The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 21 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles
Open accessAbstract
Future generations of NASA and U.S. Air Force vehicles will require lighter mass while being subjected to higher loads and more extreme service conditions over longer time periods than the present generation. Current approaches for certification, fleet management and sustainment are largely based on statistical distributions of material properties, heuristic design philosophies, physical testing and assumed similitude between testing and operational conditions and will likely be unable to address these extreme requirements. To address the shortcomings of conventional approaches, a fundamental paradigm shift is needed. This paradigm shift, the Digital Twin, integrates ultra-high fidelity simulation with the vehicle s on-board integrated vehicle health management system, maintenance history and all available historical and fleet data to mirror the life of its flying twin and enable unprecedented levels of safety and reliability.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
The paper proposes the Digital Twin paradigm—an integrated multiphysics, multiscale, probabilistic simulation of an as-built vehicle using best physical models, sensor updates, fleet history, and IVHM data—to mirror the life of its flying twin and improve certification, fleet management, and sustainment. It argues conventional factor-of-safety, similitude, and inspection approaches are inadequate for future NASA and U.S. Air Force vehicles with lighter mass, higher loads, and longer extreme service.
Key findings
- Conventional certification and sustainment rely on factors-of-safety, similitude, worst-case scenarios, and fleet leaders; factors can be as large as 2.0 depending on material and configuration, a service life factor of 4.0 is applied to well-characterized spaceflight structures, and known flaws must show a safety factor of 1.5 against fracture.
- The Digital Twin integrates ultra-high fidelity physical models, on-board IVHM sensor data, maintenance history, and historical/fleet data via data mining and text mining; it continuously forecasts vehicle health, remaining useful life, and probability of mission success, and can recommend mission profile changes or activate self-healing mechanisms.
- Near-term opportunities include the AFRL Digital Twin: Spiral 1 using the F-15 as a testbed, and a NASA approach focused on a small highly critical non-redundant component such as a MEMS.
- Expected advantages include decreased system weight by reducing reliance on statistical distributions, heuristic design philosophies, physical testing, and assumed similitude, plus increased reliability through continuous monitoring and mitigation of degradation and anomalous events.
Methods
- Conceptual/vision paper, not an experimental study; it presents the Digital Twin paradigm and requirements, with examples drawn from NASA standards and handbooks including NASA-STD-5001A, NASA-STD-5019, and NASA-HDBK-5010.
- No sample, dataset, or statistical analysis is reported; the paper discusses conventional approaches, Digital Twin attributes, near-term opportunities, advantages, and influence on national goals.
- Illustrative figures and tables are used to motivate the paradigm, such as an STS payload launch/landing spectrum and upper-bound fatigue crack growth rate curves estimated as three standard deviations above mean values.
Limitations
- The paper states the Digital Twin is an ambitious concept “unlikely to attain maturity for many decades,” so a series of intermediate steps is required.
- The paper states future vehicles may encounter conditions that cannot be foreseen, and long-duration space missions may make conventional inspection and maintenance impossible.
- Evident from the text: no quantitative validation, implementation results, or performance metrics for a Digital Twin are reported; the work is a concept and roadmap paper.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 of 21 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When similitude is violated, probabilistic methods break down as readily as those based on factors-of-safety.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Current approaches for certification, fleet management and sustainment are largely based on statistical distributions of material properties, heuristic design philosophies, physical testing and assumed similitude between testing and operational conditions and will likely be unable to address these extreme requirements.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“Existing methodologies for vehicle certification, fleet management and sustainment are largely based on similitude and a heuristic understanding of the effects of operational and anomalous conditions on the structural health, safety and performance of a vehicle.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclear- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Such codes are of limited”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Current approaches for certification, fleet management and sustainment are largely based on statistical distributions of material properties, heuristic design philosophies, physical testing and assumed similitude between testing and operational conditions and will likely be unable to address these extreme requirements.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Even current probabilistic or reliability methodologies are inadequate because they are based on assumed similitude between the circumstances in which the underlying statistics were obtained and the environment in which the vehicle operates.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“As discussed in the standard, the accepted practice for”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Conventional Approaches
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites NASA-STD-5001A
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, they may not be sufficient to address the future extreme requirements of some future NASA and U.S. Air Force vehicles.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Table 1: Sample of Publicly Available Standards and Handbooks
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes? Checkable: unclear✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- Probably not a substantial claim. 39
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, compounding of factors-of-safety is pervasive and may lead to unnecessarily heavy structures and reduced performance without necessarily improving the actual safety of the vehicle or the probability of mission success.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Introduction
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inspection schedules are typically determined from experience with similar vehicles that have performed similar missions.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Often, inspection is performed based on experience with the fleet leader, the vehicle in the fleet that experienced the most flights or the worst degradation.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the ability to fully understand degradation and anomalous events and foresee previously unknown unknowns may represent the difference between mission success and mission failure.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If, for example, unacceptable degradation of a component was found during an inspection of the fleet leader, it may be decided that all vehicles of that class be inspected immediately regardless of the specific history of each vehicle.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“An extreme case of codified conservatism is discussed in NASA-HDBK-5010 10 , where separate conservatisms for crack size, applied loads, material properties, and analysis are discussed for”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Table 1: Sample of Publicly Available Standards and Handbooks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites NASA-HDBK-5010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It will also decrease system weight by reducing reliance on statistical distributions of material properties, heuristic design philosophies, physical testing and assumed similitude between testing and operational conditions.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Advantages Over Conventional Approaches
