Shinfuseki: Go’s Modern Revolution?

May combine two claims.

The game between Go Seigen and Hon'inbō Shūsai began in November 1933, was sponsored by the Yomiuri Shinbun to celebrate its twenty thousandth issue, and in it Go played all three signature shinfuseki points: 3-3, 4-4, and tengen.

“Alongside the autumn Ōteai tournament, the second major venue in which shinfuseki was played out was a game that also began in November 1933, played between Go Seigen and Hon'inbō Shūsai.”

• Also stated in: § Old Against New: Hon'inbō Shūsai Versus Go Seigen · plain

  “This game was sponsored by the newspaper the Yomiuri Shinbun and designed to celebrate its twenty thousandth issue.”

• Also stated in: § Old Against New: Hon'inbō Shūsai Versus Go Seigen · plain

  “Go had played all three of the signature shinfuseki points.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In the postwar period, Segoe Kensaku told a journalist that move 160 had allegedly been the discovery of Maeda Nobuaki rather than Shūsai.

“In the postwar period Go Seigen's mentor, Segoe Kensaku, told a journalist an open secret within the ranks of senior players: move 160 had allegedly been the discovery, not of Shūsai himself, but of one of his pupils, Maeda Nobuaki (1907-1975).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The term shinfuseki took on a life of its own, being used by commentators to mean a revolutionary rethinking in fields such as lumber, cinema, and electricity generation.

“In later years, the term shinfuseki would take on a life of its own: commentators calling for or describing a shinfuseki -by which they meant a revolutionary rethinking -in the lumber industry, in cinema, in electricity generation, and more besides.”

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

Kitani and Go's innovations were built upon a foundation of other players' experiments and grew out of prior experiments and strategic innovations.

“Firstly, Kitani and Go's innovations were built upon a foundation of other players' experiments”

• Also stated in: § Abstract · plain

  “Shinfuseki grew out of a range of prior experiments and strategic innovations”

May combine two claims.

Shinfuseki was tied to other developments such as changing expectations surrounding the norms and rules of the game, as well as the new ways in which go was presented to the wider public.

“and indeed was tied to other developments such as changing expectations surrounding the norms and rules of the game, as well as the new ways in which go was presented to the wider public.”

May combine two claims.

The book Igo Kakumei - Shinfusekihō was released in January 1934, was a major hit, reportedly reprinted ten times, selling a hundred thousand copies, spawning a sequel, and firmly establishing the idea of the shinfuseki revolution.

“This, released in January 1934, was a major hit, reportedly reprinted ten times, selling a hundred thousand copies, spawning a sequel Shinfuseki Jissen (”

May combine two claims.

On 15 January only four moves, moves 156 to 159, were played, with Shūsai stopping play rather than play move 160.

“The 15 th January saw only four (moves 156 to 159), Shūsai stopping play rather than play move 160.35”

• cites [35]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Shinfuseki attracted amateur and professional players alike.

“attracted amateur and professional players alike”

May combine two claims.

By the end of the autumn 1933 Ōteai tournament, many of Kitani and Go's peers had started to adopt the innovations, while others argued against them, and amateur players eagerly followed the debates or sought to introduce the new moves to their own play.

“By the end of the tournament, two months later, many of their peers had started to adopt the innovations, while others argued against them, and amateur players eagerly followed the debates or sought to introduce the new moves to their own play.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

By the early twentieth century the professional go world was a mix of new structures and those held over from the Tokugawa period.

“By the early twentieth century the professional go world was a mix of new structures and those held over from the Tokugawa period.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The spring 1934 tournament saw increasing experiment and even perhaps playfulness, with the shinfuseki style spreading.

“The spring tournament of 1934 saw increasing experiment and even perhaps playfulness, with the shinfuseki style spreading.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Go was shaping to make a reasonably large amount of central territory in the bottom left corner, growing out of the tengen and 4-4 stones he had played in the opening.

“Go was shaping to make a reasonably large amount of central territory in the bottom left corner of the board, roughly growing out of the tengen and 4-4 stones he had played in the opening.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Shinfuseki represented a relaxation in the range of places to play first in a corner.

“At its most simple, then, shinfuseki represented just a relaxation in the range of places to play first in a corner.”

May combine two claims.

Shūsai determined when play would end for the day, which allowed him to pause at difficult moments, take research away from the board and off the clock, and potentially discuss the position with his pupils.

