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Burial of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur in the modern ocean; its geochemical and environmental significance.
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“Moreover, on longer geological time scales, the deposition, burial and subduction of OC within marine sediment in plate subduction margins can play a pivotal role in the long-term carbon cycle, influencing atmospheric CO2 amounts over millions of years (Berner, 1982; Burdige, 2007; Clift, 2017).”
From Event Stratigraphy in a Hadal Oceanic Trench: The Japan Trench as Sedimentary Archive Recording Recurrent Giant Subduction Zone Earthquakes and Their Role in Organic Carbon Export to the Deep Sea (2019) · cites this paper as Berner, 1982
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Research works printed but not linked: 16
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Cao, H., Kaufman, A. J., Shan, X., Cui, H., & Zhang, G. (2016) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.02.041 · Cited by 57
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Oxygenation of the Earth aided by mineral–organic carbon preservation
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Andrews, J. E., Samways, G., Dennis, P. F., et al. (2000) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.2000.166.01.09 · Cited by 56
The influence of mussel restoration on coastal carbon cycling
Sea, M. A., Hillman, J. R., & Thrush, S. F. (2022) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.16287 · Cited by 59
“…carbon transformation and change (Chen & Borges, 2009; Najjar et al., 2018), and their sediments have been identified as major sites of carbon burial, with coastal oceans contributing to as much as 80% of total organic carbon burial (Berner, 1982; Burdige, 2007; Keil, 2017; Rabouille et al., 2001).”
BackgroundOrganic Matter in the Contemporary Ocean
Eglinton, T. I., & Repeta, D. J. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.00606-9 · Cited by 54
Age of riverine carbon suggests rapid export of terrestrial primary production in tropics
Martin, E. E., Ingalls, A. E., Richey, J. E., Keil, R. G., Santos, G. M., Truxal, L. T., Alin, S. R., & Druffel, E. R. M. (2013) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2013gl057450 · Cited by 54
“Alternatively, some CVP, along with petrogenic C, is exported to coastal environments, where marine burial of CVP represents a permanent sink for carbon over geologic timescales [Berner, 1982].”
BackgroundPetter, A. L., Steel, R. J., Mohrig, D. C., et al. (2012) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b30603.1 · Cited by 55
A Holocene history of dynamic water column redox conditions in the Landsort Deep, Baltic Sea
Hardisty, D. S., Riedinger, N., Planavsky, N. J., Asael, D., Andrén, T., Jørgensen, B. B., & Lyons, T. W. (2016) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/08.2016.01 · Cited by 55
“In general, C/S ratios for sediments above 26.75 mbsf are 5 and specifically near the 2.8 0.8 value typical for normal (oxic) marine deposition (Berner, 1982).”
BackgroundInfluentialRatnayake, A. S., Sampei, Y., Ratnayake, N. P., & Roser, B. P. (2016) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.10.024 · Cited by 54
Rassmann, J., Eitel, E. M., Lansard, B., Cathalot, C., Brandily, C., Taillefert, M., & Rabouille, C. (2020) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-17-13-2020 · Cited by 55
“, 2015), the burial of FeS becomes irreversible and thus represents a net source of alkalinity to the bottom waters (Berner, 1982; Hu and Cai, 2011a; Brenner et al., 2016).”
BackgroundLi, X., Bianchi, T. S., Allison, M. A., Chapman, P., & Yang, G. (2013) · Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · doi:10.1002/jgrg.20079 · Cited by 54
“Studies have shown that more than 80% of the OC preserved in the marine sediment occurs in these regions [Berner, 1982; Hedges and Keil, 1995] especially in large delta-front estuaries [Paerl et al., 2006] characterized by rapid sediment accumulation [Bianchi and Allison, 2009, and references…”
BackgroundThe Trace-Fossil Record of Major Evolutionary Events
Labandeira, C. C., Rodríguez-Tovar, F. J., & Uchman, A. (2016) · Topics in geobiology · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9597-5 · Cited by 54
Pyrite accumulation in salt marshes in the Eastern Scheldt, southwest Netherlands
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Model for prediction of organic carbon content in possible source rocks
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Owen, R. B. (2004) · Marine Geology · doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2004.11.004 · Cited by 53
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The Nordic Seas carbon budget: Sources, sinks, and uncertainties
Jeansson, E., Olsen, A. S., Eldevik, T., et al. (2011) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2010gb003961 · Cited by 52
“The burial rate of organic carbon in the Nordic Seas is estimated to be 0.06 ± 0.01 g C m−2 yr−1, which is a mean of the burial rates in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean (0.07 g C m−2 yr−1) and the Atlantic (0.05 g C m−2 yr−1) [Berner, 1982].”
