Population-based evidence of a strong decline in the prevalence of smokers in Brazil (1989-2003)

Monteiro, Carlos

doi:10.2471/blt.06.039073

Cited by 298Smoking Behavior and CessationGlobal Cancer Incidence and ScreeningGlobal Public Health Policies and Epidemiology

Population-based evidence of a strong decline in the prevalence of smokers in Brazil (1989-2003)

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Monteiro, Carlos·2007·Bulletin of the World Health Organization

DOI 10.2471/blt.06.039073PMC PMC2636372

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evolution in smoking indicators in the adult Brazilian population between 1989 and 2003. METHODS: We compared age-adjusted prevalence ratios and means for smoking indicators, stratified by age, sex and sociodemographic variables, obtained from two comparable household surveys that used probabilistic sampling of the Brazilian population aged > 18 years (n = 34 808 in 1989 and n = 5000 in 2003). FINDINGS: Between 1989 and 2003, there was a substantial decrease in the prevalence of smoking (from 34.8% to 22.4%; age-adjusted prevalence ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.60-0.70) and a modest reduction in the mean number of cigarettes smoked per day (from 13.3 to 11.6; age-adjusted difference, -1.8; 95% CI, -2.6 - -1.0). Reductions in the prevalence and intensity of smoking were greater among males, younger age groups and higher socioeconomic strata. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of smoking in the adult Brazilian population declined by 35% between 1989 and 2003, or an average of 2.5% per year. This exceptional reduction surpasses those seen in other countries that implemented wide-ranging and rigorous policies for controlling smoking during the same period. The more intense decline in smoking in younger age groups was consistent with the concentration of efforts of the Brazilian tobacco control programme to prevent the onset of smoking among youths and the total prohibition of cigarette advertising. We recommend the intensification of programme initiatives targeting women and less economically favoured population strata.

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Brazil accomplished its reduction in smoking prevalence through a combination of tobacco control policies, including advertising restrictions, smoking bans, fiscal interventions, and enforcement.
“Brazil accomplished this reduction through a combination of tobacco control policies that began with advertising restrictions and smoking bans in some public places starting in 1996 and culminated with Brazil achieving the highest level of achievement in all MPOWER measures except for monitoring by 2011.”
From Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (2017) · cites this paper as [60]
The Introduction (page not provided) describes coordinated measures involving cigarette prices, advertising restrictions, and prohibitions on smoking in public places; the paper also reports a decline in smoking prevalence from 1989 to 2003. It does not establish that this combination caused the decline or document enforcement. Nor does it support the citing sentence’s 1996 start date or its claim about MPOWER measures by 2011. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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“…last decades: this downward trend has been attributed to the national regulatory and preventive actions with a possible lower mortality rate in the next three to four decades (Almeida et al., 2012; Malta et al., 2013; Monteiro et al., 2007; Observat orio da Pol ıtica Nacional de Controle do Tabaco.”
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Prevalência de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas nas capitais do Brasil - principais resultados do Vigitel 2010
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“4%.(13) Finally, in 2008, the prevalence Table 3 provides further information regarding the signs and symptoms that constitute nicotine dependence, specifically in the previous year of use.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Smoking prevalence in the 1982 birth cohort: from adolescence to adult life, Pelotas, Southern Brazil
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Prevalence and simultaneity of cardiovascular risk factors in elderly participants of a population-based study in southern Brazil.
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Authors: Monteiro, C.
Affiliations: Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
Corresponding author: Monteiro, Carlos
ORCID: Monteiro, Carlos
Venue: Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Publisher: WHO Press
Published: 2007-07-01
Volume: 85
Issue: 7
Pages: 527-534
ISSN: 0042-9686 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2471/blt.06.039073
PMC: PMC2636372
OpenAlex: W2101903408
Cited by: 298
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 10.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Bulletin of the World Health Organization (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
Keywords: smoking prevalence, tobacco use trends, smoking intensity, cigarette consumption, tobacco control, youth smoking prevention, cigarette advertising ban, gender differences in smoking, Brazil
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Brazil, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Prevalence

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Population-based evidence of a strong decline in the prevalence of smokers in Brazil (1989-2003)

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