Fire fighter falls through floor and dies at residential structure fire - Ohio.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

At 01:23:42, Engine 24 advised that a fire fighter was inside and that it had flashed.

“Engine 24 advised:”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Minimum daily staffing fell from 28 fire fighters to a minimum of 22.

“The minimum daily staffing was reduced from 28 fire fighters to the current level of a minimum of 22 fire fighters.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Seven frontline units were reduced to five frontline units.

“Seven frontline units have been reduced to five frontline units.”

May combine two claims.

The boots, gloves, and protective hood were covered with debris but had no thermal damage.

“The boots, gloves, and protective hood were covered with debris but had no thermal damage.”

May combine two claims.

When the Quint 25 fire fighter crawled into the family/living room, the floor gave way and he fell immediately into the basement.

“As the Quint 25 fire fighter crawled into the family/living room, the floor collapsed and the fire fighter immediately fell into the basement.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Before joining this department, he had worked six years as a part-time fire fighter for two other Ohio departments.

“Prior to his employment with the fire department, he had worked 6 years as a part-time fire fighter for two other fire departments in Ohio.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The structure was built in 1932 and had three bedrooms on the second floor.

“The structure was built in 1932 and had three bedrooms on the 2 nd floor.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At 01:51:36, Police Unit 150 told 9Com that a nephew said the occupants were in Las Vegas.

“Police Unit 150 contacted 9Com advising them a nephew said the occupants were in Las Vegas.”

May combine two claims.

The involved structure was a two-story wood-frame house with aluminum/vinyl exterior, a full unfinished basement, and balloon-frame construction.

“The structure involved was a two-story wood frame with aluminum/vinyl exterior, a full basement (unfinished), and a balloon frame construction.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). The quote only partly states this claim.

At 01:25:01, 9Com responded, 'Negative. No Mayday.'

“9Com responds:”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The dispatcher reported smoke coming from the basement at the rear of the house.

“Additionally, the dispatcher stated there was smoke coming from the basement in the back of the house.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The battalion chief works without a staff aide or field incident technician.

“The battalion chief operates without a staff aide or field incident technician.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

At 01:17:24, Quint 25A reported heavy smoke from three sides of the structure and said they were preparing a 360-degree walkaround.

“Quint 25A reported:”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The Quint 25 acting officer described the smoke as about one foot above the floor and not hot.

“The acting officer of Quint 25 stated that the smoke was about a foot off the floor but not hot.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

A stairwell to the second floor was reached through the dining room.

“A stairwell to the 2 nd floor was accessible through the dining room.”

May combine two claims.

The Quint 25 acting officer and the foyer were immediately engulfed in fire.

“The acting officer from Quint 25 and the foyer were immediately enveloped in fire.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The fire fighter carried a department-issued portable radio designated Quint 25B, and the radio was not turned on during the incident.

“The fire fighter was carrying a fire department-issued portable radio designated as Quint 25B.The radio was not turned on during this incident.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

A door on Side Charlie provided first-floor access through the kitchen.

“Also, one door on Side Charlie provided access to the 1 st floor through the kitchen.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Heavy smoke was visible from the front half of the house, but no flames could be seen.

“Heavy smoke was showing from the front half of the house, but no flames were visible.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The Engine 24 officer called a Mayday at 0123 hours.

“The officer from Engine 24 called a Mayday at 0123 hours.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

At 01:37:11, Command called for a PAR, which was completed at 01:38:15 with Engine 21, Engine 24, Engine 26, Tower 22, and Engine 212.

“Command called for a PAR.”

• Also stated in: § Time Fireground Communications & Fireground Operations · plain

  “PAR completed with Engine 21, Engine 24, Engine 26, Tower 22, and Engine 212.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). The quote only partly states this claim.

Police reported on scene at 01:05:38 with heavy smoke showing from the residence.

“Police department reported on-scene with heavy smoke showing from the residence.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At 01:14:09, 9Com advised units that smoke was coming from the cellar door at the rear.

“9Com advised units there is smoke coming from the cellar door in the rear.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The first floor was about 46 feet long and 18 feet wide.