BackgroundInfluentialBianchi, T. S., Aller, R. C., Atwood, T. B., Brown, C. J., Buatois, L. A., Levin, L. A., Levinton, J. S., Middelburg, J. J., Morrison, E. S., Regnier, P. A. G., et al. (2021) · Elementa Science of the Anthropocene · doi:10.1525/elementa.2020.00180 · Cited by 57
“Continental shelves and other ocean margin deposits cover approximately 16% of global seabed area but account for >90% of total ocean OC burial (Berner, 1982; Hedges and Keil, 1995; Burdige, 2007; Bianchi et al., 2018).”
BackgroundHu, X., Wang, C., Scott, R. W., et al. (2009) · SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) eBooks · doi:10.2110/sepmsp.091 · Cited by 52
Kuroda, J., Ohkouchi, N., Ishii, T., Tokuyama, H., & Taira, A. (2005) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.039 · Cited by 52
McKay, J. L., & Longstaffe, F. J. (2003) · Sedimentary Geology · doi:10.1016/s0037-0738(02)00233-6 · Cited by 52
Baudin, F., Stetten, E., Schnyder, J., et al. (2017) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.01.008 · Cited by 51
Zhu, Z., Campbell, I. H., Allen, C. M., Brocks, J. J., & Chen, B. (2022) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117391 · Cited by 52
Cowie, G. L., Mowbray, S., Lewis, M., et al. (2008) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.05.031 · Cited by 51
Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in suspended matter and sediments from the Godavari estuary
Sarma, V. V. S. S., Arya, J., Subbaiah, C. V., Naidu, S. A., Gawade, L., Kumar, P., & Reddy, N. P. C. (2012) · Journal of Oceanography · doi:10.1007/s10872-012-0100-5 · Cited by 50
Decadal carbon discharge by a mountain stream is dominated by coarse organic matter
Turowski, J. M., Hilton, R. G., & Sparkes, R. B. (2015) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g37192.1 · Cited by 51
“However, water-logged woody debris, with a density higher than water, is a component of FPOCbiosphere in large river systems (Bianchi et al., 2007; Hilton et al., 2015).”
BackgroundBiological benthic tools as indicators of coastal marine ecosystems health
Magni, P. (2003) · Chemistry and Ecology · doi:10.1080/02757540310001603718 · Cited by 52
“Another source of uncertainty to a general applicability of the relationships presented in this study may be the contribution of soot (black) carbon to the total organic carbon, the former usually assumed to be chemically and biologically inert in the marine environment (Berner, 1982) and shown to be largely variable…”
BackgroundHartzell, J. L., Jordan, T. E., & Cornwell, J. C. (2009) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-009-9232-2 · Cited by 51
Sulfur diagenesis and burial on the Amazon shelf: Major control by physical sedimentation processes
Aller, R. C., & Blair, N. E. (1996) · Geo-Marine Letters · doi:10.1007/bf01218830 · Cited by 51
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“Modern burial efficiency of organic carbon in the ocean is about 0.2% (Berner, 1982; Betts and Holland, 1991), resulting in modern NPP of 5 Pmol/yr.”
InfluentialLiu, X., Li, A., Fike, D. A., Dong, J., Xu, F., Zhuang, G., Fan, D., Yang, Z., & Wang, H. (2020) · Marine Geology · doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106307 · Cited by 51
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“, 2005) compared with modern marine sediments (Berner, 1982), Fe and S sequestration rates during BIF deposition were likely much higher and lower, respectively, than modern global averages.”