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“According to NASA-STD-5001A 1 , a service life factor of 4.0 is applied to”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Table 1: Sample of Publicly Available Standards and Handbooks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites NASA-STD-5001A
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Known cracks in fracture critical hardware require special treatment wherein upper bounds for crack size estimate accounting for”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Table 1: Sample of Publicly Available Standards and Handbooks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites NASA-HDBK-5010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Finally, analyses of known flaws must show that the component has a service life factor of four and a safety factor of 1.5 against fracture.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Table 1: Sample of Publicly Available Standards and Handbooks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites NASA-HDBK-5010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Among these steps is the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Digital Twin: Spiral 1 17 , a plan to integrate existing state-of-the-art technologies, benchmark current capabilities and identify gaps using components from an existing U.S. Air Force vehicle, specifically, the F-15, as a testbed.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Identification of Near-Term Opportunities
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [17]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Complex missions, particularly those where external support is difficult or impossible, will necessitate complete real-time management of complex materials, structures and systems that will ultimately lead to”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Concept
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The consequences of failure during a long-duration space mission, where the vehicle is far from home, will almost certainly be catastrophic.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By combining all of this information, the Digital Twin continuously forecasts the health of the vehicle or system, the remaining useful life and the probability of mission success.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Concept
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Unlike those individual visions, the vision for the Digital Twin integrates the broad range of technologies with a singular focus.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Identification of Near-Term Opportunities
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In all of these cases,”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Conventional Approaches
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites NASA-STD-5001A
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If various best-physics (i.e., the most accurate, physically realistic and robust) models can be integrated with one another and with on-board sensor suites, they will form a basis for certification of vehicles by simulation and for real-time, continuous, health management of those vehicles during their missions.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Concept
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result, demands on structural materials will be greatly increased and structural margins will necessarily be decreased.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Concept
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Future generations of NASA and U.S. Air Force vehicles will require lighter mass while being subjected to higher loads and more extreme service conditions over longer time periods than the present generation.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a virtual instantiation of a flying vehicle, the Digital Twin is expected to be able to experience every event that its flying twin experiences.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Advantages Over Conventional Approaches
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Because the vehicles needed for future extreme missions are unlikely to be developed using existing material forms, the design and development of new enabling (e.g., multifunctional, nanostructured, ultra-durable) materials is required and is well aligned with the NRC's ICME roadmap.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Influence on National Goals
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [20]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The application of continuum fracture mechanics analyses, including NASGRO fatigue crack growth analysis (see JSC 22267B 6 ), is the foundation of much of the codified fracture control methodology.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Table 1: Sample of Publicly Available Standards and Handbooks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites JSC 22267B
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The ability to assess the evolution of defects is a critical element within the Digital Twin's on-board IVHM system and is well aligned with the NRC's advocacy for developments in Materials State Awareness.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Influence on National Goals
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The latter approach requires a factor-of-safety for yield that is higher than the factor-of-safety used for prototype testing.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Conventional Approaches
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites NASA-STD-5001A
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Digital Twin can also predict system response to safety critical events and uncover previously unknown issues before they become critical by comparing predicted and actual responses.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Concept
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because of its ability to mirror the life of a specific vehicle in an as-built state, the Digital Twin will necessarily revolutionize certification, fleet management and sustainment.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Advantages Over Conventional Approaches
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Fracture critical hardware requires the additional imposition of damage tolerance requirements (see, for example, NASA-STD-5019 2 ).”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Table 1: Sample of Publicly Available Standards and Handbooks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites NASA-STD-5019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, such an ambitious concept is unlikely to attain maturity for many decades, so a series of intermediate steps is required.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Identification of Near-Term Opportunities
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Digital Twin concept is unlikely to attain maturity for many decades.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, the extensive legacy of historical flight information incorporated in the various standards and handbooks that were based on decades of aircraft and spacecraft design experience, will likely be insufficient to either certify future extreme vehicles or to guarantee mission success.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Concept
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes? Checkable: unclear✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Future generations of vehicles will rely on increasingly complex, heterogeneous and multifunctional material forms with increasingly complex failure modes.