“Specifically, Shūsai was the one who determined when play would end for the day; this allowed him to pause the game at moments of particular difficulty, taking his research away from the board (& off the clock), potentially even to discuss the position with his coterie of pupils.”

May combine two claims.

Go initially started off playing the 3-3 point in both corners, but experimented more widely over time with a range of different variations.

“For his part, Go initially started off playing the 3-3 point in both corners (something his mentor Segoe later described as inconsistent with the other ideas of shinfuseki), but experimented more widely over time with a range of different variations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Takahashi argued that no one really knew whether Shūsai had already seen the move himself, or whether Maeda conveyed it to him.

“Takahashi argued that no one really knew whether Shūsai had already seen the move himself, or even whether Maeda conveyed it to him.36”

• cites [36]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

1933 was seen at the time as a moment of dramatic change.

“while 1933 was certainly seen at the time as a moment of dramatic change”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Revealing the attribution of move 160 in 1948 cost Segoe his management position within the Nihon Kiin.

“Revealing this in 1948 cost Segoe his management position within the Nihon Kiin, but the claim remained contested:”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The 1930s was a period in which less formal norms surrounding how the game was played were also changing.

“the 1930s was a period in which less formal norms surrounding how the game was played were also changing”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Shinfuseki helped to reshape the way the game of go was played.

“helped to reshape the way that the game was played.”

May combine two claims.

On 4 December, only two moves were played: Shūsai played move 108, which he had prepared during the weeklong recess, Go responded after two minutes, and Shūsai thought for two hours before suspending play again without response.

“Most strikingly, on 4 December, only two moves were played -reportedly, Shūsai played move 108 (which he had prepared during the weeklong recess since the last meeting), Go responded after two minutes, and then Shūsai thought for two hours before suspending play again without response.34”

• cites [34]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Kitani and Go spent time at Jigokudani Onsen, Nagano, working on new ideas of opening play.

“So it was that later that summer the two spent time sitting over a board in Kitani's in-laws' inn, thrashing out new ideas of opening play.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

After move 160, progress was rapid, taking only two further sessions to complete the remaining ninety-two moves.

“After move 160, progress was rapid, taking only two further sessions to complete the remaining ninety two moves.”

May combine two claims.

In the autumn 1933 Ōteai tournament, Kitani played and won with his new style in the first round.

“Back in Tokyo that autumn, the two put their new ideas into effect.Go Seigen had a bye in the first round of the Ōteai tournament (his opponent was sick), but Kitani played (and won) with his new style”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Shinfuseki was initially controversial.

“Initially controversial, shinfuseki as the style came to be known”

May combine two claims.

In the Yomiuri match, Go Seigen held black and thus the first mover's advantage, while Shūsai retained the established privileges of multi-day games.

“While Go Seigen held black, and hence the first mover's advantage, Shūsai retained established privileges of multi-day games.”

May combine two claims.

Go Seigen was undefeated to win the autumn 1933 Ōteai league; Kitani had six wins and one loss, securing his promotion to six dan; and a handful of other young professionals adopted something resembling the new style.

“By the end of the final round, Go was undefeated to win the league, Kitani had a six wins and one loss record (sufficient to secure his promotion to six dan), and a handful of other young professionals were adopting something resembling the new style.”

May combine two claims.

Go Seigen played his first move at the 4-4 point in three games of the spring Ōteai, but otherwise black opening at the 4-4 point tended to be restricted to odd games where one or more corners remained unoccupied until comparatively late.

“Go Seigen, at this point still the lone figure really experimenting with his opening, played his first move at the 4-4 point in three games of the spring Ōteai, but otherwise black opening at the 4-4 point tended to be restricted to odd games where one or more corner remained unoccupied until comparatively late in the game”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Shūsai's opponent in his final professional game was Kitani Minoru, by then ranked seven dan.

“This time his opponent was Kitani Minoru, by then ranked seven dan.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Yasunaga Hajime was the editor of the Nihon Kiin's house magazine Kidō, a prolific go journalist, and the self-styled 'strongest amateur player in Japan.'

“Yasunaga was the editor of the Nihon Kiin's house magazine Kidō, a prolific go journalist, and the self-styled”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The bulk of Igo Kakumei appears to have been written by the third named author, Yasunaga Hajime.

“The bulk of the work appears to have been written by the third named author, Yasunaga Hajime.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Games in which black started at the central point had been recorded as early as the 1670s, with infrequent occurrences thereafter.

