The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Impactful Research on Transformational Information Technology: An Opportunity to Inform New Audiences1
Abstract
Information technology has arguably been one of the most important drivers of economic and social value in the last 50 years, enabling transformational change in virtually every aspect of society. Although the Information Systems community is engaged in significant research on IT, the reach of our findings may be limited. In this commentary, our objective is to focus the IS community’s attention on the striking transformations in economic and social systems spawned by IT and to encourage more research that offers useful implications for policy. We present examples of transformations occurring in four distinct sectors of the economy and propose policy-relevant questions that need to be addressed. We urge researchers to write papers based on their findings that inform policy makers, managers, and decision makers about the issues that transformational technologies raise. Finally, we suggest a new outlet to publish these essays on the implications of transformational informational technology.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Digital transformation is changing how small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) create and capture value (Bharadwaj, El Sawy, Pavlou, & Venkatraman, 2013;Lucas, Agarwal, Clemons, El Sawy, & Weber, 2013).”
From Digitalization, business models, and SMEs: How do business model innovation practices improve performance of digitalizing SMEs? (2019) · cites this paper as Lucas, Agarwal, Clemons, El Sawy, & Weber, 2013
Citations
Cites
Bates, D. W. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.280.15.1311 · Cited by 2,107
The Path to Personalized Medicine
Hamburg, M. A., & Collins, F. S. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp1006304 · Cited by 1,970
Hawn, C. (2009) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.28.2.361 · Cited by 821
When is an invention really radical?
Dahlin, K., & Behrens, D. M. (2005) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2005.03.009 · Cited by 578
The value relevance of announcements of transformational information technology investments
Dehning, B., Richardson, V. J., & Zmud, R. W. (2003) · Chapman University Digital Commons (Chapman University) · doi:10.5555/2017204.2017210 · Cited by 349
The Value Relevance of Announcements of Transformational Information Technology Investments1
Dehning, B., Richardson, & Zmud, R. W. (2003) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/30036551 · Cited by 344
The Kaiser Permanente Electronic Health Record: Transforming And Streamlining Modalities Of Care
Chen, C., Garrido, T., Chock, D., Okawa, G., & Liang, L. (2009) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.28.2.323 · Cited by 300
A Nation Transformed by Information
Chandler, A. D., & Cortada, J. W. (2000) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195127010.001.0001 · Cited by 160
Information technologies for the 1990s: an organizational impact perspective
Straub, D. W., & Wetherbe, J. C. (1989) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/68814.68818 · Cited by 119
Cross‐boundary disruptors: powerful interindustry entrepreneurial change agents
Burgelman, R. A., & Grove, A. S. (2007) · Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal · doi:10.1002/sej.27 · Cited by 107
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- El Sway, 2003, The 3 Faces of Information Systems Identity: Connection, Immersion, and Fusion, Communications of the AIS, 12, 588
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 355
ICT LEADERSHIP AS ENABLER OF BUSINESS PERFORMANCES: AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
Mijailovic, D., Klochkov, Y., Mišić, M., Đorđević, A., Stojčetović, B., Pavlović, A., & Djordjevic, M. Z. (2022) · International Journal for Quality Research · doi:10.24874/ijqr16.01-12 · Cited by 4
Ontologias para organização da informação em processos de transformação digital
Mendonça, F. M., & Zaidan, F. H. (2019) · Em Questão · doi:10.19132/1808-5245251.295-320 · Cited by 4
A proposal for a 360° information system model for private health care organizations