“The 1 st floor was approximately 46 feet long by 18 feet wide.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At 01:25:13, Engine 24 told Command it was making entry to find the missing fire fighter.

“Engine 24 to Command,”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The dispatcher reported heavy black smoke visible on the dispatch channel.

“The dispatcher advised on the dispatch channel that heavy, black smoke was showing.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The dispatcher reported at 0114 hours that two elderly individuals might be inside the house.

“The dispatcher advised at 0114 hours that two elderly people may be in the house.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Police reported that an elderly couple lived there and it was unknown whether they were home.

“Police reported an elderly couple lived at this residence.It was unknown if the couple was at home.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At 01:18:12, Quint 25 asked Battalion 20 whether the occupants had been confirmed out of the structure.

“Quint 25 asked Battalion 20 if confirmation had been made that the occupants were out of the structure.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

In recent years, the city closed one fire station and laid off five fire fighters.

“Within the past several years, the city closed one fire station and laid off five fire fighters.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Outside, six paramedics treated him; he was moved to a stretcher, transported by Medic 22 to the local hospital, and pronounced dead at 0226 hours.

“Once outside, the fire fighter was treated by six paramedics, moved to a stretcher, and transported in Medic 22 to the local hospital, where he was pronounced dead at 0226 hours.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). The quote only partly states this claim.

At 01:25:36, Engine 21 reported heavy fire in the basement.

“Engine 21 reported,”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At 01:22:45, Command ordered everyone out of the building.

“Command ordered everyone out of the building.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

At 01:24:04 and again at 01:24:14, Car 211 asked 9Com whether there was a Mayday.

“Car 211 asked 9Com if there was a Mayday.”

• Also stated in: § 01:24:14 Hours · plain

  “Car 211 asked 9Com again if there was a Mayday.”

May combine two claims.

The turnout coat had thermal damage along the right shoulder, arm, and back; the turnout pants had thermal damage to the right hip and thigh and near the bottom of both legs.

“The turnout coat had thermal damage along the right shoulder, arm, and back.The turnout pants had thermal damage to the right hip and thigh area and near the bottom of both pants legs.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The first floor had a family/living room at the front on Side Alpha, a dining room in the middle, and a kitchen on Side Charlie.

“The 1 st floor consisted of a family/living room in the front of the house (Side Alpha), a dining room in the middle of the house, and a kitchen on Side Charlie.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The Quint 25 acting officer told dispatch at 0118 hours that smoke was visible from three sides of the structure and no fire was visible.

“He advised the dispatcher at 0118 hours that smoke was showing from three sides of a residential structure but he could see no visible fire.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At 01:28:18, Engine 24 reported that the fire fighter was in the basement.

“Engine 24 reported,”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

On arrival, the Quint 25 acting officer learned from a police officer that neighbors had reported two residents possibly inside.

“Upon arrival, the acting officer of Quint 25 met a police officer who advised him that the neighbors reported two residents possibly inside.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Command ordered Tower 22 and Engine 21 to locate the Quint 25 fire fighter in the basement.

“Command ordered Tower 22 and Engine 21 to locate the Quint 25 fire fighter in the basement.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

At 01:58:37, Command advised 9Com that the fire was under control and overhaul began.

“Command advised 9Com that the fire was under control.The overhaul process was started.”

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

At 01:23:23, Engine 24A called a Mayday on the fireground channel and said, 'We got a guy that's inside.'

“Engine 24A called a Mayday on the fireground channel and stated,”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The Quint 25 fire fighter was hired by the fire department in April 2015.

“The fire fighter from Quint 25 was hired by the fire department in April 2015.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

At 01:12:29, police on scene reported heavy smoke from the cellar with one door open and said they were not opening doors or windows.

“Police on-scene advised that heavy smoke was coming from the cellar with one door open.Police officers advised they were not opening any doors or windows.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The total living space was 1,576 square feet.

“The total available living space was 1,576 square feet.”

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

A 28-year-old male career fire fighter died on December 28, 2015, at a single-family residential structure fire from heat-related injuries and smoke inhalation, with severe pulmonary edema, after falling into the basement.