“Games in which black started at the central point had been recorded as early as the 1670s, with infrequent occurrences thereafter.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The bulk of both books outlined their arguments with very similar schematic analysis of the board, lines of influence, and different ranks higher or lower on the board.

“Moreover, the bulk of both books outlined their arguments with very similar schematic analysis of the board, lines of influence, and different ranks higher or lower on the board.”

May combine two claims.

Kubomatsu was intrigued by tengen and engaged with its pre-Shōwa history, but tengen was not being played to a significant degree by him or anyone else before 1934.

“So to summarize, Kubomatsu was intrigued by the idea, and engaged with its pre-Shōwa history, but essentially it wasn't being played to a significant degree by him or anyone else.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The Go-Kosugi game was the first game Go had played in the autumn, while Kitani had only played one game in the Ōteai, so the evidence of their new ideas was very limited, yet Kosugi, holding black and moving first, launched into a new opening of his own.

“It was the first game that Go had played in the autumn, while Kitani had only played one game in the Ōteai, so the evidence of their new ideas was very limited, and yet Kosugi, holding black so moving first, launched into a new opening of his own.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Go Seigen found himself forced to challenge others' understandings of what was meant by shinfuseki.

“Go Seigen found himself forced to challenge others' understandings of what was meant by shinfuseki:”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In making their argument for balanced and harmonious coordination of opening play, Go and Kitani made reference to the East Asian classic, the doctrine of the mean.

“In making this argument for the balanced and harmonious coordination of opening play, they made reference to the East Asian classic, the doctrine of the mean.48”

• cites [48]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

While Yasunaga argued that twentieth-century communications media permitted a more efficient sharing of ideas, both Shūsai and his pupils took aim at journalism as one key culprit behind the cult of the new.

“While Yasunaga argued that twentieth century communications media now permitted a more efficient sharing of ideas, both Shūsai and his pupils took aim at 'journalism' as one key culprit behind the cult of the new (presumably a fairly transparent criticism of Yasunaga).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

There is a very close parallel in the approaches of the pro-shinfuseki book Igo Kakumei and the main work arguing against shinfuseki, Datō-Shinfusekihō.

“There is a very close parallel in the approaches of the pro-shinfuseki book Igo Kakumei and the main work arguing against shinfuseki, Datō-Shinfusekihō.”

May combine two claims.

In the years following 1933, the precise meaning of the shinfuseki style came to be seen as emphasizing pace, scale, and the center of the board, but reading what was written at the time reveals slight differences in interpretation.

“In the years following 1933, the precise meaning of the shinfuseki style have come to be seen as emphasizing pace, scale and the center of the board but reading what was written at the time reveals some slight differences in interpretation.46”

• cites [46]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The autumn of 1933 was the moment in which the new style exploded into go playing consciousness, both among professional players and the wider public, and became a wider phenomenon that raised the game's profile nationwide.

“There is no doubt that the autumn of 1933 was the moment in which the new style exploded into the go playing consciousness, both among the professional players and the wider public, nor indeed that this became a wider phenomenon which raised the game's profile nationwide.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Datō-Shinfusekihō was written by two of Shūsai's pupils and carried an introduction by Shūsai himself.

“This latter was written by two of Hon'inbō Shūsai's pupils, and carried an introduction by Shūsai himself.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The 1938 game lasted over several sessions, but Kitani had insisted on the introduction of a sealed move system to prevent the sort of advantage that Shūsai had benefited from against Go Seigen five years earlier.

“Again the game lasted over several sessions, but Kitani had insisted on the introduction of a sealed move system to prevent the sort of advantage that Shūsai had benefitted from against Go Seigen five years earlier.”

May combine two claims.

Go Seigen's game in round two of the 1933 Autumn Ōteai against Kosugi Tei is one of the most famous shinfuseki games, remarkable because both players adopted very unorthodox openings: Kosugi with twin 3-3 points and then tengen, and Go with two 4-4 points.

“As mentioned above, Go Seigen's game in round two of the 1933 Autumn Ōteai against Kosugi Tei is one of the most famous shinfuseki games, remarkable because both players adopted very unorthodox openings (Kosugi with twin 3-3 points & then tengen, Go with two 4-4 points, developing into an extended, expansive and innovative game).44”

• cites [44]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). The quote only partly states this claim.

Shūsai won the Yomiuri match by two points.

“Shūsai won by two points.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

In the introduction to Igo Kakumei -Shinfusekihō, Go and Kitani argued that the asymmetry of the conventional 3-4, 5-4, and 5-3 points gave them an inherent directional bias that violated the principles of correct play, and that the balance of a 4-4 or 3-3 point was therefore correct.