Magalhães, D., Martins, J., Branco, F., Au‐Yong‐Oliveira, M., Gonçalves, R., & Moreira, F. (2019) · Expert Systems · doi:10.1111/exsy.12420 · Cited by 4
A New Business Design Tool for Digital Business Model Innovation: DEA Approach
Turi, I. D., & Antonicelli, M. (2020) · International Business Research · doi:10.5539/ibr.v13n6p86 · Cited by 4
When Energy Revolution Meets Digital Transformation
Benzerga, S., Hauf, D., Pretz, M., & Bounfour, A. (2017) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59424-8_7 · Cited by 4
Big Data Use and Challenges: Insights from Two Internet-Mediated Surveys
Rossi, E., Rubattino, C., & Viscusi, G. (2019) · Computers · doi:10.3390/computers8040073 · Cited by 4
Farea, A., Munir, M., Ullah, R., Otreba, M., Carroll, S., & Harrington, J. (2023) · IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom) · doi:10.1109/trustcom60117.2023.00337 · Cited by 3
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE ON QUALITY TIME SPENT WITH FAMILY AMONG IIUM STUDENTS
Badrol, S. H. M., & Wok, S. (2020) · International Journal of Modern Trends in Social Sciences · doi:10.35631/ijmtss.314001 · Cited by 3
Influencing Environmentally Sustainable Consumer Choice through Information Transparency
Leidner, D. E., Sutanto, J., & Goutas, L. (2022) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2022.579 · Cited by 3
Industrial Transformation Roadmap for Digitalisation and Smart Factories: The Danish SMEs Model
Addo-Tenkorang, R., Møller, C., & Chen, K.-L. (2023) · International Conference on e-Business · doi:10.5220/0012094300003552 · Cited by 3
The ICT usage in the Middle East: contribution to the development of the society
Matar, L., & Aoun, G. (2024) · Journal of Decision System · doi:10.1080/12460125.2024.2428186 · Cited by 3
Strategies for Shaping and Implementing Digital Transformation in the Retail Value Chain
Adam, G., & Kopanaki, E. (2025) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2025.02.146 · Cited by 3
The New Economy and New Business Models
Echeberría, A. L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60049-5_2 · Cited by 3
Der Begriff der digitalen Transformation: Ein transdisziplinärer Literaturüberblick
Riasanow, T., Setzke, D. S., Böhm, M., & Krcmar, H. (2022) · Informationsmanagement und digitale Transformation · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-37571-3_4 · Cited by 2
Green IS: Enabling, Transforming, Both, or Neither?
Howard, G. R., Lubbe, S., & Klopper, R. (2015) · Informing Science and IT Education Conference · doi:10.28945/2108 · Cited by 2
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OR INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: WHAT DIRECTION ARE COMPANIES GOING IN?
Nwaiwu, F., & Buřita, L. (2019) · International Bata Conference for Ph.D. Students and Young Researchers (DOKBAT) · doi:10.7441/dokbat.2019.080 · Cited by 2
Market and Entrepreneurship in Digital Disruption
Aziz, S. S., Diawati, P., Andriana, R., Heikal, M., & Widyaningrum, M. (2020) · Cited by 2
Veglianti, E. (2022) · SpringerBriefs in business · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16738-6_1 · Cited by 2
Accelerating the Digital Transformation of Smart Cities in COVID-19 Pandemic Context
Radu, L.-D., & Vodă, A. I. (2023) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80455-994-920231002 · Cited by 2
Pemulihan Ekonomi Kota Pontianak melalui Digitalisasi UMKM Berbasis Ekonomi Kreatif
Suhedi, S., & Alfarisi, M. A. (2023) · Al-Kharaj Jurnal Ekonomi Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah · doi:10.47467/alkharaj.v6i2.5274 · Cited by 2
Srivastava, R., Bagdi, S. K., & Gulati, A. (2024) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-8612-5_1 · Cited by 2
Digital Transformation Roadmap for Danish SME Smart Factories: Benefits and Future Research
Addo-Tenkorang, R., Møller, C., & Chen, K.-L. (2024) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-67904-9_3 · Cited by 2
Jiang, Y., & Lyu, B. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40028 · Cited by 2
RetractedOesterreich, T. D., Anton, E., Schuir, J., Teuteberg, F., Al-Busaidi, A. S., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2025) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-025-10598-y · Cited by 2
