3D-printed lunar regolith simulant-based geopolymer composites with bio-inspired sandwich architectures
Open accessAbstract
Over time, natural materials have evolved to be lightweight, high-strength, tough, and damage-tolerant due to their unique biological structures. Therefore, combining biological inspiration and structural design would provide traditional materials with a broader range of performance and applications. Here, the application of an ink-based three-dimensional (3D) printing strategy to the structural design of a Lunar regolith simulant-based geopolymer (HIT-LRS-1 GP) was first reported, and high-precision carbon fiber/quartz sand-reinforced biomimetic patterns inspired by the cellular sandwich structure of plant stems were fabricated. This study demonstrated how different cellular sandwich structures can balance the structure–property relationship and how to achieve unprecedented damage tolerance for a geopolymer composite. The results presented that components based on these biomimetic architectures exhibited stable non-catastrophic fracture characteristics regardless of the compression direction, and each structure possessed effective damage tolerance and anisotropy of mechanical properties. The results showed that the compressive strengths of honeycomb sandwich patterns, triangular sandwich patterns, wave sandwich patterns, and rectangular sandwich patterns in the Y-axis (Z-axis) direction were 15.6, 17.9, 11.3, and 20.1 MPa (46.7, 26.5, 23.8, and 34.4 MPa), respectively, and the maximum fracture strain corresponding to the above four structures could reach 10.2%, 6.7%, 5.8%, and 5.9% (12.1%, 13.7%, 13.6%, and 13.9%), respectively.
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Bio-inspired geopolymer composite structures exhibited remarkable anisotropic behavior and stable, non-catastrophic failure characteristics regardless of compression direction.
“The study investigated the mechanical properties of bio-inspired structures, emphasizing their remarkable anisotropic behavior and stable, non-catastrophic failure characteristics, regardless of the compression direction.”
From A comprehensive review of lunar-based manufacturing and construction (2024) · cites this paper as [263]
Despite having microcracks under loading conditions, bio-inspired patterns still maintain a certain level of structural integrity.
“Despite having microcracks under loading conditions, these patterns still maintain a certain level of structural integrity.”
From A comprehensive review of lunar-based manufacturing and construction (2024) · cites this paper as [263]
In the Y-axis direction, compressive strengths of bio-inspired sandwich structures varied between 11.3 and 20.1 MPa, with maximum fracture strains ranging from 5.8% to 10.2%.
“In the Y-axis direction, compressive strengths varied between 11.3 and 20 . 1 MPa across the different sandwich structures, with maximum fracture strains ranging from 5.8% to 10.2%.”
From A comprehensive review of lunar-based manufacturing and construction (2024) · cites this paper as [263]
The Z-axis compressive strength surpassed that of the Y-axis and many other printed materials with different architectures.
“Notably, the 𝑍 -axis compressive strength surpassed that of the 𝑌 -axis and many other printed materials with different architectures.”
From A comprehensive review of lunar-based manufacturing and construction (2024) · cites this paper as [263]
In the Z-axis direction, compressive strengths ranged from 23.8 to 46.7 MPa, with maximum fracture strains varying between 12.1% and 13.9%.
“Moving to the 𝑍 -axis direction, compressive strengths ranged from 23.8 to 46 . 7 MPa , with corresponding maximum fracture strains varying between 12.1% to 13.9%.”
From A comprehensive review of lunar-based manufacturing and construction (2024) · cites this paper as [263]
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- Authors
- Ma, S., Jiang, Y., Fu, S., He, P., Sun, C., Duan, X., Jia, D., Colombo, P., & Zhou, Y.
- Affiliations
- Harbin Institute of Technology (CN)
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (DE)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Advanced Ceramics
- Publisher
- Tsinghua University Press
- Published
- 2023-03
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 510-525
- ISSN
- 2226-4108 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4321254746
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 10.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Advanced Ceramics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (52072090, 51872063)
- Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (YQ2019E002)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Cellular and Composite Structures
- Keywords
- lunar regolith simulant, geopolymer composites, 3D printing, carbon fiber reinforcement, damage tolerance, compressive strength, fracture strain, anisotropy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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