“On December 28, 2015, a 28year-old male career fire fighter died due to thermal injuries and smoke inhalation with severe pulmonary edema at a singlefamily residential structure fire.”

• Also stated in: § Introduction · plain

  “On December 28, 2015, a 28-year-old male career fire fighter died after falling into the basement at a residential structure fire.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At 01:33:04, Tower 22 reported finding the Quint 25 fire fighter.

“Tower 22 reported they had found the Quint 25 fire fighter.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The SCBA and PASS the victim used were certified to the 2002 edition of NFPA 1981.

“The self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and the personal alert safety system (PASS) that the victim was using were certified to the 2002 edition of NFPA 1981, Standard on Open Circuit Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) for Emergency Services.”

May combine two claims.

When Tower 22 found him, his facepiece, protective hood, gloves, and turnout boots had been removed; his helmet was off but he was wearing the impact cap.

“When he was located by Tower 22, his facepiece, protective hood, gloves, and turnout boots had been removed.His helmet was off but he was wearing the impact cap from his helmet.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

At 01:36:55, Medic 25 advised Command that the fire fighter was out and being taken to the squad.

“Medic 25 advised Command,”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

First-floor access was from a front porch that covered the front of the house on Side Alpha and wrapped to the entrance on Side Bravo.

“Access to the 1 st floor was from a front porch, which covered the front of the house (Side Alpha) around to the entrance on Side Bravo (See Photo 1, Diagram 1, and Diagram 2).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The Quint 25 fire fighter was found, placed in a Stokes basket, and removed from the basement in about 10 minutes.

“In approximately 10 minutes, the fire fighter from Quint 25 was located, placed in a Stokes basket, and removed from the basement.”

May combine two claims.

The helmet and impact cap had separated; the outer shell was undamaged, and the impact cap was damaged after the fire fighter was removed from the structure.

“The helmet and impact cap had separated.The outer shell of the helmet was not damaged.The impact cap was damaged at some point after the fire fighter was removed from the structure.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

At 01:29:33, Engine 24 reported hearing the PASS alarm, requested another hoseline, and said the current hoseline had burned through.

“Engine 24 reported:”

May combine two claims.

Those two dispatcher messages were sent only on the dispatch channel and were not simulcast on the tactical channel.

“These last two transmissions were on the dispatch channel and not simulcast on the tactical channel.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At 01:44:35, fireground operations changed from offensive to defensive.

“Fireground operations changed from offensive to defensive.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Approximately 2 feet of water was in the basement.

“Approximately 2 feet of water was in the basement.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The time was approximately 0130 hours.

“The time was approximately 0130 hours.”

May combine two claims.

At approximately the same time, the Quint 25 fire fighter crawled into the family/living room when the floor collapsed underneath him.

“At approximately the same time, the Quint 25 fire fighter crawled into the family/living room when the floor collapsed underneath him.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

During this time, preparations were being made to get the critical incident stress management process started at the fire department headquarters (Fire Station 22).

“During this time, preparations were being made to get the critical incident stress management process started at the fire department headquarters (Fire Station 22).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Engine 212 conducted a complete search of the three bedrooms on the second floor.

“Engine 212 conducted a complete search of the three bedrooms on the 2 nd floor.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Quint 25 made entry into the foyer and then the family/living room.

“Quint 25 made entry into the foyer and then the family/living room.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The duty shift commander (deputy chief) and the deputy chief in charge of training had arrived onscene.

“The duty shift commander (deputy chief) and the deputy chief in charge of training had arrived onscene.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The deputy chief in charge of training assumed Command of the incident at this time.

“The deputy chief in charge of training assumed Command of the incident at this time.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Two police officers arrived on-scene at 0111 hours and reported heavy smoke showing from the residence.

“At 0111 hours, two police officers arrived on-scene and reported “heavy smoke showing” from the residence.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The acting officer of Quint 25 told the fire fighter on Quint 25 to take the thermal imager and irons to the front porch.

“The acting officer of Quint 25 told the fire fighter on Quint 25 to take the thermal imager and irons to the front porch.”

May combine two claims.

Most fire fighters and fire officers said they did not hear these radio messages because they had switched to the tactical channel and most had not turned on the apparatus radio.

