The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Declaration of Helsinki and public health
Open accessAbstract
Public health classicsThis section looks back on a ground-breaking contribution to public health, reproduces an extract of the original text and adds a commentary on its significance from a modern perspective.To complement the theme of this month's issue, John R Williams looks at the Declaration of Helsinki and how it has evolved over time.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The investigators of the study adhered to the research ethics protocols delineated in the Declaration of Helsinki by the World Medical Association Assembly46.”
From Examining burden among caregivers of community-dwelling older adults in Lebanon (2025) · cites this paper as [46]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Gandevia, B., & Tovell, A. (1964) · PubMed · Cited by 2,069
The revision of the Declaration of Helsinki: past, present and future
Carlson, R. V., Boyd, K., & Webb, D. J. (2004) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02103.x · Cited by 723
Wolinsky, H. (2006) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400743 · Cited by 76
History and Theory of Human Experimentation: The Declaration of Helsinki and Modern Medical Ethics
Schmidt, U., & Frewer, A. (2007) · Cited by 49
Barclay, L. (2003) · Institution of Engineering and Technology eBooks · doi:10.1049/pbew502e_ch2 · Cited by 8
How should ethics be incorporated into public health policy and practice?
Coleman, C. H. (2007) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.07.044040 · Cited by 8
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Analyzing Health Equity Using Household Survey Data: A Guide to Techniques and their Implementation
O'Donnell, O., van Doorslaer, E., Wagstaff, A., & Lindelow, M. (2007) · doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-6933-3 · Cited by 1,156
Micko, A. S. G., Wöehrer, A., Wolfsberger, S., & Knosp, E. (2015) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2014.12.jns141083 · Cited by 583
Conraads, V. M., Pattyn, N., Maeyer, C. D., Beckers, P. J., Coeckelberghs, E., Cornelissen, V., Denollet, J., Frederix, G., Goetschalckx, K., Hoymans, V. Y., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.10.155 · Cited by 307
Strong Evidence for Pattern Separation in Human Dentate Gyrus
Berron, D., Schütze, H., Maass, A., Cárdenas‐Blanco, A., Kuijf, H. J., Kumaran, D., & Düzel, E. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0518-16.2016 · Cited by 299
Aznar, L. A. M., Ral, P. C., Anta, R. M. O., Martín, J. J. D., Baladia, E., Basulto, J., Serrat, S. B., Altaba, I. I., López-Sobaler, A. M., Manera, M., et al. (2013) · PubMed · doi:10.3305/nutrhosp.v28in06.6691 · Cited by 268
Metadata
- Authors
- Williams, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Williams, John
- ORCID
- Williams, John
- Venue
- Bulletin of the World Health Organization
- Publisher
- WHO Press
- Published
- 2008-08-01
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 650-651
- ISSN
- 0042-9686 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2649471
- OpenAlex
- W2032535554
- Cited by
- 986
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 16.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Bulletin of the World Health Organization (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics in Clinical Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics and bioethics in healthcare
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Issues, ethics and legal aspects › Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
- Keywords
- Declaration of Helsinki, public health, history of public health, research ethics, human subjects research, medical research ethics
- MeSH terms
- Helsinki Declaration, Humans, Human Experimentation, Public Health, Social Responsibility, Patient Selection, Personal Autonomy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