“In the introduction to the key book of the shinfuseki revolution, Igo Kakumei -Shinfusekihō, they argued that the asymmetry of the conventional 3-4, 5-4, and 5-3 points gave them an inherent directional bias which violated the principles of correct play, and the balance of a 4-4 or 3-3 point was therefore correct.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The book Igo Kakumei flagged Yasui's game as an example of failing to develop the fuller game in harmony with the opening moves, arguing that although it had move one at tengen, it was not played in a true tengen style.

“The book Igo Kakumei flagged Yasui's game as an example of failing to develop the fuller game in harmony with the opening moves, arguing that while it was a game with move one at tengen, it was not a game played in a true tengen style.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Turning five dan was the midpoint of the nine-dan professional grading system and marked a turning point in that an increasing proportion of Go and Kitani's games would be played with white stones rather than black.

“As mentioned, this was the midpoint of the nine dan professional grading system, and so marked a turning point in that an increasing proportion of their games would be played with the white stones, rather than black.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

A survey of top players in March 1934 found almost all keen to stress that it was too early to tell whether the new style was an improvement on the old, and many also argued that Kitani and Go's dramatic winning records were more a measure of their personal prowess than the final word on the new approach.

“A survey of top players in March 1934 saw almost all keen to stress that it was too early to tell whether the new style was an improvement on the old or not, and many also arguing that Kitani and Go's dramatic winning records were more a measure of their personal prowess than it was the final word on the new approach.45”

• cites [45]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Go Seigen started to experiment with the 3-3 point at the start of 1933 and was essentially playing shinfuseki-style opening moves for the whole of the year, even writing a series of articles in Kidō about his aims and expectations.

“He had started to experiment with the 3-3 point in particular at the start of 1933, and was essentially playing shinfuseki style opening moves for the whole of the year, even writing a series of articles in the Nihon Kiin magazine Kidō about his aims and expectations.”

May combine two claims.

Tracing Kitani's games of 1933 suggests that his first attempts at a new style came in the autumn, first in two newspaper-sponsored win-and-continue tournaments and then in the Ōteai league.

“By contrast, tracing Kitani's games of 1933 suggests that his first attempts at a new style did inded come in the autumn, firstly two games in newspaper sponsored”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Although Yasunaga was a firm advocate of the new opening style, he had strong ties to Hon'inbō Shūsai, to the extent that he was a sometime participant in the gatherings of Shūsai's pupils during the Yomiuri Game against Go Seigen.

“Although he was a firm advocate of the new opening style, he had strong ties to Hon'inbō Shūsai (to the extent that Yasunaga was a sometime participant in the gatherings of Shūsai's pupils that took place during the Yomiuri Game against Go Seigen).49”

• cites [49]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

By 1934 the readiness of other professionals to experiment was clear, but even in autumn 1933 other players were jumping on board.

“By 1934 this was clear, but even in the autumn of 1933 other players were jumping on board.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Where Igo Kakumei and Datō-Shinfusekihō disagreed was in the implications of their analysis and their interpretation of the trajectory of go theory.

“Where they disagreed, of course, was in the implications of their analysis, and their interpretation of the trajectory of go theory.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

As with the Yomiuri Shinbun game against Go Seigen, Shūsai held white stones and there was no komi to offset black's first-move advantage.

“As with the Yomiuri Shinbun game against Go Seigen, he held white stones and there was no komi to offset black's first move advantage.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

In 1938, Hon'inbō Shūsai played his final professional game.

“In 1938, Hon'inbō Shūsai played his final professional game.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Both Igo Kakumei and Datō-Shinfusekihō were closely engaged with the history of opening play in the Tokugawa and Meiji periods.

“Both books were closely engaged with the history of opening play in the Tokugawa and Meiji periods.”

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

Some leading players were cautiously positive about shinfuseki, while others were more resistant; chief among the resistant camp was Hon'inbō Shūsai, who expressed a desire that players not simply be attracted to what is new.

“Some of the leading players were cautiously positive (”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Hon'inbō Shūsai pointed to tengen games and Shūei's innovation of the 4-4 point with white as evidence that there was little truly new about shinfuseki, and that what was new was owed to Shūei and others rather than to Go and Kitani.