In the paper
“These factors vary widely depending on circumstance and can be as large as 2.0 depending on the material and local structural configuration.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Table 1: Sample of Publicly Available Standards and Handbooks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites NASA-STD-5001A
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Additionally, worst-case limit loads for the mission must be used to compute the far field stress state at the location of the detected crack.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Table 1: Sample of Publicly Available Standards and Handbooks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites NASA-HDBK-5010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, an understanding of the exact state of the structure of the vehicle or its systems, including the existence of defects at the microstructural and, possibly, the atomistic scale, is required as a baseline for ultra-high fidelity simulations.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Influence on National Goals
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, it will enable mission managers to make knowledgeable decisions regarding the consequences of possible in-flight changes to a vehicle's mission.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Advantages Over Conventional Approaches
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Once the vehicle is launched, the Digital Twin will increase the reliability of the flying vehicle because of its ability to continuously monitor and mitigate degradation and anomalous events.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Advantages Over Conventional Approaches
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Because of the apparent scatter in material response under cyclic and creep loading, the corresponding factors are even larger.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Table 1: Sample of Publicly Available Standards and Handbooks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites NASA-STD-5001A
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many of the technologies critical for the Digital Twin are currently being developed under related visions for multi-scale and multi-physics modeling, structural health management, highperformance computing and others.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Identification of Near-Term Opportunities
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, the systems on board the Digital Twin are capable of mitigating damage or degradation by activating self-healing mechanisms or by recommending changes in mission profile to decrease loadings thereby increasing both the life span and the probability of mission success.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Concept
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, they tend to be reactive rather than proactive and are often based on heuristic experience, worst-case scenarios and fleet leaders rather than on the specific material, structural configuration and usage of an individual vehicle.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Table 1: Sample of Publicly Available Standards and Handbooks
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The handbook requires analysts to use material properties corresponding to the lower bound of fracture toughness and the upper bound of fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN vs. ΔK) as shown in Figure 2.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Table 1: Sample of Publicly Available Standards and Handbooks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites NASA-HDBK-5010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Upper bounds of fatigue crack growth rate curves are either visually estimated or statistically estimated as being three standard deviations above the mean values.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Table 1: Sample of Publicly Available Standards and Handbooks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites NASA-HDBK-5010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By replacing conventional engineering practices with an understanding of the degradation of an individual vehicle or vehicle system, the paradigm of the Digital Twin will impact the way that physical items ranging from micro-devices to civil infrastructure are developed, certified and maintained.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Influence on National Goals
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“In addition to its prominence in the recently-published roadmaps of NASA's Office of Chief Technologist (OCT) [15][16] and plans of the Air Force Research Laboratory [17][18] , the Digital Twin paradigm can provide focus to the recent advocacy of the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Research Council (NRC) in the areas of Simulation Based Engineering Science (SBES) 19 , Integrated”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Influence on National Goals
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [19]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [20]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By exercising such ultra-high fidelity approaches on flight hardware, the shortcomings of the existing state-of-the-art in multiscale modeling, in-situ experimentation and material state awareness will be highlighted.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Identification of Near-Term Opportunities
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Here, the crack size assumed for analysis (2c A ) is a combination of the NDE-detected crack dimensions (2c D ) and an adjustment based on the NDE detection capability (2c N ).”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Table 1: Sample of Publicly Available Standards and Handbooks
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites NASA-HDBK-5010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potential spin-offs from the development of the Digital Twin span the breadth of the Nation's industrial and manufacturing sectors, infrastructure and development of nanotechnology.”
§ The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles > Influence on National Goals
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper relies on this without support.
Future generations of NASA and U.S. Air Force vehicles will require lighter mass while being subjected to higher loads and more extreme service conditions over longer time periods than the present generation.
“Future generations of NASA and U.S. Air Force vehicles will require lighter mass while being subjected to higher loads and more extreme service conditions over longer time periods than the present generation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Future vehicles will have little direct precedent to follow, and in some cases (e.g., long duration space missions) the vehicle may be impossible to inspect and maintain in the conventional sense.
“Unlike the methods used to insure safety and reliability of existing vehicles that have a clear and wellunderstood legacy, many future vehicles will have little direct precedent to follow, and in some cases (e.g., long duration space missions) the vehicle may be impossible to inspect and maintain in the conventional sense.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Future generations of vehicles will rely on increasingly complex, heterogeneous and multifunctional material forms with increasingly complex failure modes.
“Future generations of vehicles will rely on increasingly complex, heterogeneous and multifunctional material forms with increasingly complex failure modes.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The extensive physical testing that provided the confidence needed to assure the success of previous missions has become increasingly expensive to perform.
“Additionally, the extensive physical testing that provided the confidence needed to assure the success of previous missions has become increasingly expensive to perform.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The consequences of failure during a long-duration space mission, where the vehicle is far from home, will almost certainly be catastrophic.
