Cited by 1,045Reinforcement Learning in RoboticsAutonomous Vehicle Technology and SafetyArtificial Intelligence in Games

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Deep Reinforcement Learning framework for Autonomous Driving

Open access
Sallab, Ahmad EL, Abdou, Mohammed, Perot, Etienne, Yogamani, Senthil·2017·Electronic Imaging

Abstract

Reinforcement learning is considered to be a strong AI paradigm which can be used to teach machines through interaction with the environment and learning from their mistakes. Despite its perceived utility, it has not yet been successfully applied in automotive applications. Motivated by the successful demonstrations of learning of Atari games and Go by Google DeepMind, we propose a framework for autonomous driving using deep reinforcement learning. This is of particular relevance as it is difficult to pose autonomous driving as a supervised learning problem due to strong interactions with the environment including other vehicles, pedestrians and roadworks. As it is a relatively new area of research for autonomous driving, we provide a short overview of deep reinforcement learning and then describe our proposed framework. It incorporates Recurrent Neural Networks for information integration, enabling the car to handle partially observable scenarios. It also integrates the recent work on attention models to focus on relevant information, thereby reducing the computational complexity for deployment on embedded hardware. The framework was tested in an open source 3D car racing simulator called TORCS. Our simulation results demonstrate learning of autonomous maneuvering in a scenario of complex road curvatures and simple interaction of other vehicles.

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015). Deep learning. Nature , 521 (7553), 436-444.
  2. Mnih, V., Heess, N., Graves, A., & others. (2014). Recurrent mod- els of visual attention. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, (pp. 2204-2212).
  3. Ondruska, P., & Posner, I. (2016). Deep tracking: Seeing beyond seeing using recurrent neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1602.00991. · arXiv
  4. Watkins, C. J. (1989). Learning from delayed rewards. Ph.D. disser- tation, University of Cambridge England.
  5. Watkins, C. J., & Dayan, P. (1992). Q-learning. Machine learning , 8 (3-4), 279-292.

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Metadata

Authors
Sallab, A. E., Abdou, M., Perot, E., & Yogamani, S.
Affiliations
  • Valeo (France) (FR)
  • Valeo (Ireland) (IE)
Venue
Electronic Imaging
Published
2017-01-29
Volume
29
Issue
19
Pages
70-76
ISSN
2470-1173 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2583993537
Cited by
1,045
References
17
Citations by year
2026: 28 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 210 · 2021: 203 · 2020: 160 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 6
FWCI
46.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Electronic Imaging (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
Funders
Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique (INRIA)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Reinforcement Learning in Robotics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence in Games
Keywords
autonomous driving, deep reinforcement learning, recurrent neural networks, attention-based models, partially observable environments, TORCS, vehicle maneuvering

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Sallab, A. E., Abdou, M., Perot, E., & Yogamani, S. (2017). Deep Reinforcement Learning framework for Autonomous Driving. Electronic Imaging. https://doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2017.19.avm-023