BackgroundSulphur cycling in organic‐rich marine sediments from a Scottish fjord
Bottrell, S. H., Mortimer, R. J. G., Davies, I. M., Harvey, S. M., & Krom, M. D. (2009) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.01024.x · Cited by 51
“…compilation 2008 International Association of Sedimentologists 1159 of reduced forms of carbon and sulphur in sediments results in the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere and near-surface environments (Berner, 1982; Schidlowski et al., 1983; Garrels & Lerman, 1984; Wortmann & Chernyavsky, 2007).”
BackgroundElectrogenic Sulfur Oxidation by Cable Bacteria in Bivalve Reef Sediments
Malkin, S. Y., Seitaj, D., Burdorf, L. D. W., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00028 · Cited by 50
“…quotient of unity, based on DOU, the sediment respiration at these sites is 49 and 126 mmolC m−2 d−1, indicating that 51–61% of the receiving Corg is retained in these sediments by 7 cm depth, which is within the burial efficiency range of 33–100% reviewed in Berner (1982) for continental shelves.”
BackgroundUranium isotopes as a proxy for primary depositional redox conditions in organic-rich marine systems
Abshire, M. L., Romaniello, S. J., Kuzminov, A., Cofrancesco, J., Severmann, S., & Riedinger, N. (2019) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115878 · Cited by 50
Ge, T., Xue, Y., Jiang, X., Zou, L., & Wang, X. (2019) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119452 · Cited by 52
Sources and preservation of organic matter in the Cretaceous Toolebuc Formation, eastern Australia
Boreham, C. J., & Powell, T. G. (1987) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/0146-6380(87)90001-5 · Cited by 50
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Phytoplankton: below the salt at the global table
Tappan, H. (1986) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1017/s0022336000022113 · Cited by 50
“Because of the relatively high continents and rapid erosional rate at present, this 1 to 2% of the net primary production of all modern terrestrial ecosystems that is eventually transported by rivers is estimated to be 3 to 4 times greater than the average for the Phanerozoic (Berner, 1982).”
BackgroundThe 405 kyr and 2.4 Myr eccentricity components in Cenozoic carbon isotope records
Kocken, I., Cramwinckel, M. J., Zeebe, R. E., et al. (2019) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-15-91-2019 · Cited by 49
“is primarily controlled by sediment accumulation (Berner, 1982; Hedges and Keil, 1995; Berner, 2006), the direct top– down control for Corg burial would be river runoff, which corresponds to seasonal precipitation patterns (see also Paillard, 2017; Zeebe et al.”
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Carbon-isotope composition of sediments from the Gulf of Papua
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Sulfate distribution and sulfate reduction in global marine sediments
Jørgensen, B. B., Egger, M., & Canfield, D. E. (2023) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2023.11.015 · Cited by 48
Erosion of organic carbon from the Andes and its effects on ecosystem carbon dioxide balance
Clark, K. E., Hilton, R. G., West, A. J., Caceres, A. R., Gröcke, D. R., Marthews, T. R., Ferguson, R., Asner, G. P., New, M. G., & Malhi, Y. S. (2017) · Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · doi:10.1002/2016jg003615 · Cited by 49
“Over longer time scales (>10(3) years), the eroded POCbiosphere may be buried in continental or marine sedimentary deposits, where it becomes a geological CO2 sink [Berner, 1982; France-Lanord and Derry, 1997; Stallard, 1998; Galy et al., 2007b; Kao et al., 2014].”
BackgroundLabile and recalcitrant sediment organic carbon pools in the Pearl River Estuary, southern China
Lian, Z., Jiang, Z., Huang, X., et al. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.389 · Cited by 48
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“Marine carbon burial is the main natural mechanism of long-term organic carbon sequestration (Berner 1982; Hedges et al.”
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Measurement and interpretation of solute concentration gradients in the benthic boundary layer
Holtappels, M., Kuypers, M. M. M., Schlüter, M., et al. (2011) · Limnology and Oceanography Methods · doi:10.4319/lom.2011.9.1 · Cited by 47
“More than 90% of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus bound to deposited organic material that reaches the sediment surface is mineralized and released to the overlying water column to fuel new primary production (Berner 1982).”
BackgroundRontani, J., Charrìère, B., Petit, M., Vaultier, F., Heipieper, H. J., Link, H., Chaillou, G., & Sempéré, R. (2012) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-9-3513-2012 · Cited by 48
“River-dominated shelves are some of the most important sites of organic carbon (OC) burial in the marine environment (Berner, 1982; Hedges and Keil, 1995).”
