Cited by 105Lower Extremity Biomechanics and PathologiesKnee injuries and reconstruction techniquesMuscle activation and electromyography studies

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Patellofemoral joint stress during weight bearing and non-weight bearing quadriceps exercises

Powers, Christopher M., Ho, Kai-Yu, Chen, Yu-Jen, Souza, Richard B., Farrokhi, Shawn·2014·Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

DOI 10.2519/jospt.2014.4936

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Abstract

STUDY DESIGN: Single-group, repeated-measures design. OBJECTIVE: To compare patellofemoral joint (PFJ) stress among weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing quadriceps exercises. BACKGROUND: An important consideration when prescribing exercises to strengthen the quadriceps in persons with patellofemoral pain is to minimize PFJ loading. Currently, there is disagreement in the literature as to which exercises and ranges of motion best accomplish this goal. METHODS: Ten healthy subjects participated. Lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography of the knee musculature were obtained during a weight-bearing squatting exercise and 2 non-weight-bearing knee extension exercises: (1) knee extension with variable resistance, and (2) knee extension with constant resistance. A previously described biomechanical model was used to estimate PFJ stress at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° of knee flexion. PFJ stress was compared among the 3 exercises using a 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. RESULTS: Compared to the 2 non-weight-bearing exercises, the squat exercise produced significantly higher PFJ stress at 90°, 75°, and 60° of knee flexion. Conversely, the 2 non-weight-bearing exercises produced significantly higher PFJ stress at 30°, 15°, and 0° of knee flexion when compared to the squat exercise. The knee-extension-with-variable-resistance exercise produced significantly lower PFJ stress than the knee-extension-with-constant-resistance exercise at 90°, 75°, and 60° of knee flexion. CONCLUSION: To minimize PFJ stress while performing quadriceps exercises, our data suggest that the squat exercise should be performed from 45° to 0° of knee flexion and the knee-extension-with-variable-resistance exercise should be performed from 90° to 45° of knee flexion.

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Authors: Powers, C. M., Ho, K.-Y., Chen, Y.-J., Souza, R. B., & Farrokhi, S.
Affiliations: University of Southern California (US)
ORCID: Powers, Christopher M.
Ho, Kai-Yu
Chen, Yu-Jen
Souza, Richard B.
Farrokhi, Shawn
Venue: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy
Publisher: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT)
Published: 2014-05
Volume: 44
Issue: 5
Pages: 320-327
ISSN: 0190-6011 (ISSN-L)
1938-1344
DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2014.4936
OpenAlex: W1975850183
Cited by: 105
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4
FWCI: 3.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Keywords: patellofemoral joint stress, patellofemoral pain, quadriceps exercise, weight-bearing exercise, squatting, knee extension, variable resistance, constant resistance, knee flexion range of motion, exercise prescription, knee kinematics, knee kinetics
MeSH terms: Adult, Biomechanical Phenomena, Female, Humans, Male, Stress, Mechanical, Range of Motion, Articular, Weight-Bearing, Quadriceps Muscle, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training, Young Adult, Patellofemoral Joint

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Patellofemoral joint stress during weight bearing and non-weight bearing quadriceps exercises

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