“During the interviews, most fire fighters and fire officers said they did not hear these radio messages.They had already switched to the fireground tactical channel.Also, most fire fighters were putting on their turnout gear and had not turned on the apparatus radio.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

9Com dispatched two city police officers at 0106 hours.

“9Com dispatched two city police officers at 0106 hours.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The wind was coming from the west at about 12 mph with gusts up to 30 mph and, although shifting, was generally coming from Side Charlie.

“The wind was coming from the west at about 12 mph with gusts up to 30 mph and, although shifting, was generally coming from Side Charlie.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The engineer from Tower 22 picked up the backup line and knocked the fire down around the acting officer of Quint 25.

“The engineer from Tower 22 picked up the backup line and knocked the fire down around the acting officer of Quint 25.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Smoke was so heavy that neighbors across the street were unsure which house was on fire.

“There was so much smoke in the street, that the neighbors across the street were not sure which house was on fire.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At 0141 hours, Engine 212 reported the second floor all clear.

“At 0141 hours, Engine 212 reported the 2 nd floor “all clear.””

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The smoke had a brownish, grayish tint.

“The smoke had a brownish, grayish tint.”

May combine two claims.

Engine 24 continued operating a 13⁄4-inch hoseline in the foyer and doorway of the family/living room, knocking down the fire on the first floor and the basement.

“Engine 24 continued operating a 1¾-inch hoseline in the foyer and doorway of the family/living room, knocking down the fire on the 1 st floor and the basement.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Six medics from Medic 22, Medic 24, and Medic 25 started treatment on Quint 25B.

“Six medics from Medic 22, Medic 24, and Medic 25 started treatment on Quint 25B.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

On arrival, yellowish gray smoke was blowing across the street east to west from the rear of the house toward the front.

“When the officers arrived on-scene, a yellowish gray smoke was blowing across the street, east to west (from the rear of the house toward the front).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Quint 25B was then moved to Medic 22.

“Quint 25B was then moved to Medic 22.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The fire fighter from Quint 25 was pronounced dead at 0226 hours by medical staff in the emergency room of the local trauma hospital.

“The fire fighter from Quint 25 was pronounced dead at 0226 hours by the medical staff in the emergency room of the local trauma hospital.”

May combine two claims.

The acting officer of Quint 25 started calling for the fire fighter from the foyer but was immediately enveloped in fire.

“The acting officer of Quint 25 started calling for the fire fighter from the foyer but was immediately enveloped in fire.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The priority was to evaluate members and to contact Quint 25B's immediate family and get them to the hospital.

“The priority was to evaluate members and to contact Quint 25B's immediate family and get them to the hospital.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Suddenly, the smoke changed color, and fire started blowing out the front door onto the porch.

“Suddenly, the smoke changed color, and then fire started blowing out the front door onto the porch.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Command ordered Engine 212 out of the building.

“Command ordered Engine 212 out of the building.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Quint 25's ladder pipe was used until the automatic nozzle malfunctioned.

“Quint 25's ladder pipe was used until the automatic nozzle malfunctioned.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Heavy smoke was showing from the front half of the house.

“Heavy smoke was showing from the front half of the house.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Quint 25 responded at 0114 hours and arrived on-scene at 0117 hours.

“Quint 25 responded at 0114 hours and arrived on-scene at 0117 hours.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Medic 22 transported Quint 25B to the local trauma center at 0144 hours and arrived at 0152 hours.

“Medic 22 transported Quint 25B to the local trauma center at 0144 hours and arrived at 0152 hours.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At 0113 hours, the fire department was dispatched to a residential structure fire.

“At 0113 hours, the fire department was dispatched to a report of residential structure fire.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The impact cap from the helmet was still on his head.

“The impact cap from the helmet was still on his head.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Engine 21 and Tower 22 could see fire in the rafters as they moved toward Side Alpha in the basement.

“Engine 21 Tower 22 could see fire in the rafters as they moved toward Side Alpha in the basement.”

May combine two claims.

The acting officer did not walk the entire length of Side Charlie, and the raised porch prevented him from seeing the open Bilco door leading to the basement.

