Influence of high ambient temperatures on performance of multiparous lactating sows
Abstract
Multiparous Large White sows (n = 63) were used to investigate the effects of five ambient temperatures (18, 22, 25, 27, and 29 degrees C) and two dietary protein contents on their lactation performance. At each temperature treatment, ambient temperature was maintained constant over the 21-d lactation period. Dietary protein content was either 14 or 17% with essential amino acids levels calculated not to be limiting. The animals had ad libitum access to feed between the seventh and the 19th day of lactation. Diet composition did not influence lactation performance. Over the 21-d lactation, feed intake decreased from 5.67 to 3.08 kg/d between 18 and 29 degrees C. Between d 7 and 19, the corresponding values were 7.16 and 3.48 kg/d, respectively. This decrease was curvilinear; an equation to predict voluntary feed intake (VFI) from temperature (T, degrees C) and body weight (BW, kg) is proposed: VFI = -49,052 + 1,213 T - 31.5 T2 + 330 BW - .61 BW2 (residual standard deviation: 1,018). Skin temperature increased regularly with increased ambient temperature (34.6 to 37.4 degrees C between 18 and 29 degrees C), whereas udder temperature reached a plateau at 25 degrees C (38.3 degrees C). The gradient of temperature between skin and rectum was minimal (2 degrees C ) at 27 degrees C and remained constant at 29 degrees C. This constancy coincides with the marked reduction of feed intake. The respiratory rate increased from 26 to 124 breaths/min between 18 and 29 degrees C, and this indicates that the evaporative critical temperature was below 22 degrees C. The BW loss increased from 23 to 35 kg between 18 and 29 degrees C, but its estimated chemical composition remained constant. Pig growth rate was almost constant between 18 and 25 degrees C (241 g/d) and was reduced above 25 degrees C (212 and 189 g/d at 27 and 29 degrees C, respectively). In conclusion, temperatures above 25 degrees C seem to be critical for lactating sows in order to maintain their performance.
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Heat stress decreases piglet weight gain.
“decrease piglet weight gain [5]”
From Modeling of Heat Stress in Sows—Part 1: Establishment of the Prediction Model for the Equivalent Temperature Index of the Sows (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
Heat stress increases weight loss through lactation.
“increase weight loss through lactation [5]”
From Modeling of Heat Stress in Sows—Part 1: Establishment of the Prediction Model for the Equivalent Temperature Index of the Sows (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
In previous studies, the monitored frequency of respiration rate was low, or the number of samples was small, so that the influences of the above factors were ignored.
“In previous studies, the monitored frequency of respiration rate was low [5], or the number of samples was small [51], so that the influences of the above factors were ignored.”
From Modeling of Heat Stress in Sows—Part 1: Establishment of the Prediction Model for the Equivalent Temperature Index of the Sows (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
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“Heat stress can reduce fertility rate [3,4], decrease piglet weight gain [5], decrease milk production [6], increase weight loss through lactation [5] and increase death rate [7].”
BackgroundHuang, T., Rong, L., Zhang, G., Brandt, P., Bjerg, B., Pedersen, P., & Granath, S. W. Y. (2021) · Biosystems Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2021.08.024 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Quiniou, N., & Noblet, J.
- Affiliations
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Quiniou, N
- ORCID
- Quiniou, N
- Venue
- Journal of Animal Science
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1999
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2124
- ISSN
- 0021-8812 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W39839393
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 8.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Animal Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- heat stress, ambient temperature, lactating sows, multiparous sows, feed intake, skin temperature, udder temperature, respiratory rate, weight loss, pig growth rate, dietary protein, Large White pigs, heat stress mitigation, body composition, lactation performance
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Feed, Animal Husbandry, Energy Intake, Diet, Female, Hot Temperature, Lactation, Oxygen Consumption, Swine, Weight Loss
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