BackgroundA revised seawater sulfate oxygen isotope record for the last 4 Myr
Markovic, S., Paytan, A., Li, H., & Wortmann, U. G. (2015) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.12.005 · Cited by 45
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Temporal variability in composition and fluxes of Yellow River particulate organic matter
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“In the Yellow River, relatively high abundance-weighted average D14C values of C16 and C18 n-FAs (D 14C16 1 18FA: 144& to 285&, ave., 220&) imply an origin from a relatively labile and fast S128 turnover (decades) biogenic material pool that is only slightly lower than D14C of atmospheric CO2.”
BackgroundInfluentialKirkels, F. M. S. A., Ponton, C., Galy, V., et al. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2019jg005270 · Cited by 47
“The transport of organic carbon (OC) from soils to sea via rivers is a key process in the global carbon cycle, as terrestrial biospheric OC serves as a long‐term sink of photosynthetically fixed CO2 upon fluvial discharge and burial in marine sediments (Berner, 1982).”
BackgroundZou, D., Pan, J., Liu, Z., Zhang, C., Liu, H., & Li, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00285 · Cited by 47
“, 2008), because they are capable of degrading diverse organic compounds mainly deposited from water column and land (Berner, 1982; Wollast, 1991; Sundby et al., 1993).”
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“The sequestration of organic carbon (OC) on continental shelves − ~90% of the global OC burial in the ocean − contributes to the regulation of atmospheric CO2 concentrations over geological time scales (Berner, 1982; Hedges et al., 1997; Aller and Blair, 2006; Blair and Aller, 2012; Bauer et al., 2013; Bianchi et al.,…”
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“4×1018 mol; Berner & Beerling (2007) use a value of 1.76×1018 mol carbon for the total integrated release; and Paris et al. (2012) use, in addition to the value of Berner & Beerling (2007), a low value of 1.”
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Woulds, C., Bouillon, S., Cowie, G. L., et al. (2016) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-13-4343-2016 · Cited by 44
“Of all marine benthic environments, estuarine (particularly fjordic) and shelf sediments host the largest proportion of marine sediment C burial (Berner, 1982; Duarte et al., 2005, Smith et al., 2015).”
Liu, X., Zhang, M., Li, A., et al. (2021) · Continental Shelf Research · doi:10.1016/j.csr.2021.104510 · Cited by 44
Kumar, A., Kurian, P. J., Warrier, A. K., et al. (2015) · Geoscience Frontiers · doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2015.05.001 · Cited by 44
“The burial of OC in marine sediments is closely linked to the biogeochemical cycling of elements like nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, iron and manganese (Berner, 1982; Hartnett et al., 1998).”
BackgroundNature of organic matter in rivers with deep sea connections: The Ganges-Brahmaputra and Indus
Ittekkot, V., Safiullah, S., & Arain, R. (1986) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/0048-9697(86)90080-x · Cited by 44
Oceanic loading of wildfire‐derived organic compounds from a small mountainous river
Hunsinger, G. B., Mitra, S., Warrick, J. A., & Alexander, C. (2008) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2007jg000476 · Cited by 44
“, ‘carbon sequestration’, is one of the keys to understanding current and ancient atmospheric oxygen and CO2 cycles [Berner, 1982].”
BackgroundMagnetic mineral diagenesis in the river‐dominated inner shelf of the East China Sea, China
Ge, C., Zhang, W., Dong, C., Dong, Y., Bai, X., Liu, J., Hien, N. T. T., Feng, H. D., & Yu, L. (2015) · Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth · doi:10.1002/2015jb011952 · Cited by 44
“8 for typical marine sediments, also implies a low degree of pyritization compared to other marine and coastal environments [Berner, 1982].”
BackgroundLong-term controls on ocean phosphorus and oxygen in a global biogeochemical model
Palastanga, V., Slomp, C. P., & Heinze, C. (2011) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2010gb003827 · Cited by 44
“Based on Berner [1982], we prescribe an input of 0.7 Gt a − 1 of clays over the ocean region with depths greater than 500 m (see Figure 2a).”
