Occupational Heat Stress Assessment by the Predicted Heat Strain Model
Open accessAbstract
The work of the main European research teams in the field of thermal factors was coordinated in order to improve significantly the Required Sweat Rate model published as an international standard. Many significant modifications were brought, in particular concerning the effects of forced convection, body movements and exercise and the prediction of the skin temperature as a function of the rectal temperature and in case of severe conditions of radiation, humidity and clothing. The criteria for acceptable work durations in hot environments were updated concerning the maximum increase in core temperature and the acceptable water loss. The revised model, called Predicted Heat Strain model, was validated through a set of lab and field experiments involving stable and fluctuating conditions with high and low radiation, humidity and air velocity. It is meanwhile adopted as an ISO and CEN standard. In addition, a strategy was developed to assess the risks of heat disorders in any working situation. It is based on the three highest stages of the SOBANE strategy: an "Observation" method for improving simply the thermal conditions of work; an "Analysis" method to evaluate the magnitude of the problem and optimise the choice of solutions and an "Expert" method for in depth analysis of the working situation when needed.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
PHS describes a method based on human body heat balance equations for predicting both sweat rate and internal core temperature that the human body will develop as a result of heat stress.
“In contrast to WBGT, PHS describes a method based on human body heat balance equations for predicting both sweat rate and internal core temperature that the human body will develop as a result of heat stress.”
From Occupational heat stress assessment and protective strategies in the context of climate change (2018) · cites this paper as Malchaire 2006
The heat balance is calculated by taking into account all factors involved in the heat transfer between the body and environment, i.e. four thermal climate factors, physical work intensity (metabolic rate) and clothing thermal properties.
“The heat balance is calculated by taking into account all factors involved in the heat transfer between the body and environment, i.e. four thermal climate factors, physical work intensity (metabolic rate) and clothing thermal properties (Malchaire et al. 2000, 2001; Malchaire 2006; Havenith and Fiala 2016).”
From Occupational heat stress assessment and protective strategies in the context of climate change (2018) · cites this paper as Malchaire 2006
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Esophageal, rectal, and muscle temperature during exercise
Saltin, B., & Hermansen, L. (1966) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1966.21.6.1757 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Development and validation of the predicted heat strain model
Malchaire, J., Piette, A., Kampmann, B., Mehnert, P., Gebhardt, H., Havenith, G., DenHartog, E., Holmér, I., Parsons, K., Alfano, G., et al. (2001) · The Annals of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1093/annhyg/45.2.123 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationComputation of mean body temperature from rectal and skin temperatures.
Colin, J., Timbal, J., Houdas, Y., Boutelier, C., & Guieu, J. D. (1971) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1971.31.3.484 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Clothing convective heat exchange—proposal for improved prediction in standards and models
Holmér, I. (1999) · The Annals of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1016/s0003-4878(99)00057-5 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Clothing evaporative heat resistance—proposal for improved representation in standards and models
Havenith, G. (1999) · The Annals of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1016/s0003-4878(99)00052-6 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Health Factors Involved in Working under Conditions of Heat Stress
Turner, D. (1969) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.26.4.346 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Candas, V., Libert, J., BRANDENBERGER, G., Sagot, J., Amoros, C., & Kahn, J.-M. (1986) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00714992 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Development and validation of the predicted heat strain model
Malchaire, J. (2001) · The Annals of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1016/s0003-4878(00)00030-2 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationCriteria for estimating acceptable exposure times in hot working environments: a review
Malchaire, J., Kampmann, B., Havenith, G., Mehnert, P., & Gebhardt, H. J. (2000) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s004200050420 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effects of wind and human movement on the heat and vapour transfer properties of clothing
Parsons, K. (1999) · The Annals of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1016/s0003-4878(99)00061-7 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Strategy for evaluation and prevention of risk due to work in thermal environments
Malchaire, J. (1999) · The Annals of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1093/annhyg/43.5.367 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationPrediction of the average skin temperature in warm and hot environments
Mehnert, P., Malchaire, J. B., Kampmann, B., Piette, A., Griefahn, B., & Gebhardt, H. (2000) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s004210050651 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationCriteria for physiological limits for work in heat
Wyndham, C. H., Strydom, N. B., Morrison, J. F., Williams, C. G., Bredell, G. A. G., Maritz, J. S., & Munro, A. (1965) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1965.20.1.37 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Core temperature measurement in man.