“The acting officer did not walk the entire length of Side Charlie, and the raised porch prevented the acting officer from seeing the open Bilco® door leading to the basement (See Photo 2).”

May combine two claims.

These transmissions were on the dispatch channel only and were not simulcast on the tactical channel.

“These transmissions were on the dispatch channel only and not simulcast on the tactical channel.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The time was 0123 hours.

“The time was 0123 hours (See Diagram 4).”

May combine two claims.

Engine 24A radioed that there was heavy fire in the basement and, after the collapse, used the thermal imager to check the basement while operating from the foyer.

“Engine 24A radioed there was heavy fire in the basement and after the collapse, used the thermal imager to check the basement while operating from the foyer.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

At 0118 hours, the acting officer of Quint 25 advised the dispatcher that smoke was showing from three sides of a residential structure but no visible fire was seen.

“At 0118 hours, the acting officer of Quint 25 advised the dispatcher that smoke was showing from three sides of a residential structure but could see no visible fire.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

While the rapid assistance team operation was occurring in the basement, Command had Engine 212 take a hoseline to the second floor to search for possible victims.

“While the rapid assistance team (RAT) operation was occurring in the basement, Command had Engine 212 take a hoseline to the 2 nd floor to search for possible victims.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Heavy black smoke poured out of the doorway.

“Heavy, black smoke poured out of the doorway.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The fire fighter from Quint 25 forced the front door.

“The fire fighter from Quint 25 forced the front door.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The acting officer of Quint 25 met a police officer who advised him that neighbors reported possibly two victims inside.

“Upon arrival, the acting officer of Quint 25 met a police officer who advised him that the neighbors reported possibly two victims inside.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The police officers saw smoke from several blocks away and knew it was a working fire.

“As the police officers were responding, they stated they could see smoke from several blocks away and knew this was a “working fire.””

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Police found an open cellar door with smoke pushing out.

“The police officers walked around the house and found an open cellar door with smoke pushing out.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The dispatcher transmitted that smoke was coming from the basement in the back of the house.

“Additionally, the dispatcher transmitted there was smoke coming from the basement in the back of the house.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

They moved Quint 25B to the basement entrance with the help of Engine 21.

“They moved Quint 25B to the basement entrance with the help of Engine 21.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Neighbors advised police that an elderly couple lived at the residence.

“The neighbors advised the police that an elderly couple lived at this residence.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The fire dispatcher advised at 0114 hours that two elderly people might be in the house.

“The fire dispatcher advised at 0114 hours that two elderly people might be in the house.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Tower 22 was moved from behind Quint 25 to facing Quint 25.

“Tower 22 was moved from behind Quint 25 to facing Quint 25 (See Diagram 6).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The fire was knocked down and placed under control at approximately 0358 hours.

“The fire was knocked down and placed under control at approximately 0358 hours.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Overhaul of the structure was started at this time.

“Overhaul of the structure was started at this time.”

May combine two claims.

When NIOSH investigators evaluated the portable radio, it turned on but was not recognized by the radio system; investigators did not know why.

“When evaluated by NIOSH investigators, the portable radio was turned on but was not recognized by the radio system.Investigators were not sure why the portable radio was not recognized by the radio system.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The time was approximately 0137 hours.

“The time was approximately 0137 hours.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

9Com dispatched Engine 21, Engine 24, Engine 26, Medic 22, Medic 25, Quint 25, Tower 22, and Battalion 20 for a structure fire at the residence.

“9Com dispatched Engine 21, Engine 24, Engine 26, Medic 22, Medic 25, Quint 25, Tower 22, and Battalion 20 for a structure fire at the residence.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In less than 10 minutes, the fire fighter was placed in a Stokes basket and removed from the basement.

“In less than 10 minutes, the fire fighter was placed in a Stokes basket and removed from the basement.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Quint 25B was found lying on his left side.

“Quint 25B was found lying on his left side.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Additional mutual aid companies responded to assist with fireground operations.

“Additional mutual aid companies responded to assist with fireground operations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Tower 22 forced the rear door going into the kitchen.

