Biodiversity conservation under green extractivism and armed neoliberalism in Colombia
Open accessAbstract
In the context of the global climate and ecological crisis, increasing pressure on governments and the private sector to act, combined with inertia and resistance to transformative change, has led to a new form of extractivism. Green extractivism refers to actions or activities that are promoted as environmentally sustainable but that rely on or facilitate the unsustainable extraction of natural resources. Conservation tools such as environmental offsets are embraced by governments and the private sector as a solution to address the contradictions between economic development and environmental conservation. How do such conservation measures play out in places afflicted by a history of armed conflict? Examining the evolution of environmental compensation policy in Colombia and a case study of the Hidrosogamoso dam, this article explores multiple manifestations of green extractivism intertwined with armed neoliberalism. These include the creation of biodiversity and carbon sacrifice zones that facilitate the concentration of land and the capture of natural assets; the promotion of green narratives that distract from the extensive social and ecological impacts; and the use of violent tactics to quieten dissent from local communities and environmental defenders.
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Discourses presenting humans, and peasants in particular, as invaders, further entrench (neo)colonial conservation policies that enable rather than hinder green grabbing and extractivism.
“In the same vein, the author shows how discourses presenting humans, and peasants in particular, as invaders, further entrench (neo)colonial conservation policies —like offsets— that enable rather than hinder green grabbing and extractivism.”
From The political ecologies of "green" extractivism(s): An introduction (2024) · cites this paper as Feeney (2024, this Section)
The implementation of neoliberal conservation tools (e.g., environmental offsets) by government and private sector leads to the creation of carbon and biodiversity sacrifice zones necessary to secure access to natural resources as compensation mechanisms.
“Here, Feeney reveals how the implementation of neoliberal conservation tools by the government and private sector, such as environmental offsets, leads to the creation of both 'carbon' and biodiversity sacrifice zones necessary to secure access to natural resources as compensation mechanisms.”
From The political ecologies of "green" extractivism(s): An introduction (2024) · cites this paper as Feeney (2024, this Section)
Colombia's reliance on the 'greenness' of large-scale infrastructure projects diverts attention from their extractive socioecological realities, which coincide with violent tactics to suppress dissent from local communities and environmental defenders.
“Feeney illustrates how Colombia's reliance on the 'greenness' of large-scale infrastructure projects, in this case a dam, diverts attention from their extractive socioecological realities, which coincide with violent tactics to suppress dissent from local communities and environmental defenders.”
From The political ecologies of "green" extractivism(s): An introduction (2024) · cites this paper as Feeney (2024, this Section)
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The political ecologies of "green" extractivism(s): An introduction
Dunlap, A., Verweijen, J., & Tornel, C. (2024) · Journal of Political Ecology · doi:10.2458/jpe.6131 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
- Authors
- Feeney, J. K.
- Affiliations
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Feeney, Jane Kathryn
- ORCID
- Feeney, Jane Kathryn
- Venue
- Journal of Political Ecology
- Publisher
- University of Arizona
- Published
- 2024-02-19
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1073-0451 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4391349375
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 4.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Political Ecology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Extractivism and Socioeconomic Issues
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Environmental Conservation and Management
- Keywords
- green extractivism, biodiversity conservation, environmental offsets, sacrifice zones, carbon offsetting, armed conflict, environmental defenders, land concentration, resource extraction, Colombia
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