Rj, E., Aj, B., & Mh, H. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Computation of respiratory heat exchanges
Varène, P. (1986) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1986.61.4.1586 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Individual heat stress response
Havenith, G. (1997) · TNO Repository · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Predicted sweat rate in fluctuating thermal conditions
Malchaire, J. B. (1991) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00233863 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of working in hot environments on respiratory air temperatures
Livingstone, S. D., Nolan, R. W., Cain, J. B., & Keefe, A. (1994) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00609400 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The probability of heat stroke developing at different levels of heat stress.
Ch, W., & Heyns, A. J. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Araki, T., Inoue, M., & Fujiwara, H. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [14]14. Gosselin RE (1947) Rates of sweating in the desert. In: Physiology of man in the desert, Adolph EF (Ed.), 44, Interscience Publishers, New York.
- [28]28. ISO 7933 (2004) Hot environments-Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain. ISO, Geneva. 29) Council Directive 89/654/EEC (1989) Concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the workplace (First individual directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/191/EEC). Official Journal of the European Communities, No L/393/1-12, Brussels.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Calculating Workplace WBGT from Meteorological Data: A Tool for Climate Change Assessment
LEMKE, B., & KJELLSTROM, T. (2012) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.ms1352 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Lucas, R. A. I., Epstein, Y., & Kjellstrom, T. E. (2014) · Extreme Physiology & Medicine · doi:10.1186/2046-7648-3-14 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Occupational heat stress assessment and protective strategies in the context of climate change
Gao, C., Kuklane, K., Östergren, P.-O., & Kjellstrom, T. (2018) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-017-1352-y · Cited by 198 · see citing works
“four thermal climate factors, physical work intensity (metabolic rate) and clothing thermal properties (Malchaire et al. 2000, 2001; Malchaire 2006; Havenith and Fiala 2016).”
BackgroundRowlinson, S., YunyanJia, A., Li, B., & ChuanjingJu, C. (2014) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2013.08.011 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
BR^|^Ouml;DE, P., BLAZEJCZYK, K., FIALA, D., HAVENITH, G., HOLM^|^Eacute;R, I., JENDRITZKY, G., KUKLANE, K., & KAMPMANN, B. (2013) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2012-0098 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Morris, N. B., Jay, O., Flouris, A. D., Casanueva, A., Gao, C., Foster, J., Havenith, G., & Nybo, L. (2020) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-020-00641-7 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The upper temperature thresholds of life
Asseng, S., Spänkuch, D., Hernández-Ochoa, I. M., & Laporta, J. (2021) · The Lancet Planetary Health · doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00079-6 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Experimental study on thermal sensation of people in moderate activities
Wang, H., & Hu, S. (2016) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.02.016 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Asghari, M., Nassiri, P., Monazzam, M. R., Golbabaei, F., Arabalibeik, H., Shamsipour, A., & Allahverdy, A. (2017) · Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering · doi:10.1186/s40201-016-0264-9 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
McLellan, T. M., Daanen, H. A. M., & Cheung, S. S. (2013) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c130002 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Shakerian, S., Habibnezhad, M., Ojha, A., Lee, G., Liu, Y., Jebelli, H., & Lee, S. H. (2021) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105395 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Tian, Z., Zhu, N., Zheng, G., & Wei, H. (2011) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.04.027 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of human physiological state in indoor high temperature environments
Zheng, G., Li, K., Bu, W., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.12.063 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Psikuta, A., Allegrini, J., Koelblen, B., Bogdan, M., Annaheim, S., Martínez, N., Derome, D., Carmeliet, J., & Rossi, R. M. (2017) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.04.115 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Overheating and passive habitability: indoor health and heat indices
Holmes, S. H., Phillips, T., & Wilson, A. (2016) · Building Research & Information · doi:10.1080/09613218.2015.1033875 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Wang, F., Kuklane, K., Gao, C., & Holmér, I. (2011) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0967-3334/32/2/007 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
WANG, F., GAO, C., KUKLANE, K., & HOLMÉR, I. (2013) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2012-0073 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Heat Stress in Indoor Environments of Scandinavian Urban Areas: A Literature Review