Digital Transformation Strategies for Small Business Management
Umar, M. A. (2022) · Advances in logistics, operations, and management science book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9764-4.ch019 · Cited by 2
How Do Community Ecology and Structure Shape Digital Innovation Strategy
Wang, P., Xu, M., & Butler, B. S. (2015) · International Conference on Information Systems · Cited by 2
Essays on Health Information Technology: Insights from Analyses of Big Datasets
Chen, L. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/8425416 · Cited by 2
Advancing Engineering Education through Technology-Driven Teaching Innovations
Ismail, M., Parsaei, H. R., Guo, B., Kakosimos, K. E., Dufresne, R., & Alaeddine, N. (2016) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/p.26532 · Cited by 2
Lemke, C., Brenner, W., & Kirchner, K. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-53656-8_7 · Cited by 2
Fleig, C., Augenstein, D., & Maedche, A. (2018) · Lecture notes in business information processing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92901-9_9 · Cited by 2
A Strategic View of IT and Innovativeness
Wynn, D. E., & Ferratt, T. W. (2019) · ACM SIGCPR Conference on Computer Personnel Research (SIGCPR) · doi:10.1145/3322385.3322401 · Cited by 2
Nunyuie, O., & Mingyue, F. (2020) · International Journal of Innovative Research and Development · doi:10.24940/ijird/2020/v9/i5/may20035 · Cited by 2
Die Geschäftsführung als Enabler der digitalen Transformation in kleinen Unternehmen
Barwinski, R., Bouncken, R. B., & Henkelmann, L. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Klein- und Mittelunternehmen/Zeitschrift für KMU und Entrepreneurship · doi:10.3790/zfke.69.2.97 · Cited by 2
Exploring the Impact of Globalization and Technology on Supply Chain Management
Hu, J., & Haddud, A. (2019) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-0945-6.ch065 · Cited by 3
Теоретичні засади оцінки цифрової трансформації економічних процесів компанії
Ісаєв, А. М., & Шиманська, К. В. (2022) · Економіка управління та адміністрування · doi:10.26642/ema-2022-3(101)-9-14 · Cited by 2
Corporate Social Reasonability Roles in Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics in Management
Rupp, W. R., & Smith, A. D. (2023) · Advances in data mining and database management book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-5959-1.ch004 · Cited by 2
Boţa‐Avram, C. (2023) · SpringerBriefs in business · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26765-9_5 · Cited by 2
Information Systems And Employment: From Idealization To Understanding As Stepping Stone To Action
Loebbecke, C., & Krcmar, H. (2014) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 2
Bensberg, F., Griese, K., & Schmidt, A. U. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-26113-9_11 · Cited by 2
Lipid Metabolism in Plants Under High Temperature
Bhattacharya, A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817562-0.00004-5 · Cited by 2
Editorial Introduction: Contextual Evolution of SMEs across Markets, Disciplines and Sectors
Thrassou, A., Vrontis, D., Weber, Y., Shams, S. M. R., & Tsoukatos, E. (2020) · Palgrave studies in cross-disciplinary business research, in association with EuroMed Academy of Business · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45835-5_1 · Cited by 2
Everything as a Service (XaaS)
Riasanow, T., & Krcmar, H. (2020) · Handbuch Digitale Wirtschaft · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-17345-6_70-1
Assisted Sustainability: How Digital Technologies Promote Corporate Sustainability
Schrade-Grytsenko, L., Kappler, K. E., & Smolnik, S. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17125561 · Cited by 2
Huang, Z., & Huang, A. (2025) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2025.2574036 · Cited by 1
Talan, K., & Gupta, N. (2026) · Future Business Journal · doi:10.1186/s43093-026-00731-x · Cited by 1
Kocaoğlu, B. (2026) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems14050532 · Cited by 1
Magalhães, D., Martins, J., Gonçalves, R., Branco, F., Au‐Yong‐Oliveira, M., & Moreira, F. (2017) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56541-5_27 · Cited by 1
Synchronized Information in the Producer-Consumer Problem
