Cited by 198Pharmacological Effects and AssaysAnimal Nutrition and PhysiologyMeat and Animal Product Quality

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The effect of various levels of ractopamine hydrochloride on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine.

Watkins, L E, Jones, D J, Mowrey, D H, Anderson, D B, Veenhuizen, E L·1990·Journal of Animal Science

DOI 10.2527/1990.68113588x

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Abstract

Six trials involving 888 pigs (Study 1) and three trials involving 360 pigs (Study 2) were conducted at various geographical locations in the U.S. and Canada to evaluate the effect of ractopamine hydrochloride on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine. All trials were conducted using a randomized complete block design. Trial data were pooled within study for statistical analysis. Pigs averaged approximately 64.5 kg (Study 1) and 65.9 kg (Study 2) initially and had ad libitum access to a 16% crude protein corn-soybean meal or barley-soybean meal diet. Ractopamine was included in the diet at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 or 30 ppm (Study 1), or at 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20 ppm (Study 2); diets were fed for an average of 45 d (Study 1) and 50 d (Study 2) to a final weight of about 104.3 kg (Study 1) and 106.6 kg (Study 2). Carcass dissection data were collected in three of the six trials in Study 1 (0, 5 and 20 ppm ractopamine) and in all three trials in Study 2 (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm ractopamine). All ractopamine levels improved (P less than .05) ADG and feed: gain (Studies 1 and 2) above those of control pigs. Ractopamine levels of 10 to 30 ppm (Studies 1 and 2) improved (P less than .05) dressing percentage over controls. Pigs fed ractopamine at 5 and 20 ppm (Study 1) and 10, 15 and 20 ppm (Study 2) had increased (P less than .05) dissected leanness compared with controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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The role of growth hormones, ß-adrenergic agents and intact males in pork production: A review
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“Oral administration of B-adrenergic agonists to pigs improves growth rate and feed efficiency by as much as 10 and 2O%, respectively (R. W. Jones et al. 1985; Moser et al. 1986; Cromwell et al. 1988; Adeola et al. 1990; Watkins et al. 1990).”
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Effects of ractopamine step-up use programs on finishing pigs fed under commercial conditions
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Ractopamine (Paylean) Response in Heavy-Weight Finishing Pigs
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“Watkins et al. (1990) and Carr et al. (2005b) also saw improvement in dressing percentage with 10 ppm RAC.”
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Development of rapid immunoassays for the detection of ractopamine in swine urine
Xinglong, L. I., Zhang, G., Deng, R., et al. (2010) · Food Additives & Contaminants Part A · doi:10.1080/19440041003754985 · Cited by 18
“It has the powerful effect of promoting pig growth with improved feed conversion, a shortened breeding period, decreased accumulation of body fat, increased daily weight gain, and carcass lean percentages (Watkins et al. 1990).”
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“4. β2-adrenergic agonist such as salbutamol [40], clen-buterol [41], and ractopamine [42] promote muscle hypertrophy in animal models.”
Highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for toxic ractopamine based on the enhancement effect of acetylene black nanoparticles
Wang, R., Wu, K., & Wu, C. (2015) · Analytical Methods · doi:10.1039/c5ay01625h · Cited by 17
Effects of feeding ractopamine hydrochloride (Paylean) to physical and immunological castrates (Improvest) in a commercial setting on growth performance and carcass characteristics
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“Feeding low levels (5 mg/kg) of RAC increased ADG and improved feed efficiency of finishing pigs (Watkins et al., 1990; Stites et al., 1991; 1Present address: Newsham Choice Genetics, West Des Moines, IA 50265 2Corresponding author: adilger2@illinois.edu Received December 18, 2013.”
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Dietary protein concentration and daily feed allowance influence response of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), to ractopamine
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Ferreira, M. S. D. S., de Sousa, R. V., Silva, V. D. O., et al. (2011) · Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences · doi:10.4025/actascianimsci.v33i1.9281 · Cited by 17
“Animal Sciences Maringá, v. 33, n. 1, p. 25-32, 2011 e dos carboidratos, redirecionando os nutrientes da dieta e favorecendo a síntese proteica em detrimento da deposição de tecido adiposo na carcaça (GUNAWAN et al., 2007; WATKINS et al., 1990).”
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Temporal changes in growth enhancement by ractopamine in pigs: performance aspects
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Effects of feed treatment and gender on the flavour and texture profiles of cured and uncured pork cuts. I. Ractopamine treatment and dietary protein level
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Variation in the response of multiple genetic populations of pigs to ractopamine
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“…in the database reported an increase in loin area in pigs fed diets containing ractopamine (Adeola et al., 1990; Bark et al., 1992; Carr et al., 2005a, 2005b; Crome et al., 1996; Mimbs et al., 2005; See et al., 2004; Stites et al., 1991; Watkins et al., 1990; Weber et al., 2006; Xiao et al., 1999).”
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The influence of creatine and a high glycemic carbohydrate on the growth performance and meat quality of market hogs fed ractopamine hydrochloride
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“…Schinckel, Watkins, Weldon, and Richert (2001) have found this difference in a*-values to be negligible while Stites et al. (1991), Stites et al. (1994) and Watkins et al. (1990) found no differences when comparing the a*-values of chops from pigs fed 5 ppm Paylean to those from control animals.”
Carcass traits and cutting yields of entire and immunocastrated pigs fed increasing protein levels with and without ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation1–3
Needham, T., & Hoffman, L. C. (2015) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2015-9183 · Cited by 15
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Pharmacology of doping agents—mechanisms promoting muscle hypertrophy
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Physiopathological changes related to the use of ractopamine in swine: Clinical and pathological investigations
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“…(RAC) is a ß-adrenergic agonist (ß-agonist) which at repartitioning doses has been found to increase muscle growth and decrease fat deposition in different animal species (Baker et al., 1984; Mersmann, 1998; Mills and Spurlock, 2003; Ricks et al., 1984; Sillence, 2004; Watkins et al., 1990).”

Authors: Watkins, L. E., Jones, D. J., Mowrey, D. H., Anderson, D. B., & Veenhuizen, E. L.
Affiliations: Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
ORCID: Anderson, D B
Venue: Journal of Animal Science
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1990
Volume: 68
Issue: 11
Pages: 3588
ISSN: 0021-8812 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2527/1990.68113588x
OpenAlex: W191217324
Cited by: 198
References: 0
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 12.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Animal Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Pharmacological Effects and Assays
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Meat and Animal Product Quality
Keywords: ractopamine hydrochloride, fattening pigs, growth performance, carcass characteristics, average daily gain, feed efficiency, carcass yield, carcass leanness, feed additive dosage, corn-soybean meal diet
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Animals, Eating, Female, Growth Substances, Male, Muscles, Phenethylamines, Swine, Weight Gain, Muscle Development

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The effect of various levels of ractopamine hydrochloride on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine.

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