The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Effects of Two Types of Activity on the Performance of Second-, Third-, and Fourth-Grade Students on a Test of Concentration
Abstract
The appropriateness of recess in the elementary program continues to be questioned although generally it is believed to be useful by elementary principals despite a dearth of supportive data. This study was a developmental study of the effects of physical activity on concentration. Comparison of passive and directed physical education activities on the concentration of second-, third-, and fourth-grade children was made. The Woodcock-Johnson Test of Concentration showed better performance by the fourth graders and within Grade 4 in favor of the physical activity group. A structured physical activity or a classroom activity immediately prior to a concentration task was not detrimental to children in Grades 2 and 3. Fourth-grade children performed significantly better on a test of concentration after engaging in a physical activity.
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“The influence of moderators and mediators to PA, such as socioeconomic status, parental education (83), concentration (84) gender (85), personality (86), motivation, body-image, self-esteem (87), have also been shown to have an impact on AP.”
From Children's Physical Activity, Academic Performance, and Cognitive Functioning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [84]
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Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Brickenkamp R., 1962, Test d2, Aufmerksamkeits-belastungs test
- Caterino M., 1994, Iowa Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 27, 28
- Karper W. B., 1981, Journal for Special Educators, 18, 61
- Pellegrini A. D., 1991, Principal, 70, 40
- 10.2466/pms.1990.70.1.67 · DOI
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- Woodcock R. N., 1989, Standard and Supplemental Batteries
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Items 101–108 of 108
Luo, J., Wang, Z.-T., & Li, Y. (2026) · International Journal of Education and Humanities · doi:10.54097/tfjndc53
“…such as walking and cycling on academic performance is relatively subtle, they indirectly create favorable conditions for the stability and improvement of academic performance by effectively relieving students' learning pressure and improving their overall sense of happiness and mental health[9].”
Naeger, D. J., Greenwell, C., & Hums, M. A. (2024) · Journal of College Student Retention · doi:10.1177/15210251241230076
“Research has shown physical activity participation promotes physical, mental, social, and academic gains in adolescents (Caterino & Polak, 1999; Davis et al., 2007; Donnelly et al., 2016; Egger et al., 2019; Nelson & Gordon-Larsen, 2006; Rasberry et al., 2011; Tremarche et al., 2007; Wittberg et…”
Eroğlu, M., Yakşi, N., Gündoğdu, Ü., Demirkapi, E., & Degirmencioglu, E. (2023) · Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi / Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.4274/tjcamh.galenos.2022.20591 · Cited by 2
Effekte einer akuten Ausdauerbelastung auf die Inhibitionsfähigkeit bei Jugendlichen
Schott, N., Diesch, J., Holfelder, B., & Klotzbier, T. J. (2016) · Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung / Discourse Journal of Childhood and Adolescence Research · doi:10.3224/diskurs.v11i4.25601
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Functions in Childen and Adolescents : A Review
Kang, K. D., Cho, J. H., & Han, D. H. (2015) · Journal of korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.5765/jkacap.2015.26.3.143
Executive Summary: Healthier Students Are Better Learners
Basch, C. E. (2011) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00631.x · Cited by 27
Academic and behavioral effects of aerobic exercise on middle school students
Alfone, M. K. (2013) · doi:10.7282/t3qn64qh
“As I have found, few studies investigate the relationship between physical activity and student behaviors (Caterino & Polak, 1999; Diamond & Lee, 2011; Jarrett et al., 1998).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMovement and learning in lecture classrooms
Patterson, M. (2011) · doi:10.32469/10355/15790
Metadata
- Authors
- Caterino, M. C., & Polak, E. D.
- Affiliations
- West Deptford (NJ) Township School District
- Corresponding author
- Polak, Emanuel D.
- Venue
- Perceptual and Motor Skills
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1999-08
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 245-248
- ISSN
- 0031-5125 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-688X
- OpenAlex
- W2114932072
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Perceptual and Motor Skills (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- recess, physical activity, concentration, attention, elementary school students, physical education, grade level differences
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Attention, Child, Child Behavior, Discrimination, Psychological, Female, Form Perception, Humans, Male, Psychological Tests, Students, Exercise
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