Kownacki, K. L., Gao, C., Kuklane, K., & Wierzbicka, A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16040560 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Hamerezaee, M., Dehghan, S. F., Golbabaei, F., Fathi, A. O.-L., Barzegar, L., & Heidarnejad, N. (2017) · Safety and Health at Work · doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2017.07.003 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Fantozzi, F., & Rocca, M. (2020) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos11010090 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Re-evaluating Occupational Heat Stress in a Changing Climate
(2014) · The Annals of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1093/annhyg/meu073 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Rowlinson, S., & Jia, Y. A. (2014) · Annals Of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1093/annhyg/met070 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Lundgren, K., Kuklane, K., & Venugopal, V. (2014) · Global Health Action · doi:10.3402/gha.v7.25283 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Modelling the correlation between building energy ratings and heat-related mortality and morbidity
Alam, M., Sanjayan, J., Zou, P. X. W., Stewart, M. G., & Wilson, J. L. (2016) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2016.01.006 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Workplace heat exposure, health protection, and economic impacts: A case study in Canada
Vanos, J., Vecellio, D. J., & Kjellstrom, T. E. (2019) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.22966 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Psikuta, A., Wang, L.-C., & Rossi, R. M. (2013) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/15459624.2013.766562 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Potter, A. W., Hunt, A. P., Cadarette, B. S., Fogarty, A. L., Srinivasan, S. S., Santee, W. R., Blanchard, L., & Looney, D. P. (2019) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.02.004 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A free software to predict heat strain according to the ISO 7933:2018
Ioannou, L. G., Tsoutsoubi, L., Mantzios, K., & Flouris, A. D. (2019) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2018-0216 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Kownacki, K. L., Madrid, N. M., Johansson, B., Psikuta, A., Annaheim, S., & Kuklane, K. (2017) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.05.006 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Yao, R., Li, Y., Du, C., & Li, B. (2018) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.03.014 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Drivers of self-reported heat stress in the Australian labour force
Zander, K. K., Moss, S. A., & Garnett, S. T. (2016) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.029 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Influence of occupational heat stress on labour productivity–a case study from Chennai, India
Chinnadurai, J., Venugopal, V., P, K., & R, P. (2016) · International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management · doi:10.1108/ijppm-08-2014-0121 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Wang, F., Kuklane, K., Gao, C., & Holmér, I. (2011) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-011-0411-z · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Development of an 'artificial human' for clothing research
Psikuta, A. (2009) · DMU Open Research Archive (De Montfort University) · Cited by 34 · see citing works
On the Transition Thermal Discomfort to Heat Stress as a Function of the PMV Value
Alfano, F. R. D., Palella, B. I., & Riccio, G. (2013) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2012-0163 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Development of a modified predicted heat strain model for hot work environments
Lazaro, P., & Momayez, M. (2020) · International Journal of Mining Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.ijmst.2020.05.009 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Measurements of clothing evaporative resistance using a sweating thermal manikin: an overview
Wang, F. (2017) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2017-0052 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Chowdhury, S., Hamada, Y., & Ahmed, K. S. (2016) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2016.11.012 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Ojha, A., Shayesteh, S., Sharifironizi, A., Liu, Y., & Jebelli, H. (2024) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105670 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Notley, S. R., Mitchell, D., & Taylor, N. A. S. (2023) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05276-3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Alam, M., Rajeev, P., Sanjayan, J., Zou, P. X. W., & Wilson, J. L. (2018) · Australian Journal of Civil Engineering · doi:10.1080/14488353.2018.1453331 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Validation of the Predicted Heat Strain Model in Hot Underground Mines
Lazaro, P., & Momayez, M. (2019) · Mining Metallurgy & Exploration · doi:10.1007/s42461-019-0102-6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Shin, J., Kim, K. R., & Ha, J.-C. (2020) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109964 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Development of a personal heat strain risk assessment (PHSRA) index in workplaces and its validation