“Moreover, the consequences of failure during a long-duration space mission, where the vehicle is far from home, will almost certainly be catastrophic.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Digital Twin concept is unlikely to attain maturity for many decades.
“However, such an ambitious concept is unlikely to attain maturity for many decades, so a series of intermediate steps is required.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Consequently, DT consists of three parts, which include the physical product, virtual product, and the communication platform between them (Glaessgen & Stargel 2012).”
From A review of digital twin applications in construction (2022) · cites this paper as Glaessgen & Stargel 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This makes these methods more reactive than proactive [31].”
From Digital Twins in the IIoT: Current Practices and Future Directions Toward Industry 5.0 (2025) · cites this paper as [31]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Handbook 5010 is identified as both HDBK and STD
MinorThe text cites document 5010 as NASA-HDBK-5010, but reference 10 identifies it as NASA-STD-5010.
“An extreme case of codified conservatism is discussed in NASA-HDBK-5010 10”
“10. Anon., "Fracture Control Implementation Handbook for Payloads, Experiments, and Similar Hardware," NASA-STD-5010, May 2005.”
Citations
Cites
Reengineering aircraft structural life prediction using a digital twin
Tuegel, E. J., Ingraffea, A. R., Eason, T. G., & Spottswood, S. M. (2011) · International Journal of Aerospace Engineering · doi:10.1155/2011/154798 · Cited by 1,119
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Anon, 2008, NASA-STD-5019
- Anon, 2008, NASA-STD-6016
- Anon, 2001, Version 3, 0, 22267B
- Anon, Fracture Control Implementation Handbook for Payloads, Experiments, and Similar Hardware,"NASA-STD-5010,May2005
- Anon, 2004, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
- Kobryn P.A., 2011, USAF Air Force Research Laboratory, 88ABW-, 01428
- Anon, 2006, Simulation-Based Engineering Science: Revolutionizing Engineering Science through Simulation
- Anon, 2008, National Research Council, ISBN, 0, 12000
- Anon, 2008, National Research Council,ISBN, 0, 12166
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,401–1,500 of 2,402
Ubi-Flex-Cloud: ubiquitous flexible cloud computing: status quo and research imperatives
Thyagaturu, A. S., Nguyen, G. T. K., Rimal, B. P., & Martin Reisslein, B. (2022) · Applied Computing and Informatics · doi:10.1108/aci-02-2022-0029 · Cited by 5
han, C., Zhou, G., zhang, C., yu, Y., & Ma, D. (2022) · Digital Twin · doi:10.12688/digitaltwin.17682.1 · Cited by 5
The AlfaCrux CubeSat Mission Description and Early Results
Borges, R. A., dos Santos, A. C., Silva, W. R., Aguayo, L., Borges, G. A., Karam, M. M., de Sousa, R. B., García, B. F.-A., Botelho, V. M. D. S., Fernández-Carrillo, J. M., et al. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12199764 · Cited by 5
Roughness prediction of end milling surface for behavior mapping of digital twined machine tools
Shang, S., Jiang, G., Sun, Z., Tian, W., Zhang, D., Xu, J., & Cheung, C. F. (2023) · Digital Twin · doi:10.12688/digitaltwin.17819.1 · Cited by 14
The Role of Digital Twin in Accelerating the Digital Transformation of Smart Cities
Yu, P., Lang, H., Galang, J. I., & Xu, Y. (2023) · Advances in wireless technologies and telecommunication book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9266-3.ch008 · Cited by 5
Research on one-dimensional digital twin algorithm of plate heat exchanger
Chen, L., Zhao, K., & Tao, W. (2023) · Numerical Heat Transfer Part A Applications · doi:10.1080/10407782.2023.2222906 · Cited by 5
How to Enrich Metaverse? Blockchains, AI, and Digital Twin
Li, J., Cai, S., Yang, Q., & Huang, H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-3648-9_2 · Cited by 5
da Silva, J. P. D., Alexandre, O., Markus, K., da Silva, G. P., & Negri, V. J. D. (2023) · Day 2 Wed, October 25, 2023 · doi:10.4043/32685-ms · Cited by 5
Digital Twin for Industrial Applications – A Literature Review
Joshi, R., Gulati, S., & Kar, A. K. (2023) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-50204-0_9 · Cited by 5
Integration of Movement Data into 3D GIS
Lim, J., Biljecki, F., & Stouffs, R. M. F. A. (2024) · ISPRS annals of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences · doi:10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w5-2024-219-2024 · Cited by 5
Kunath, M., & Winkler, H. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-24576-4_12 · Cited by 5
A Monitoring Strategy for Industry 4.0: Master Italy s.r.l Case Study