InfluentialArgentino, C., Waghorn, K. A., Vadakkepuliyambatta, S., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83542-0 · Cited by 43
Paytan, A., Martı́nez-Ruiz, F., Gonneea, M. E., Ivy, A. C., & Wankel, S. D. (2004) · Geological Society of America eBooks · doi:10.1130/0-8137-2379-5.151 · Cited by 44
“Sedimentary sulfi de formation is more abundant in shelf, deltaic, estuarine, and hemipelagic muds than in the deep ocean (Berner, 1982).”
BackgroundInfluentialBenthic dynamics and carbon fluxes on the NW European continental margin
van Weering, T. C. E., de Stigter, H., Balzer, W., et al. (2001) · Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography · doi:10.1016/s0967-0645(01)00037-6 · Cited by 43
Makled, W. A., & Mandur, M. M. M. (2016) · Marine and Petroleum Geology · doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.02.011 · Cited by 42
Microbial dormancy as an ecological and biogeochemical regulator on Earth
Bradley, J. A. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59167-6 · Cited by 47
Baumgart, A., Jennerjahn, T. C., Mohtadi, M., & Hebbeln, D. (2009) · Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers · doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2009.12.002 · Cited by 43
Gilhooly, W., Fike, D. A., Druschel, G. K., Kafantaris, F.-C. A., Price, R. E., & Amend, J. P. (2014) · Geochemical Transactions · doi:10.1186/s12932-014-0012-y · Cited by 42
“coupled to organic matter mineralization [2,3].”
Linking nutrient loading and oxygen in the coastal ocean: A new global scale model
Reed, D. C., & Harrison, J. A. (2016) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1002/2015gb005303 · Cited by 41
Bao, H., Lee, T., Huang, J., Feng, X., Dai, M., & Kao, S. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep16217 · Cited by 41
Li, N., Yang, X., Peng, J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Asian Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.10.022 · Cited by 42
Lyu, Z., Zhang, L., Algeo, T. J., Zhao, L., Chen, Z., Li, C., Ma, B., & Ye, F. (2019) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.01.010 · Cited by 42
Enhanced benthic activity in sandy sublittoral sediments: Evidence from13C tracer experiments
Bühring, S. I., Ehrenhauss, S., Kamp, A., et al. (2006) · Marine Biology Research · doi:10.1080/17451000600678773 · Cited by 42
“Most of the deposited material is directly mineralized in these sediments (Berner 1982; Jahnke et al. 2000), causing low organic carbon contents and emphasizing the prominent role of the continental”
BackgroundSulfate reduction in marine sediments from the Baltic Sea-North Sea Transition
Jørgensen, B. B. (1989) · Ophelia · doi:10.1080/00785326.1989.10430847 · Cited by 42
LEEDER, M. R., Raiswell, R., Al-Biatty, H. J., McMahon, A., & Hardman, M. (1990) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/gsjgs.147.2.0287 · Cited by 42
Pleistocene sediment offloading and the global sulfur cycle
Markovic, S., Paytan, A., & Wortmann, U. G. (2015) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-12-3043-2015 · Cited by 42
“Furthermore, the measured content of pyrite sulfur in shelf sediments is highly variable (0.1–1.5 wt%; Berner, 1982).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWakeham, S. G., & McNichol, A. P. (2014) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-11-6895-2014 · Cited by 43
“The dynamics of sources, sinks and processes that control the burial of organic carbon (OC) in marine sediments have important implications for the global carbon cycle, paleoceanographic reconstructions and understanding climate variability (Berner, 1982; Hedges and Keil, 1995; Burdige, 2007; Zonneveld et al., 2010).”
BackgroundEiríksdóttir, E. S., Gíslason, S. R., & Oelkers, É. H. (2015) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.06.005 · Cited by 41
Metadata
- Authors
- Berner, R. A.
- Corresponding author
- Berner, R. A.
- Venue
- American Journal of Science
- Publisher
- American Journal of Science (AJS)
- Published
- 1982-04-01
- Volume
- 282
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 451-473
- ISSN
- 0002-9599 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2049621326
- Cited by
- 1,200
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 14.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Keywords
- organic carbon burial, pyrite sulfur, marine sediment, marine geochemistry, marine environment, sulfur cycling
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