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Developmental programming: The concept, large animal models, and the key role of uteroplacental vascular development1,2
Abstract
Developmental programming refers to the programming of various bodily systems and processes by a stressor of the maternal system during pregnancy or during the neonatal period. Such stressors include nutritional stress, multiple pregnancy (i.e., increased numbers of fetuses in the gravid uterus), environmental stress (e.g., high environmental temperature, high altitude, prenatal steroid exposure), gynecological immaturity, and maternal or fetal genotype. Programming refers to impaired function of numerous bodily systems or processes, leading to poor growth, altered body composition, metabolic dysfunction, and poor productivity (e.g., poor growth, reproductive dysfunction) of the offspring throughout their lifespan and even across generations. A key component of developmental programming seems to be placental dysfunction, leading to altered fetal growth and development. We discuss various large animal models of developmental programming and how they have and will continue to contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying altered placental function and developmental programming, and, further, how large animal models also will be critical to the identification and application of therapeutic strategies that will alleviate the negative consequences of developmental programming to improve offspring performance in livestock production and human medicine.
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“The increase in vascularization is matched by exponential rises in uterine and umbilical blood flows throughout pregnancy, which are of critical importance for fetal growth (461).”
From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [461]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Reynolds, L. P., Borowicz, P. P., Caton, J. S., Vonnahme, K. A., Luther, J. S., Hammer, C. J., Maddock Carlin, K. R., Grazul-Bilska, A. T., & Redmer, D. A.
- Affiliations
- North Dakota State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reynolds, L. P.
- Venue
- Journal of Animal Science
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-04-01
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- suppl_13
- Pages
- E61-E72
- ISSN
- 0021-8812 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-3163
- OpenAlex
- W2058191370
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Animal Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
- Keywords
- developmental programming, placental insufficiency, fetal growth restriction, fetal programming, large animal model, multiple pregnancy, maternal nutrition, metabolic dysfunction, offspring growth, animal husbandry, transgenerational effects
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Animal Husbandry, Animals, Domestic, Cattle, Female, Male, Models, Biological, Placenta, Pregnancy, Sheep, Placental Circulation, Fetal Development
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