Yazdanirad, S., Golbabaei, F., Monazzam, M. R., Dehghan, H., & Foroushani, A. R. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08874-4 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Occupational Health and Safety Impacts of Climate Conditions
Kjellstrom, T. E., Lemke, B., & Venugopal, V. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384703-4.00120-9 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Study on thermal comfort by using an atmospheric pressure dependent predicted mean vote index
Ruivo, C. R., da Silva, M. G., & Broday, E. E. (2021) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108370 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Yazdanirad, S., Golbabaei, F., Foroushani, A. R., Monazzam, M. R., & Dehghan, H. (2020) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12199-020-00894-1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chowdhury, S., Hamada, Y., & Ahmed, K. S. (2017) · International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment · doi:10.1016/j.ijsbe.2017.09.001 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Use of Thermoregulatory Models to Evaluate Heat Stress in Industrial Environments
Yermakova, I. I., Potter, A. W., Raimundo, A. M., Xu, X., Hancock, J. W., & Oliveira, A. V. M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19137950 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Physiological strain and comfort in sports clothing
Daanen, H. A. M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-229-7.00007-2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Meng, X., Xue, S., An, K., & Cao, Y. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14095019 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Exercise heat acclimation causes human responses and safety performance improvements
Zhang, S., & Zhu, N. (2021) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103042 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Evaluation of occupation hot exposure in industrial workplaces in a subtropical country
Yang, Y., Wei, M., & Hong, S. (2017) · International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health · doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00761 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Assessment of thermal environments: working conditions in the portuguese glass industry
Oliveira, A. V. M., Gaspar, A. R., Raimundo, A. M., & Quintela, D. A. (2017) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2017-0048 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Clothing Evaporative Resistance: Its Measurements and Application in Prediction of Heat Strain
Wang, F. (2011) · Lund University Publications (Lund University) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Abbasi, M., Golbabaei, F., Yazdanirad, S., Dehghan, H., & Ahmadi, A. R. (2023) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-023-02580-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ioannou, L. G., Ciuha, U., Fisher, J. T., Tsoutsoubi, L., Tobita, K., Bonell, A., Cotter, J. D., Kenny, G. P., Flouris, A. D., & Mekjavić, I. B. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13158561 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Nizam, C. M., Ismail, A. R., & Husshin, N. (2021) · Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences · doi:10.37934/arfmts.85.1.161168 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Balancing Energy Efficiency and Heat Wave Resilience in Building Design
Alam, M., Sanjayan, J., & Zou, P. X. W. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816782-3.00011-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Parsons, K. (2008) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.46.195 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Occupational Heat Stress In USA: Whither We Go?
Bernard, T. E. (2014) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.100 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Babon-Ayeng, P., & Jung, W. (2025) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115965 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bellochio, S. D. C., Coradi, P. C., Maran, V., dos Santos, M. A., Silveira, L., & Teodoro, P. E. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06534-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Critical Assessment of the Recommended Alert Limit Curves for Occupational Heat Exposure
Hess, H. W., Hite, M. J., Heikkinen, M., Tarr, M. L., Tourula, E. N., Johnson, B. D., Hostler, D. P., & Schlader, Z. J. (2025) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.70022 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wang, F., Wang, X., Su, W., Liu, J., Lei, T., Yang, J., & Yang, B. (2023) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.111100 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Lai, X., & Sang, C. (2025) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2025.104066 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Algorithm to calculate human calorie expenditure based on a predicted heat strain model
Yang, S. C., Yeh, Y.-C., Ladasky, J. J., & Schmidt, D. (2016) · IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI ...) · doi:10.1109/bhi.2016.7455955 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Modelling Productivity Loss from Heat Stress
