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The effect of various levels of ractopamine hydrochloride on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine.
Abstract
Six trials involving 888 pigs (Study 1) and three trials involving 360 pigs (Study 2) were conducted at various geographical locations in the U.S. and Canada to evaluate the effect of ractopamine hydrochloride on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine. All trials were conducted using a randomized complete block design. Trial data were pooled within study for statistical analysis. Pigs averaged approximately 64.5 kg (Study 1) and 65.9 kg (Study 2) initially and had ad libitum access to a 16% crude protein corn-soybean meal or barley-soybean meal diet. Ractopamine was included in the diet at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 or 30 ppm (Study 1), or at 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20 ppm (Study 2); diets were fed for an average of 45 d (Study 1) and 50 d (Study 2) to a final weight of about 104.3 kg (Study 1) and 106.6 kg (Study 2). Carcass dissection data were collected in three of the six trials in Study 1 (0, 5 and 20 ppm ractopamine) and in all three trials in Study 2 (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm ractopamine). All ractopamine levels improved (P less than .05) ADG and feed: gain (Studies 1 and 2) above those of control pigs. Ractopamine levels of 10 to 30 ppm (Studies 1 and 2) improved (P less than .05) dressing percentage over controls. Pigs fed ractopamine at 5 and 20 ppm (Study 1) and 10, 15 and 20 ppm (Study 2) had increased (P less than .05) dissected leanness compared with controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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“β2-adrenergic agonist such as salbutamol [40], clenbuterol [41], and ractopamine [42] promote muscle hypertrophy in animal models.”
From Effects of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy on Fat Mass and Glucose Homeostasis in Humans and Animals: A Narrative Review with Systematic Literature Search (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
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Effects of dietary factors and other metabolic modifiers on quality and nutritional value of meat
Dunshea, F. R., D’Souza, D. N., Pethick, D. W., Harper, G. S., & Warner, R. D. (2005) · Meat Science · doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.05.001 · Cited by 236
“, 1991) whereas backfat depths measured off the midline have been either decreased (Aalhus et al., 1990; Adeola et al., 1990; Dunshea et al., 1993b; Gu et al., 1991a; Watkins et al., 1990; Yen et al., 1991) or unchanged (Dunshea, King, Campbell, Sainz, & Kim, 1993c; Dunshea et al.”
BackgroundDunshea, F. R., King, R. H., Campbell, R. G., et al. (1993) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/1993.71112919x · Cited by 160
Armstrong, T. A., Ivers, D. J., Wagner, J. R., et al. (2004) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/2004.82113245x · Cited by 153
Self-citationShishani, E., Chai, S. C., Jamokha, S., et al. (2003) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00120-x · Cited by 143
Carr, S. N., Rincker, P. J., Killefer, J., et al. (2005) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/2005.831223x · Cited by 141
Metadata
- Authors
- Watkins, L. E., Jones, D. J., Mowrey, D. H., Anderson, D. B., & Veenhuizen, E. L.
- Affiliations
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- ORCID
- Anderson, D B
- Venue
- Journal of Animal Science
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1990
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3588
- ISSN
- 0021-8812 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W191217324
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 12.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Animal Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Pharmacological Effects and Assays
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Meat and Animal Product Quality
- Keywords
- ractopamine hydrochloride, fattening pigs, growth performance, carcass characteristics, average daily gain, feed efficiency, carcass yield, carcass leanness, feed additive dosage, corn-soybean meal diet
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Animals, Eating, Female, Growth Substances, Male, Muscles, Phenethylamines, Swine, Weight Gain, Muscle Development
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