Hamroush, A., & Tawfik, H. (2014) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 1
Performance Management in Digital Transformation
Shrestha, M., & Kumar, R. (2022) · Advances in logistics, operations, and management science book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9764-4.ch001 · Cited by 1
Enhancing Supply Chain Resilience Through Digital Capabilities
Umar, M. A. (2022) · Advances in logistics, operations, and management science book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-5882-2.ch001 · Cited by 1
Industrial Revolutions and Supply Network 5.0
Nicoletti, B. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22032-6_3 · Cited by 2
Brink, T. A., Sørensen, H. B., & Neville, M. (2023) · Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications · doi:10.3233/faia230007 · Cited by 1
Exploratory Study on Digital Fitness Service Experience Based on Grounded Theory
Sun, S., Jang, W.-S., & Pan, Y. (2023) · Journal of Digital Contents Society · doi:10.9728/dcs.2023.24.1.177 · Cited by 1
Digital Transformation in Contemporary Organizations
Ünal, Z. M. (2023) · Advances in environmental engineering and green technologies book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-6366-6.ch005 · Cited by 1
Bensberg, F., & Buscher, G. (2017) · Anwendungen und Konzepte der Wirtschaftsinformatik · doi:10.26034/lu.akwi.2017.3189 · Cited by 1
An Overview and Framework for a Marketing Viewpoint on Digital Business Models
Candraningrat, Primasari, N. S., & Wasik, Z. (2024) · Journal of Managerial Sciences and Studies · doi:10.61160/jomss.v2i1.36 · Cited by 1
Daxbacher, E. F., Meira, S. R. D. L., & Soares, S. (2024) · International Journal of Innovation · doi:10.5585/2024.25479 · Cited by 1
Fessi, L., & Slimane, K. B. (2024) · Management & Prospective · doi:10.3917/g2000.403.0155 · Cited by 1
Kaichouh, S., Abbadi, Z., & Ganbour, R. E. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76444-8_15 · Cited by 1
Foà, C., & Geada, N. (2025) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-3698-0_6 · Cited by 1
Kirişçi, Ö. (2025) · Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi · doi:10.30783/nevsosbilen.1520022 · Cited by 1
Developing a Smart Personal Health Monitoring Architecture and Its Capacity
Li, S., Wang, Y., & Zhang, M. (2021) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-3631-8_11 · Cited by 1
Lyu, F., & Zhu, Y. (2021) · IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) · doi:10.1109/ieem50564.2021.9673079 · Cited by 1
Peran Teknologi bagi Perubahan Organisasi: Studi Bibliometrik
Annisa, S., Raharja, S. J., & Rivani (2022) · JEBA (Journal of Economics and Business Aseanomics) · doi:10.33476/jeba.v7i1.2232 · Cited by 1
Firmansyah, R., Hasanah, N., & Sumiati, A. (2021) · Jurnal Akuntansi Perpajakan dan Auditing · doi:10.21009/japa.0203.03 · Cited by 1
Veldhoven, Z. V., Kiliç, K., Prakash, D., Smith-Cooper, R. M., & Vanthienen, J. (2023) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43703-8_12 · Cited by 1
PENGUATAN JEJARING BISNIS KUE KERING MELALUI GRUP WHATSAPP DI DESA KARANGWIDORO KECAMATAN DAU-MALANG
Saroh, S., Widayawati, E., & Prohimi, A. H. A. (2023) · Jurnal Al-Ijtimaiyyah · doi:10.22373/al-ijtimaiyyah.v9i2.20110 · Cited by 1
Digital Technology Use Among Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
Szedlak, C., & Reinemann, H. (2023) · International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM) · doi:10.46254/ev01.20230100 · Cited by 1
Lee, J., Kim, J. S., & Shin, S. I. (2023) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2023.370 · Cited by 1
Value creation through strategic social media use in HR management
Wolf, M. (2018) · Birkbeck Institutional Research Online (BiRO) - Theses · doi:10.18743/pub.00040358 · Cited by 1
Agarwal, R. (2013) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2013.0507 · Cited by 1
Self-citationIntroduction to the Minitrack on Making Digital Transformation Real
Baiyere, A., Wessel, L., & Mosconi, E. P. (2023) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2023.513 · Cited by 1
Starting-up an IT-enabled disruptive innovation: a stage model
Lu, A., Tan, F. T. C., & Land, L. P. W. (2013) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems
Hildebrandt, B., Hanelt, A., Firk, S., & Kolbe, L. M. (2015)