Dear, K. B. G. (2018) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos9070286 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kuklane, K., Kownacki, K. L., Kjellstrom, T. E., Venugopal, V., Fan, J., & Havenith, G. (2014) · Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Heat exposure and health outcomes in Costa Rican sugarcane harvesters
Crowe, J. (2014) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Modeling heat loss through sweating: Towards improved heat load prediction from child occupants
Youssef, F., Hallé, S., & D’Avignon, K. (2025) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115888 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Effect of Air Velocity on the Prevention of Heat Stress in Iranian Veiled Females
Habibi, P., Amanallahi, A., Islami, F., Naimzadeh, F., & Dehghan, H. (2016) · Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.17795/jjhs.36003 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mental stress in the workers exposed to humidity in a cheese processing factory
Shushtarian, S. M. S., Hajipour, A., & Rastegari, Y. (2008) · Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.4103/0019-5278.40815 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Lamberti, G., Leccese, F., & Salvadori, G. (2020) · IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe) · doi:10.1109/eeeic/icpseurope49358.2020.9160722 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Głuch, B. (2023) · Archives of Mining Sciences · doi:10.24425/ams.2018.124988 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Validation of Heat Stress Indices at Oil Terminals in Northern and Southern Iran
Biabani, A., Alimohammadi, I., Falahati, M., & Zokaei, M. (2019) · Journal of Occupational Hygiene Engineering · doi:10.52547/johe.6.3.74 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yazdanirad, S., Abbasi, M., & Eskandari, T. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23093-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Thermo-physiological simulation
Psikuta, A., Annaheim, S., & Rossi, R. M. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100909-3.00015-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Biswas, B. K., & Hamada, Y. (2018) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1086/1/012007 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ability of the ISO Predicted Heat Strain Method to Predict a Limiting Heat Stress Exposure
Prieto, E. (2018) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cotterill, L. E. (2013) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Does PHS Model Predict Acceptable Skin and Core Temperatures While Wearing Protective Clothing.
Holmér, I., Kuklane, K., Wang, F., & Gao, C. (2010)
How will climate change working life
Kownacki, K. L. (2014)
A New Approach to Evaluate Thermal Stress under Flame-Resistant Fabrics Exposed to Flashover
Lu, Y., Li, X. H., Li, J., & Wu, D. (2011) · Advanced materials research · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1520
Assessment of Prolonged Occupational Exposure to Heat Stress
Garzón-Villalba, X. P. (2016) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)
Thermophysiological Behavior of the Human Body in Ceramic Industrial Environments
Raimundo, A. M., Oliveira, A. V. M., & Quintela, D. A. (2020) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41486-3_21
Noorisepehr, M., Salari, M., Darvishmotevalli, M., & Beheshti, A. (2020) · Journal of Environmental Health Engineering · doi:10.52547/jehe.8.1.63
Ergonomic Evaluation of Thermal Stress in a Tunisian Steel Industry
Omrane, A., Khalfallah, T., & Bouzgarrou, L. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.98697
Effects of layering on thermal insulation and vapor permeabilityPreprint
Potter, A. W., Looney, D. P., Castellani, M., Suey, D. C., & González, J. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4897543
Li, J., Wang, Y., Shao, L., He, L., & Li, J. (2025) · Textile Research Journal · doi:10.1177/00405175251356680
Menu, X., Agousty, M., Cuvillier, J. M., Ach, D., & Laroche, P. (2025) · Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail/Archives des maladies professionnelles et de l'environnement · doi:10.1016/j.admp.2025.102884
Yazdanirad, S., Abbasi, M., Dehghan, A., & Dehghan, H. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25655-z
Hanning, N., Bier, M., Brückner, D., & Kahl, A. (2026) · Journal of Safety and Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.jsasus.2026.04.002
A Soft Microfluidic Sodium Sensor for Sweat-Sodium Analysis in Occupational Heat Stress
Gautam, Y., & Jebelli, H. (2026) · ASCE Construction Research Congress (CRC) · doi:10.1061/9780784486993.074
- Authors
- MALCHAIRE, J. B. M.
- Affiliations
- UCLouvain (BE)
- Corresponding author
- MALCHAIRE, J.B.M.
- Venue
- Industrial Health
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 380-387
- ISSN
- 0019-8366 (ISSN-L)
- 1880-8026
- OpenAlex
- W2148878003
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Industrial Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Keywords
- occupational heat stress, skin temperature, rectal temperature, core body temperature, thermal comfort, humidity, radiation, forced convection, body movement, physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Europe, Humans, Research, Models, Statistical, Occupational Health, Risk Assessment, Heat Stress Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
