initial DSME is typically provided by a health professional, whereas ongoing support can be provided by personnel within a practice and a variety of community-based resources. DSME/S programs are designed to address the patient’s health beliefs, cultural needs, current knowledge, physical limitations, emotional concerns, family support, financial status, medical history, health literacy, numeracy, and other factors that influence each person’s ability to meet the challenges of self-management. View this table: TABLE 1. Key Definitions It is the position of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) that all individuals with diabetes receive DSME/S at diagnosis and as needed thereafter (8). This position statement focuses on the particular needs of individuals with type 2 diabetes. The needs will be similar to those of people with other types of diabetes (type 1 diabetes, prediabetes, and gestational diabetes mellitus); however, the research and examples referred to in this article focus …

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  • Adequate management of diabetes is highly complex and challenging, necessitating a multimodal therapeutic approach to control the condition and prevent associated microvascular and cardiovascular complications.

    “Adequate management of diabetes is highly complex and challenging, necessitating a multimodal therapeutic approach to effectively control the condition and prevent associated microvascular and cardiovascular complications [3-5].”

    From Evaluation of the Impact of Mobile Health App Vitadio in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [5]

    The Conclusion (page unavailable) calls diabetes complex and burdensome and describes daily decisions about food, physical activity, and medications. The 'Critical Times to Provide Diabetes Education and Support' section recommends ongoing education for health maintenance and prevention of complications. Our copy does not specifically say that a multimodal therapeutic approach prevents both microvascular and cardiovascular complications. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Cited by

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Authors
Powers, M. A., Bardsley, J., Cypress, M., Duker, P., Funnell, M. M., Fischl, A. H., Maryniuk, M. D., Siminerio, L., & Vivian, E.
Affiliations
  • Park Nicollet Health Services (US)
  • MedStar Health Research Institute (US)
  • ABQ Health Partners, Albuquerque, NM
  • Lifescan, a Johnson & Johnson Diabetes Solutions Company, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • University of Chicago (US)
  • Joslin Diabetes Center (US)
  • University of Pittsburgh (US)
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Corresponding author
Powers, Margaret A.
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Diabetes
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
2016-04-01
Volume
34
Issue
2
Pages
70-80
ISSN
  • 0891-8929 (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-4953
DOI
10.2337/diaclin.34.2.70
PMC
PMC4833481
OpenAlex
W2287869177
Cited by
285
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 2
FWCI
21.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Clinical Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK092926)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords
diabetes self-management education, diabetes self-management support, type 2 diabetes, diabetes self-care, referral process, health literacy, numeracy, cultural needs, health beliefs, community resources, patient-centered care

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