V Mechanism Stability—Flash Crashes and Avalanche Effects
Brandt, T. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-12415-1_5
(2015) · Innovative Journal of Business and Management · doi:10.15520/ijbm.vol4.iss2.14.pp9-22
Digital strategy: Purpose, positioning and process of development
D'Cruz, M. (2017) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.102840
Employing web-based information in financial decision-making
Green, L. (2018) · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)
Les Grands Auteurs en Systèmes d'information
Amrani, R. E. (2018) · EMS Editions eBooks · doi:10.3917/ems.walsh.2018.01.0408
Andersson, V., & Enström, K. (2020) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Blockchain Technology and New Business Models for Banks in the Financial Services Industry
Sabourin, V., & Aka-Brou, M. C. (2020) · Advances in finance, accounting, and economics book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7110-1.ch001
PROSUMERIC ACTIVITY OF CONTEMPORARY FINAL PURCHASERS VS. THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH OFFERORS
Baruk, A. I. (2020) · Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW Polityki Europejskie Finanse i Marketing · doi:10.22630/pefim.2020.24.73.23
The Degree of SMEs Digitalization in the Context of the European Digital United Market
Iuga, I. C. (2021) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7192-7.ch004
The Digital Transformation and Lean: Synchronizing Approaches in Healthcare
Dyudina, O. V. (2021) · Lecture notes in civil engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86047-9_25
Impact of Digital Payment Systems on Societal Wellbeing
Zahid, S. (2021) · Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology)
O PAPEL DA TRANSFORMAÇÃO DIGITAL NO SETOR DE ATENDIMENTO PRÉ- HOSPITALAR
Matos, C. C. P., Laurindo, F. J. B., de Andrade, N. M., & Gonçalves, R. F. (2021) · Anais ... Encontro Nacional de Engenharia de Produção/Anais do Encontro Nacional de Engenharia de Produção · doi:10.14488/enegep2021_tn_sd_378_1884_42977
(2021) · EMS Editions eBooks · doi:10.3917/ems.messe.2021.01.0115
DİJİTALLEŞMEDE MOBİL SAĞLIK İŞ MODELLERİ
KARADEMİR, A. Ç., & AKÇA, Y. (2022) · Yönetim Ekonomi Edebiyat İslami ve Politik Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.24013/jomelips.1035728 · Cited by 1
Implementing Sustainable Entrepreneurial Opportunities through Innovation
(2020) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80043-147-820201006
Človek v družbi 5.0: Spremembe v odnosu do uporabe podkožnih mikročipov
Баггиа, А., Werber, B., & Žnidaršič, A. (2022) · doi:10.18690/um.fov.6.2022.6
Stanje strateške skladnosti poslovanja in IT v Sloveniji
Leskovar, R., & Kavčič, B. (2022) · doi:10.18690/um.fov.6.2022.8
Izzivi tehnologije veriženja blokov
Werber, B., & Rajkovič, U. (2022) · doi:10.18690/um.fov.6.2022.7
Četrt stoletja digitalnih poslovnih modelov
Vidmar, D., & Pucihar, A. (2022) · doi:10.18690/um.fov.6.2022.4
Jedro in jezik Essence v kontekstu kakovosti programske opreme
Leskovar, R., & Belič, Z. (2022) · doi:10.18690/um.fov.6.2022.10
Gyanchandani, R., & Nathani, B. (2021) · Journal of Global Information and Business Strategy · doi:10.5958/2582-6115.2021.00002.3
Kumar, R., & Kumar, A. (2022) · Advances in logistics, operations, and management science book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9764-4.ch013
Metadata
- Authors
- Lucas, H. C., Agarwal, R., Clemons, E. K., El Sawy, O. A., & Weber, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 U.S.A.
- University of Delaware (US)
- Venue
- MIS Quarterly
- Publisher
- MIS Quarterly
- Published
- 2013-06-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 371-382
- ISSN
- 0276-7783 (ISSN-L)
- 2162-9730
- OpenAlex
- W1508556750
- Cited by
- 358
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 65.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- MIS Quarterly (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › General Social Sciences › Information Society and Technology Trends
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › ICT Impact and Policies
- Keywords
- economic transformation, social change, policy-relevant research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review