“Tower 22 forced the rear door going into the kitchen.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At 0125 hours, Engine 24 made entry to the foyer.

“At 0125 hours, Engine 24 made entry to the foyer.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At approximately 0128 hours, Engine 24A radioed Command that he could hear a PASS alarm from the basement.

“At approximately 0128 hours, Engine 24A radioed Command that he could hear a PASS alarm from the basement.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Several members left the scene for various assignments.

“Several members left the scene for various assignments.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Engine 212 reported to Command that they were out of the building at 0143 hours.

“Engine 212 reported to Command, they were out of the building at 0143 hours.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Once outside the house, Q25B was moved to a stretcher.

“Once outside the house, Q25B was moved to a stretcher.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At 0137 hours, Engine 212 (PAR 3) entered the second floor by the exterior steps.

“At 0137 hours, Engine 212 (PAR 3) entered the 2 nd floor by the exterior steps.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The acting officer of Quint 25 stated that the smoke was about a foot off the floor but was not hot.

“The acting officer of Quint 25 stated that the smoke was about a foot off the floor but was not hot.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The Tower 22 officer radioed Command for webbing and a stokes basket.

“The Tower 22 officer radioed Command for webbing and a stokes basket.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At approximately 0149 hours, Command switched from an offensive strategy to a defensive strategy.

“At approximately 0149 hours, Command switched from an offensive strategy to a defensive strategy.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

At approximately 0125 hours, Command ordered Tower 22 and Engine 21 to locate an entrance to the basement and find Quint 25B.

“At approximately 0125 hours, Command ordered Tower 22 and Engine 21 to locate an entrance to the basement and find the Quint 25B.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

After Quint 25B was transported to the hospital, Command temporarily stopped fireground operations.

“After Quint 25B was transported to the hospital, Command temporarily stopped fireground operations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The fire dispatcher advised on the dispatch channel that heavy black smoke was showing.

“The fire dispatcher advised on the dispatch channel that heavy, black smoke was showing.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

On December 28, 2015, the county dispatcher center received a 0103-hour call from an alarm company reporting a burglar alarm at a single-family residence.

“On December 28, 2015, the county dispatcher center (9Com) received a telephone call at 0103 hours from an alarm company who reported a burglar alarm at a single-family residence.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

One police officer went to the second floor using outside stairs, knocked, but received no answer.

“One police officer went to the 2 nd floor using the outside stairs.He knocked on the door, but there was no answer.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Tower 22 tried to move Quint 25B, but he was entangled.

“Tower 22 tried to move Quint 25B, but he was entangled.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The thermal imager whited out when pointed at the basement.

“The thermal imager “whited” out when pointed at the basement.”

May combine two claims.

Quint 25B's foot was entangled and had to be freed from burned chairs and storage items.

“Quint 25B's foot was entangled and had to be freed from burned chairs and storage items.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The ladder pipe from Tower 22 and several handlines were used to knock down the fire.

“The ladder pipe from Tower 22 and several handlines were used to knock down the fire.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

While Tower 22 was trying to secure the fire fighter in the Stokes basket with webbing, Engine 21 was clearing a path to the Bilco doors.

“While Tower 22 was trying to secure the fire fighter in the Stokes basket with webbing, Engine 21 was clearing a path to the Bilco® doors.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At approximately 0500 hours, the incident commander declared the fire was out.

“At approximately 0500 hours, the incident commander declared the fire was out.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Another individual has been charged with aggravated arson and murder.

“Another individual has been charged with aggravated arson and murder.”

May combine two claims.

Life safety became the focus of fire department efforts, but the initial scene size-up was not completed, the second-floor access to the bedrooms was not assessed, and the rear entrance was not assessed.

“Life safety became the focus of the fire department efforts, but the initial scene size-up was not completed (no view of conditions on Side Charlie or Side Delta), the 2 nd floor access (exterior stairs) to the bedrooms was not assessed, and the rear entrance was not assessed.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The officer of Quint 25 stated the smoke was in the front half of the house and nothing in the rear.

“The officer of Quint 25 stated the smoke was in the front half of the house and nothing in the rear.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The homeowner has been charged with two counts of aggravated arson and murder.