Semeraro, C., Panetto, H., Lezoche, M., Dassisti, M., & Cafagna, S. (2019) · Insight · doi:10.1002/inst.12269 · Cited by 5
A Simulator Coupling Architecture for the Creation of Digital Twins
Kühn, T., Antonino, P. O., & Bachorek, A. (2020) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59155-7_25 · Cited by 5
Abdrakhmanova, K. N., Федосов, А. В., Idrisova, K. R., Danieva, I. R., & Valeeva, R. R. (2020) · Oil and Gas Business · doi:10.17122/ogbus-2020-3-71-91 · Cited by 5
Adibfar, A., & Costin, A. M. (2022) · ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering (i3CE) · doi:10.1061/9780784483893.045 · Cited by 5
Description of an intelligent resource unit for a smart production
Klein, M., Leitzgen, M., & Weyrich, M. (2016) · IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation · doi:10.1109/etfa.2016.7733584 · Cited by 3
Towards Executable Dependability Properties
Dobaj, J., Iber, J., Krisper, M., et al. (2018) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97925-0_28 · Cited by 5
Digital Twin Applications and Challenges in Healthcare
Pavithra, S., Pavithra, D., Vanithamani, R., & Justin, J. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119842316.ch7 · Cited by 5
IoT‐Assisted Metaverse Services
Han, Y., Leung, C., & Kim, D. I. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394160013.ch10 · Cited by 5
Yang, J., Oh, J., Kim, B. J., & Palazzolo, A. (2024) · Journal of vibration and acoustics · doi:10.1115/1.4065714 · Cited by 4
Research status and development trends of digital twin technology in apparel production: a review
Bi, Y., Pan, L., & Cao, L. (2025) · Journal of the Textile Institute · doi:10.1080/00405000.2025.2496840 · Cited by 8
Zhang, T., Grzelak, D., Zhao, W., Islam, M. A., Fricke, H., & Aßmann, U. (2025) · Drones · doi:10.3390/drones9060394 · Cited by 10
A Review of 3D Shape Descriptors for Evaluating Fidelity Metrics in Digital Twin
Khan, M. T. H., Han, S., Jauhar, T. A., & Noh, C. (2025) · Machines · doi:10.3390/machines13090750 · Cited by 4
Reimagining cancer treatments in the era of generative AI
Derbal, Y. (2025) · DIGITAL HEALTH · doi:10.1177/20552076251394631 · Cited by 4
A study of the transformation of digital twins into personalized medicine
Seliverstov, P. V., Владимирович, К. Е., Grinevich, V. B., Ivchenko, E. V., & Minakov, E. (2025) · Molekulyarnaya Meditsina (Molecular medicine) · doi:10.29296/24999490-2025-06-11 · Cited by 4
Lin, C., Tseng, T.-L., & Tsai, T.-H. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering · doi:10.1109/tase.2025.3650620 · Cited by 7
A Digital Twin Approach for Spacecraft On-Board Software Development and Testing
Colagrossi, A., Silvestrini, S., Brandonisio, A., et al. (2026) · Aerospace · doi:10.3390/aerospace13010055 · Cited by 4
Zhang, X., Kou, Y., Zhang, X., Shi, Q., Hu, Y., Wu, H., Liu, S. Y., & Zheng, P. (2026) · Journal of Manufacturing Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmsy.2025.12.029 · Cited by 8
Lebjioui, S., Traoré, M. K., & Ducq, Y. (2023) · Proceedings of the I-ESA Conference · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90387-9_11 · Cited by 4
Digital Twin in Fluid Power: Reviewing Constituents
Khamkar, A. D., & Patil, S. M. (2024) · International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope · doi:10.47857/irjms.2024.v05i01.0365 · Cited by 4
Reduced-Order Modeling in Rotordynamics and Its Robustness to Random Matrix Perturbation
Ritto, T. G., Lacerda, G., Cavalini, A. A., Timbó, R., & Pereira, L. V. (2024) · Journal of vibration and acoustics · doi:10.1115/1.4065038 · Cited by 5
Empowering Fashion Design and Intelligent Manufacturing with Digital Twins in the Metaverse Era
Li, J., & Liu, X. (2024) · Asian Social Science · doi:10.5539/ass.v20n4p39 · Cited by 4
Zou, J., Zhang, X., Cong, Y., et al. (2024) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi13120432 · Cited by 4
xu, Q., Zhou, G., Zhang, C., Chang, F., Huang, Q., Zhang, M., & Zhi, Y. (2025) · Digital Twin · doi:10.12688/digitaltwin.17695.2 · Cited by 4
Solmaz, A. Ş. (2025) · Journal of Innovative Engineering and Natural Science · doi:10.61112/jiens.1572660 · Cited by 5
Mathivanan, A., Kooning, J. D. M. D., & Stockman, K. (2025) · Journal of Manufacturing Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmsy.2025.05.001 · Cited by 4
ModelConductor: An On-Line Data Management Architecture for Digital Twins
Aho, P., & Immonen, E. (2020) · IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA) · doi:10.1109/etfa46521.2020.9211931 · Cited by 4
The roles of modeling and simulation in assessing spacecraft Integration Readiness Levels
