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Cited by 99Effects of Environmental Stressors on LivestockReproductive Physiology in LivestockGenetic and phenotypic traits in livestock

Effect of daily environmental temperature on farrowing rate and total born in dam line sows1

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Bloemhof, S., Mathur, P. K., Knol, E. F., van der Waaij, E. H.·2013·Journal of Animal Science
DOI 10.2527/jas.2012-5902
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Abstract

Heat stress is known to adversely affect reproductive performance of sows. However, it is important to know on which days or periods during the reproduction cycle heat stress has the greatest effects for designing appropriate genetic or management strategies. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify days and periods that have greatest effects on farrowing rate and total born of sows using 5 different measures of heat stress. The data consisted of 22,750 records on 5024 Dutch Yorkshire dam line sows from 16 farms in Spain and Portugal. Heat stress on a given day was measured in terms of maximum temperature, diurnal temperature range and heat load. The heat load was estimated using 3 definitions considering different upper critical temperatures. Identification of days during the reproduction cycle that had maximum effect was based on the Pearson correlation between the heat stress variable and the reproduction trait, estimated for each day during the reproduction cycle. Polynomial functions were fitted to describe the trends of these correlations and the days with greatest negative correlation were considered as days with maximum effect. Correlations were greatest for maximum temperature, followed by those for heat load and diurnal temperature range. Correlations for both farrowing rate and total born were stronger in gilts than in sows. This implies that heat stress has a stronger effect on reproductive performance of gilts than of sows. Heat stress during the third week (21 to 14 d) before first insemination had largest effect on farrowing rate. Heat stress during the period between 7 d before successful insemination until 12 d after that had largest effect on total born. Correlations between temperatures on consecutive days during these periods were extremely high ( > 0.9). Therefore, for farrowing rate the maximum temperature on 21 d before first insemination and for total born the maximum temperature at day of successful insemination can be used as predictive measures of heat stress in commercial sow farms. Additionally, differences between daughter groups of sires were identified in response to high temperatures. This might indicate possibilities for genetic selection on heat tolerance.

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Authors
Bloemhof, S., Mathur, P. K., Knol, E. F., & van der Waaij, E. H.
Affiliations
  • Wageningen University & Research (NL)
  • TOPIGS Research Center IPG, P.O. Box 43, 6640 AA Beuningen, The Netherlands
  • Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
Corresponding author
Knol, E. F.
Venue
Journal of Animal Science
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2013-06-01
Volume
91
Issue
6
Pages
2667-2679
ISSN
  • 0021-8812 (ISSN-L)
  • 1525-3163
DOI
10.2527/jas.2012-5902
OpenAlex
W2061412082
Cited by
99
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4
FWCI
9.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Animal Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Organic Eprints (International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems, and Research Institute of Organic Agriculture) (acceptedVersion)
  • Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Keywords
heat stress, sows, farrowing rate, reproductive performance, ambient temperature, heat load, diurnal temperature range, maximum temperature, gilts, sire effects, heat tolerance, genetic selection
MeSH terms
Animals, Female, Hot Temperature, Insemination, Litter Size, Parity, Portugal, Pregnancy, Reproduction, Spain, Time Factors, Heat-Shock Response, Sus scrofa

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