“By contrast, Hon'inbō Shūsai sniffily pointed to this and other tengen games and Shūei's innovation of the 4-4 point with white as evidence that there was little truly new about shinfuseki, and what there was, was owed to Shūei and others rather than the two young upstarts.40”

• cites [40]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

On the question of history and the new, Yasunaga argued that the game had become hamstrung by a belief in the power of precedence and a suspicion of new ideas, whereas Shūsai expressed concern that the modern era was infatuated with novelty.

“In particular, on the question of history and the new, Yasunaga argued that the game had become hamstrung by a belief in the power of precedence and a suspicion of new ideas,foot_7 whereas by contrast, Shūsai expressed a concern that the modern era was one infatuated with novelty.51”

• cites [51]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Go Seigen and Kitani Minoru both turned five dan in 1933.

“Go Seigen and Kitani Minoru both turned five dan in 1933.”

May combine two claims.

In 1934, inspired by the shinfuseki moment, Kubomatsu decided to try tengen; he played it first in a radio match of January/February 1934 and then used it in all his games holding black in the spring Ōteai league.

“Then in 1934, inspired by the shinfuseki moment, Kubomatsu decided to try tengen out after all.He played it first in a radio match of January/February 1934, and then used it in all of his games holding black in the spring Ōteai league.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The 3-3 point seems essentially never to have been played before 1933, whereas both the 4-4 point and tengen have longer track records.

“Although the 3-3 point seems to have essentially never have been played before 1933, both the 4-4 point and tengen longer track records.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

In 1936, Shūsai formally transferred the Hon'inbō title to the Nihon Kiin rather than seek to nominate a successor.

“In 1936, Shūsai had formally transferred the Hon'inbō title over to the Nihon Kiin, rather than seek to nominate a successor.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The 1938 Shūsai-Kitani game was the inspiration for Kawabata Yasunari's novel Meijin, which he worked on recursively in the 1940s and 1950s.

“This game was the inspiration for Kawabata Yasunari's novel, Meijin, which he worked on recursively in the 1940s and 1950s.56”

• cites [56]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The 3-3 and especially 4-4 points were integrated into regular opening play, and although Go and Kitani had argued that the conventional opening moves of komoku, mokuhazushi, and takamoku were counter to fundamental principles, those moves never went away.

“However, the 3-3 and especially 4-4 points were integrated into regular opening play, and although Go and Kitani had argued that the conventional opening moves of komoku, mokuhazushi and takamoku, were counter to fundamental principles, they never went away.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

In subsequent decades all of these moves were combined and a series of other new approaches, akin to Kitani's favorite three-star-point formations, became popular, focusing on developing broad, board-wide positions.

“Rather, in subsequent decades all of these moves were combined and a series of other new approaches, akin to Kitani's favorite three star point formations, became popular, focusing on developing broad, board-”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

After Shūsai died, the Nihon Kiin converted the Hon'inbō name from a hereditary position to the title of a competition, which continues to be competed for today.

“After he died, the Nihon Kiin converted the Hon'inbō name from a hereditary position to the title of a competition, which continues to be competed for today.”

May combine two claims.

The most extreme experiments of the shinfuseki era, such as the 5-5 point, proved a temporary effervescence, and tengen as an opening move went back to being at most an occasional experiment.

“The most extreme experiments of the shinfuseki era -the 5-5 point, for exampleproved a temporary effervescence, and tengen as an opening move went back to being at most an occasional experiment.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

For Kawabata, the 1938 game was a story of transition from one age to another, the end of a go scene in which the Hon'inbō embodied all the values of a traditional Japanese cultural form, and the triumph of one organized along more prosaic lines.

“For Kawabata it was a story of transition from one age to another, the end of a go scene in which the Hon'inbō embodied all the values of a traditional Japanese cultural form, and the triumph of one organized along more prosaic lines.”

May combine two claims.

In later years the rules were changed, at least in part as a result of the Yomiuri match, so that play would last for a pre-determined length of time, and a sealed move system was established.

“In later years the rules were changed (at least in part as a result of this match) so that play would last for a pre-determined length of time, and a system of”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Move 160, when it came on the resumption of the game on 22 January, is the most famous move of the game.

“Move 160, when it came on the resumption of the game on 22 January, is the most famous move of the game.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

What made shinfuseki a consequential innovation was the ways in which subsequent play would develop in order to make sense of the initial moves.

“what made it a consequential innovation was the ways in which subsequent play would develop in order to make sense of these initial moves.”

May combine two claims.