Jesus, G. T., & Chagas, M. D. F. (2021) · 2020 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon) · doi:10.1109/syscon48628.2021.9447057 · Cited by 4
Blockchain Checksum for Establishing Secure Communications for Digital Twin Technology
Danilczyk, W., Sun, Y. L., & He, H. (2021) · North American Power Symposium (NAPS) · doi:10.1109/naps52732.2021.9654790 · Cited by 5
IIoT and Smart Sensors in Human-Centered Manufacturing
Borck, C., Schmitt, R., Berger, U., et al. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15428-7_18 · Cited by 4
A Survey on Digital Twin in Aerospace in the New Space Era
Kim, M. U. (2022) · International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC) · doi:10.1109/ictc55196.2022.9952929 · Cited by 6
RAREST: Emulation of Augmented Reality Assisted Multi-UAV-UGV Systems
Carlson, B., Wang, C., & Han, Q. (2023) · doi:10.1145/3597063.3597361 · Cited by 4
Digital Twin-based Decision-Making Methodology for the Optimal Operation of Microgrids
Scarlatache, F., Grigoraş, G., Scarlatache, V. A., & Dandea, V. (2023) · International Conference on Modern Power Systems (MPS) · doi:10.1109/mps58874.2023.10187426 · Cited by 4
Potential use of digital twin for construction progress monitoring
TECORA Construction (Pvt) Limited, S. L., Amirthavarshan, K., Gallage, S. D., Costa, M. D. D., & Eranga, B. A. I. (2023) · World Construction Symposium (WCS) · doi:10.31705/wcs.2023.70 · Cited by 4
HACK: a Holistic modeling Approach for Cubesat cyberattacKs
Borgia, S. (2023) · Materials research proceedings · doi:10.21741/9781644902677-41 · Cited by 5
Fault Recovery Method for Power Electronic Converters Based on Accelerator-Embedded Digital Twin
Sun, J., Buticchi, G., Li, J., Zhang, H., Guenter, S., & Yang, J. (2023) · Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON) · doi:10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10312499 · Cited by 4
Nassif, J., Tekli, J. M., & Kamradt, M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47560-3_3 · Cited by 4
Kişiselleştirilmiş Tıp İçin Dijital İkiz: Sistematik Derleme
Dilek, A. L. A. Y. (2024) · Sağlık Profesyonelleri Araştırma Dergisi · doi:10.57224/jhpr.1342561 · Cited by 5
Deployment and Maintenance of Digital Twin in a Secure Industrial Environment
Hassan, M., & Björsell, N. (2024) · International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management · doi:10.1109/icphm61352.2024.10626806 · Cited by 4
Structural integrity assessment of an offshore platform using RB-FEA
Nicola, F. D., Lonardi, G., Fantuzzi, N., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Structural Integrity · doi:10.1108/ijsi-10-2023-0099 · Cited by 4
Application of Deep Neural Network Technology for Multi‐scale CFD Modeling in Porous Media
Li, J., Liu, T., Jia, S., et al. (2024) · Chemical Engineering & Technology · doi:10.1002/ceat.202200564 · Cited by 4
AI-Driven Digital Twin for Health Monitoring of Wide Band Gap Power Semiconductors
Mehrabi, A., Yari, K., van Driel, W. D., & Poelma, R. H. (2024) · Electronic System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC) · doi:10.1109/estc60143.2024.10712146 · Cited by 4
Nature, essence, and classification of digital twins
Kravchenko, A. A. (2025) · Economics and Management · doi:10.35854/1998-1627-2025-1-125-134 · Cited by 4
A Categorization of Digital Twin and Model-Based System Engineering Interactions
de Oliveira, A. C. A., & Borges, R. A. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15105333 · Cited by 6
Training First Responders Through VR-Based Situated Digital Twins
Partarakis, N., Evdaimon, T., Katsantonis, M. N., & Zabulis, X. (2025) · Computers · doi:10.3390/computers14070274 · Cited by 5
Kabir, M. N. (2019) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-34809-8_4 · Cited by 4
Digital Twins and their significance in Engineering Asset Management
Krishnamenon, M., Tuladhar, R., Azghadi, M. R., Loughran, J. G., & Pandey, G. R. (2021) · International Conference on Maintenance and Intelligent Asset Management (ICMIAM) · doi:10.1109/icmiam54662.2021.9715200 · Cited by 4
Roles of Remote Sensing Technologies for Disaster Resilience
Chen, Z., Glasscoe, M. T., Eguchi, R. T., Huyck, C. K., & Kar, B. (2022) · American Society of Civil Engineers eBooks · doi:10.1061/9780784415900.ch5 · Cited by 5
Emerging Modern Trends and Technologies Increasing the Level of Rail Transport Safety
Jabłoński, M. (2022) · Springer series in reliability engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-96133-6_8 · Cited by 4
Towards a Digital Twin of a Complex Maritime Site for Multi-Objective Optimization
Ross, J. A. J., Tam, K., Walker, D. J., & Jones, K. (2022) · International Conference on Cyber Conflict · doi:10.23919/cycon55549.2022.9811082 · Cited by 4
