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Breastfeeding rates in central and western China in 2010: implications for child and population health
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe breastfeeding practices in rural China using globally recommended indicators and to compare them with practices in neighbouring countries and large emerging economies. METHODS: A community-based, cross-sectional survey of 2354 children younger than 2 years in 26 poor, rural counties in 12 central and western provinces was conducted. Associations between indicators of infant and young child feeding and socioeconomic, demographic and health service variables were explored and rates were compared with the most recent data from China and other nations. FINDINGS: Overall, 98.3% of infants had been breastfed. However, only 59.4% had initiated breastfeeding early (i.e. within 1 hour of birth); only 55.5% and 9.4% had continued breastfeeding for 1 and 2 years, respectively, and only 28.7% of infants younger than 6 months had been exclusively breastfed. Early initiation of breastfeeding was positively associated with at least five antenatal clinic visits (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 3.48; P < 0.001) and negatively associated with delivery by Caesarean (aOR: 0.53; P < 0.001) or in a referral-level facility (aOR: 0.6; P = 0.014). Exclusive breastfeeding among children younger than 6 months was positively associated with delivery in a referral-level facility (aOR: 2.22; P < 0.05). Breastfeeding was not associated with maternal age or education, ethnicity or household wealth. Surveyed rates of exclusive and continued breastfeeding were mostly lower than in other nations. CONCLUSION: Despite efforts to promote breastfeeding in China, rates are very low. A commitment to improve infant and young child feeding is needed to reduce mortality and morbidity.
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In this study, 44.3% of mothers breastfed exclusively at the end of the 6th month postpartum, a larger percentage than in national and international data.
“At the same time, there is a larger percentage of mothers, in relation to national and international data [26,27,47,48], who breastfeed exclusively at the end of the 6th month postpartum (44.3%).”
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“At the same time, there is a larger percentage of mothers, in relation to national and international data [26,27,47,48], who breastfeed exclusively at the end of the 6th month postpartum (44.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Guo, S., Fu, X., Scherpbier, R. W., Wang, Y., Zhou, H., Wang, X., & Hipgrave, D. B.
- Affiliations
- United Nations Children's Fund (US)
- Peking University (CN)
- Venue
- Bulletin of the World Health Organization
- Publisher
- WHO Press
- Published
- 2013-03-23
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 322-331
- ISSN
- 0042-9686 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3646340
- OpenAlex
- W2086466568
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 7.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Bulletin of the World Health Organization (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- UNICEF
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Keywords
- breastfeeding rates, exclusive breastfeeding, early initiation of breastfeeding, breastfeeding continuation, infant and young child feeding, rural China, prenatal care, cesarean section, child health, population health
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Breast Feeding, China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Prenatal Care, Socioeconomic Factors, Time Factors
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