Go Seigen's recollection of Okura Kishiichirō's intervention in the week before move 160 suggests that there was a sense something potentially controversial was afoot and that old certainties about how the game should be played were no longer unquestioned.

“In later years, Go Seigen recalled a slightly strange intervention by his patron, Okura Kishiichirō, in the week before move 160 was played, suggestive that there was a sense that something potentially controversial was afoot, that old certainties about how the game should be played were no longer unquestioned.37”

• cites [37]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Playing at tengen does not necessarily represent an intention to focus on the middle at the expense of the corners, but rather setting up a point that can project power across the board.

“Consequently, despite lying at the very center of the board, playing at tengen does not necessarily represent an intention to focus on the middle at the expense of the corners but rather setting up a point that can project power across the board.”

May combine two claims.

A normal means of limiting the size of Go's central area would be an incremental move from the nearest white stones on the edge, whereas move 160 was an unexpected jump into the center that revealed a weakness in Go's position and forced him to abandon more territory than had seemed necessary.

“Where a normal means of limiting the size of this area would be an incremental move from the nearest white stones on the edge of this space, move 160 was an unexpected jump into the center, revealing a weakness in Go's position which forced him to abandon more of the territory than had seemed to be the case.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Although Igo Kakumei -Shinfusekihō, published in early 1934, represents a contemporaneous articulation of the aims and motivations of shinfuseki under the names of its main protagonists, care must be taken in interpreting it.

“While Igo Kakumei -Shinfusekihō, published in early 1934, represents a contemporaneous articulation of the aims and motivations of shinfuseki, published under the name of its main protagonists, care must be taken in interpreting it.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

In other cultural practices, the heads of iemoto families continue to hold a powerful grasp over their arts and the scope for innovation.

“In other cultural practices, the heads of the iemoto families continue to hold a powerful grasp over their arts and the scope for innovation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

One factor in the timing of shinfuseki is the suggestion that Go and Kitani were of the first generation sufficiently removed from the legacy of the Tokugawa period and the iemoto system's respect for seniority to feel able to innovate freely.

“One final factor in the timing of shinfuseki is the suggestion that Go and Kitani were of the first generation that was finally sufficiently removed from the legacy of the Tokugawa period and the iemoto system's respect for seniority to feel able to innovate freely.53”

• cites [53]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Igo Kakumei needs to be read not as the manifesto of shinfuseki, but as something closer to a post hoc attempt to explain it.

“However the book needs to be read not as the manifesto of shinfuseki, but as something closer to a post hoc attempt to explain it.”

May combine two claims.

The history of Go-Kitani contests suggests the possibility that Kitani's exposure to Go's new style in spring/summer 1933 inspired him, and that Kitani's adoption of a new playing style alongside Go proved the tipping point among other professionals.

“Tracing this history of Go-Kitani contests, then, suggests the possibility that it was Kitani's exposure to Go's new style over the course of the spring/summer 1933 that inspired him, and then it was then his adoption of a new playing style, alongside Go, which proved the tipping point among the other professionals.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The intent of Shūei's 4-4 move as white was to handle the corner rapidly with a single move, because white needed to develop swiftly to catch up the initial disadvantage.

“My reading of this move is that the intent was to handle the corner rapidly, with a single move, as white needed to develop swiftly in order to try to catch up the initial disadvantage.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Ultimately Go and Kitani were the seeds around which crystallized the growing sense of a need for new approaches, whereas Shūsai remained the leading voice against the style that emerged.

“but ultimately Go and Kitani were the seeds around which crystalized the growing sense of a need for new approaches, whereas Shūsai remained the leading voice against the style which emerged.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

A system of komi developed in which the white player was granted points to offset black's first-mover advantage, but it was not consistently used until the postwar period.

“In later years a system of komi developed in which the white player was granted a number of points to offset the first mover advantage of black, but this was not consistently used until the post-war period.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

As the preeminent player of his generation, Shūei played the majority of his games with the white stones playing second.

“As the preeminent player of his generation, he played the majority of his games with the white stonesplaying second.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The most striking feature of the 1938 game for this paper is that Kitani Minoru, one of the fathers of the shinfuseki revolution, played moves one and three at the 3-4 points, komoku, the very moves that he and Go Seigen had rejected five years earlier.

“For the purposes of this paper, what is most striking about the game is that Kitani Minoru, one of the fathers of the shinfuseki revolution, played moves one and three at the 3-4 points, komoku -the very moves that he and Go Seigen had rejected five years earlier.”