Korotunov, S., Tabunshchyk, G., & Arras, P. (2022) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17091-1_24 · Cited by 4
Enhancing Drilling and Production Through a Digital Twin Methodology
Philip, T. T., & Ziatdinov, S. (2022) · doi:10.2118/211120-ms · Cited by 4
The study and development of UAV digital twin system
Yang, J., Huang, C., & Wang, J. (2022) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2366/1/012038 · Cited by 5
An Agent-Directed Digital Twin Framework for Simulation-Based Training
Lektauers, A., Bikovska, J., & Boļšakovs, V. (2022) · International Scientific Conference on Information Technology and Management Science of Riga Technical University (ITMS) · doi:10.1109/itms56974.2022.9937103 · Cited by 4
A Review of Digital Twin in Logistics: Applications and Future Works
Lin, K.-H., & Yao, Y. (2022) · Journal of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering · doi:10.56578/jemse010105 · Cited by 3
Binbin, H., Yingfeng, Z., Huang, B., et al. (2022) · Journal of Mechanical Engineering · doi:10.3901/jme.2022.12.250 · Cited by 4
Işık, G. E., & Achten, H. H. (2023) · Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ) · doi:10.54729/2789-8547.1199 · Cited by 4
Zhou, X., Dziendzikowski, M., Dragan, K., et al. (2023) · Prognostics and Health Management Conference (PHM) · doi:10.1109/phm58589.2023.00065 · Cited by 4
Determining Parameter Objectives via Model-Based Engineering
Cuzner, R. M., Gross, D. C., Siddaiah, R., et al. (2023) · IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS) · doi:10.1109/ests56571.2023.10220562 · Cited by 4
Advanced Digital Twin Framework for Electric Truck
Tran, D.-D., Xenakis, L., Pardhi, S., Makazaga, I. V., Glensvig, M., Koegeler, H.-M., Medina, R., Wilkins, S., & Hegazy, O. (2023) · IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) · doi:10.1109/vppc60535.2023.10403207 · Cited by 4
Tulasiraman, M., Dayanandan, U., Ferrnandez, T. F., Vellaichamy, V., & Rajasekeran, D. (2024) · Optical and quantum electronics · doi:10.1007/s11082-023-06133-5 · Cited by 5
RetractedDigital Twins-Based Cognitive Apprenticeship Model in Smart Agriculture
Thipphayasaeng, P., Piriyasurawong, P., & Phanichsiti, S. (2024) · International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) · doi:10.3991/ijim.v18i12.46847 · Cited by 4
Modeling of Logistics Networks with Labeled Property Graphs for Simulation in Digital Twins
Wuttke, A., Hunker, J., Scheidler, A. A., et al. (2024) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-68438-8_10 · Cited by 4
A Levels of Service (LOS) Digital Twin for Potable Water Infrastructure Systems
Dodanwala, T. C., & Ruparathna, R. (2024) · Lecture notes in civil engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-61519-1_2 · Cited by 6
Embedding web apps in mixed reality
Peuhkurinen, A., & Mikkonen, T. (2018) · International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing (FMEC) · doi:10.1109/fmec.2018.8364060 · Cited by 4
Progress towards a Framework for Aerospace Vehicle Reasoning (FAVER)
Ezhilarasu, C. M., Skaf, Z., & Jennions, I. K. (2019) · Annual Conference of the PHM Society · doi:10.36001/phmconf.2019.v11i1.887 · Cited by 4
Strain Gage Ramifications on Mistuning in As-Manufactured Models and Experimental Testing
Gillaugh, D. L., Kaszynski, A. A., Brown, J. M., et al. (2019) · doi:10.1115/gt2019-91484 · Cited by 4
Critical Infrastructure for Industry 4 Laboratories and Learning Factories in Academia
Marian, R. M., Campbell, D., Jin, Z., Stumptner, M., & Chahl, J. (2019) · IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) · doi:10.1109/ieem44572.2019.8978796 · Cited by 4
Model-predictive safety: A new evolution in functional safety
Soroush, M., Masooleh, L. S., Arbogast, J. E., et al. (2020) · Smart Manufacturing · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820027-8.00011-3 · Cited by 4
Alaasam, A. B. A., Radchenko, G., & Черных, А. Н. (2019) · Bulletin of the South Ural State University Series Computational Mathematics and Software Engineering · doi:10.14529/cmse190407 · Cited by 4
Engineering 4.0—Foundations of the Digitalization of Engineering
Eigner, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-33874-9_3 · Cited by 4
Strain Gage Ramifications on Mistuning in As-Manufactured Models and Experimental Testing
Gillaugh, D. L., Kaszynski, A. A., Brown, J. M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power · doi:10.1115/1.4045357 · Cited by 4
Synthetic point cloud generation for class segmentation applications
Stefanelli, M. G., Jain, A. R., Jalui, S., & Agapaki, E. (2022) · Computing in construction · doi:10.35490/ec3.2022.197 · Cited by 4
