Cited by 118Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationMedical Practices and RehabilitationMyofascial pain diagnosis and treatment

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Fear-Avoidance Beliefs and Clinical Outcomes for Patients Seeking Outpatient Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions

George, Steven Z., Stryker, Sandra E.·2011·Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

DOI 10.2519/jospt.2011.3488

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Abstract

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort. OBJECTIVE: To investigate fear-avoidance beliefs across different anatomical regions for patients with musculoskeletal pain. BACKGROUND: Fear-avoidance beliefs were first widely studied in patients with low back pain. The early results of studies involving patients with cervical spine, knee, and shoulder disorders suggest that fear-avoidance beliefs have the potential to influence pain and function in different anatomical regions. However, very few prospective studies of fear-avoidance beliefs involve multiple anatomical regions. METHODS: The sample of this study consisted of 313 patients (mean age, 45.5 years; 115 males, 198 females) seeking outpatient physical therapy for cervical spine (n = 63), upper extremity (n = 58), lumbar spine (n = 79), or lower extremity (n = 113) complaints. During the intake session, patients completed the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity scale (FABQ-PA), modified for the appropriate anatomical location. Patients also rated pain intensity and function on the Therapeutic Associates Outcomes System (TAOS) Functional Index at intake and discharge. The collection of treatment-related parameters included the number of visits, calendar days of physical therapy, and treatment received. FABQ-PA scores were compared across anatomical regions. Elevated FABQ-PA scores and anatomical regions were also investigated for association with intake pain and function, clinical outcomes, and treatment utility parameters. RESULTS: Similar FABQ-PA levels were observed across the 4 anatomical regions (P>.05). Number of visits, calendar days of physical therapy, and treatment received did not differ between elevated and lower fear-avoidance belief levels (P>.05). Findings for pain intensity and function were similar for each anatomical region. Patients with elevated fear-avoidance beliefs had higher intake scores (P<.05), larger improvements (P<.05), but similar discharge scores (P>.05), compared to those with lower fear-avoidance beliefs. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that, in patients with cervical, upper extremity, lumbar, or lower extremity complaints, fear-avoidance beliefs may have a similar influence on intake and change scores for pain intensity and function. General assessment of fear-avoidance beliefs using the FABQ-PA, especially to predict change scores, may be appropriate for use in patients with various musculoskeletal pain conditions.

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Authors: George, S. Z., & Stryker, S. E.
Affiliations: University of Florida (US)
ORCID: George, Steven Z.
Venue: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy
Publisher: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)
Published: 2011-04
Volume: 41
Issue: 4
Pages: 249-259
ISSN: 0190-6011 (ISSN-L)
1938-1344
DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2011.3488
OpenAlex: W2151805978
Cited by: 118
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 4.45
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Myofascial pain diagnosis and treatment
Keywords: fear-avoidance beliefs, musculoskeletal pain, outpatient physical therapy, cervical spine pain, lumbar spine pain, upper limb pain, lower limb pain, pain intensity, functional outcome, treatment utility
MeSH terms: Ambulatory Care, Analysis of Variance, Disability Evaluation, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Pain, Pain Measurement, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Treatment Outcome, Physical Therapy Modalities

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Fear-Avoidance Beliefs and Clinical Outcomes for Patients Seeking Outpatient Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions

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