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Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures

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Schermelleh-Engel, Karin, Moosbrugger, Helfried, Müller, Hans·2003·Department of Psychology - University of Koblenz-Landau

DOI 10.23668/psycharchives.12784

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Abstract

For structural equation models, a huge variety of fit indices has been developed. These indices, however, can point to conflicting conclusions about the extent to which a model actually matches the observed data. The present article provides some guidelines that should help applied researchers to evaluate the adequacy of a given structural equation model. First, as goodness-of-fit measures depend on the method used for parameter estimation, maximum likelihood (ML) and weighted least squares (WLS) methods are introduced in the context of structural equation modeling. Then, the most common goodness-of-fit indices are discussed and some recommendations for practitioners given. Finally, we generated an artificial data set according to a "true" model and analyzed two misspecified and two correctly specified models as examples of poor model fit, adequate fit, and good fit.

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Authors: Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H.
Affiliations: Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
University of Erfurt (DE)
ORCID: Schermelleh-Engel, Karin
Venue: Department of Psychology - University of Koblenz-Landau
Publisher: Department of Psychology - University of Koblenz-Landau
Published: 2003
Volume: 8
Pages: 23-74
DOI: 10.23668/psycharchives.12784
OpenAlex: W1627191216
Cited by: 8,975
References: 73
Citations by year: 2026: 128 · 2025: 749 · 2024: 891 · 2023: 928 · 2022: 910 · 2021: 879 · 2020: 837 · 2019: 538 · 2018: 489 · 2017: 420 · 2016: 392 · 2015: 395 · 2014: 348 · 2013: 284 · 2012: 212
FWCI: 19.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by-sa
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode
Locations: Psychology Archives
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications
Keywords: structural equation modeling, model fit assessment, goodness-of-fit indices, significance tests, maximum likelihood estimation, weighted least squares estimation, model misspecification

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Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures

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