Self-Aware Vehicles: Mission and Performance Adaptation to System Health
Gregory, I. M., Leonard, C., & Scotti, S. J. (2016) · NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) · Cited by 4
A Complete Digital Chain to Enable the Digital Twin of a Shop Floor
Noël, F., Alpan, G., & Mangione, F. (2020) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62807-9_11 · Cited by 4
Construction of power grid digital twin model based on GAN
Li, C., & Yang, D. (2021) · China Automation Congress (CAC) · doi:10.1109/cac53003.2021.9728190 · Cited by 4
A Digital Twin Framework For Analysing Students’ Behaviours Using Educational Process MiningPreprint
Azeta, A. A., Agono, F., Falade, A. M., et al. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-51184/v1 · Cited by 4
A Model Proposal For Digital Twin Development: Essential Oil Extraction PerspectivePreprint
de Andrade, M. A., Lepikson, H., & Machado, C. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-300217/v1 · Cited by 3
A concept for human-cyber-physical systems of future wind turbines towards Industry 5.0Preprint
Chen, X., Eder, M., & Shihavuddin, A. (2020) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.13106108 · Cited by 4
Role of Digital Twin Technology in Medical Sector—Toward Ensuring Safe Healthcare
Kumar, S., Fred, A. L., Miriam, L. R. J., Christina, J. I., Kumar, H. A., Padmanabhan, P., & Gulyás, B. Z. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119842316.ch5 · Cited by 4
Digital Twins for Warship Systems: Technologies, Applications and Challenges
Ferreno-Gonzalez, S., Doce, A. M., González, M. M., Caamaño, L. S., & Casás, V. D. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119892199.ch7 · Cited by 4
High-Level Architecture for Interoperable Digital TwinsPreprint
Traoré, M. K. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202310.0659.v1 · Cited by 4
Digital twins in process engineering: An overview on computational and numerical methodsPreprint
Peterson, L., Gosea, I. V., Benner, P., & Sundmacher, K. (2024) · Computers and Chemical Engineering · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4747265 · Cited by 62
Device Management in the Internet of Medical Things: A Systematic ReviewPreprint
Ostermann, M., Freyer, O., Jahed, F., & Gilbert, S. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5534497/v1 · Cited by 4
A hydrographic dataset of the Wadden Sea as a foundation for a digital twin of the coastal ocean
Lepper, R., Reinert, M., Gundlach, J., et al. (2025) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-025-06211-1 · Cited by 4
Digital twin application in healthcare facilities management
Ebiloma, D. O., Aigbavboa, C. O., & Anumba, C. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-34226-4.00014-9 · Cited by 3
Data-Driven Decision-Making: Leveraging Digital Twins for Reprocessing in the Circular Factory
AFIFI, N., Mas, V. L., Hemmerich, J., Leitenberger, F., Hoffmann, L., Darijani, A., Grauberger, P., Heizmann, M., Beyerer, J., & Matthiesen, S. (2025) · Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb · doi:10.1515/zwf-2024-0160 · Cited by 4
Rao, V. B., & Spear, A. D. (2025) · npj Computational Materials · doi:10.1038/s41524-025-01741-z · Cited by 3
Bhaskar, A., Kashyap, A., Shukla, O. J., Kumar, R., Singh, A., & Oberoi, S. S. (2025) · International Journal of Systems Assurance Engineering and Management · doi:10.1007/s13198-025-02887-1 · Cited by 4
YOLOv8-SM-seg for screw hole localisation and vision-guided tracking in digital twin
Chao, Y., Lu, H., Zhu, H., et al. (2025) · Digital Twin · doi:10.1080/27525783.2025.2551315 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Glaessgen, E., & Stargel, D.
- Affiliations
- Langley Research Center (US)
- United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US)
- Venue
- 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference 20th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference 14th AIAA
- Published
- 2012-04-23
- OpenAlex
- W2046074714
- Semantic Scholar
- 733d40c04be482d38dbd21f82b81e0fc890b6669
- Cited by
- 2,404
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 214 · 2025: 332 · 2024: 451 · 2023: 381 · 2022: 342 · 2021: 278 · 2020: 211 · 2019: 108 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 11.20
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Engineering and Test Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Reliability and Maintenance Optimization
- Keywords
- digital twin, integrated vehicle health management, aircraft certification, fleet management, program sustainability, material property variation, maintenance history, safety and reliability
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