“The homeowner has been charged with two counts of aggravated arson and murder.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At this incident, initial information communicated to responding units stated there was a possibility of an elderly couple inside the home.

“At this incident, initial information communicated to responding units stated there was a possibility of an elderly couple inside the home.”

May combine two claims.

The county medical examiner listed the cause of death as smoke inhalation with severe pulmonary edema, carbon monoxide toxicity (12.7%), and thermal injury-second-degree and third-degree burns to 40-50% of the body surface.

“The county medical examiner listed the cause of death due to smoke inhalation with severe pulmonary edema, carbon monoxide toxicity (12.7%), and thermal injury-second-degree and third-degree burns to 40-50% of the body surface.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At this incident, a 12 mph wind with gusts to 30 mph blew against the fire building on Side Charlie.

“At this incident, the wind (12 mph with gusts to 30 mph) was blowing against the fire building on Side Charlie.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

When aimed at the basement, the thermal imager displayed a white-out.

“The thermal imager”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The shift commander arrived as the fire fighter from Quint 25 was being prepared for transport in Medic 22.

“He arrived as the fire fighter from Quint 25 was prepared for transport in Medic 22.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The incident commander then held a personnel accountability report to check whether other members were missing or lost.

“The incident commander then conducted a personnel accountability report to determine if any other members were lost or missing.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The shift commander heard the Mayday and responded to the scene.

“He heard the Mayday and responded to the scene.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The cylinder accompanying the unit showed scratches and dirt.

“The cylinder with the unit had some scratches and dirt present.”

May combine two claims.

The driver of Medic 22 began as the personnel accountability officer, but that function was abandoned when the collapse occurred.

“The driver of Medic 22 started as the personnel accountability officer, but the function was abandoned when the collapse occurred.”

May combine two claims.

The first arriving officer was the incident commander but never formally assumed command of the incident.

“In this incident, the 1 st arriving officer was the incident commander, but he never formally assumed command of the incident.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Upon arrival, the shift commander functioned as the safety officer.

“Upon arrival, he functioned as the safety officer.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

After the Mayday, the incident commander asked 9Com for more resources.

“At this incident, when the Mayday occurred, the incident commander contacted 9Com to request additional resources.”

May combine two claims.

The matching cylinder was testable but lacked a recorded hydrostatic test date.

“The corresponding cylinder was also found to be in testable condition, however, it was missing a date for hydrostatic testing.”

May combine two claims.

Inspection found the SCBA unit testable, with only minor damage from the December 28, 2015 incident.

“After inspection, the unit was deemed testable, having suffered only slight damage from the incident on December 28, 2015.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

During the incident, Engine 24A operated from the foyer and used a thermal imager to examine the basement after the collapse.

“At this incident, Engine 24A used the thermal imager to check the basement after the collapse while operating from the foyer.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

At the incident, the incident commander requested the safety officer at 0120 hours.

“At this incident, the incident commander requested the response of the safety officer at 0120 hours.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The shift commander was off duty at the time.

“The shift commander was off duty.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The SCBA passed all NIOSH certification tests and the NFPA airflow performance test.

“The SCBA passed all NIOSH certification tests and the NFPA airflow performance test.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The acting lieutenant of Quint 25 had 16 years with this fire department and 20 years of total fire service experience.

“The acting lieutenant of Quint 25 had 16 years on the job with this fire department and 20 years total fire service experience.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

A matching facepiece was included with the unit.

“The unit did come with a corresponding facepiece.”

May combine two claims.

The basement windows remained intact and had not vented.

“The basement windows were intact and had not vented.”

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

The cylinder was open and contained no air.

“The cylinder was open and it was empty.”

May combine two claims.

The first police officer on scene radioed 9Com that heavy smoke was coming from the basement and that an open basement door was at the back.

“The first arriving police officer radioed 9Com and stated: “Also heavy smoke coming from the basement.There is an open basement door in the back.””

May combine two claims.

That information was passed to the fire department on the dispatch channel but not on the tactical channel.

“This information was relayed to the fire department on the dispatch channel but not the tactical channel.”

May combine two claims.

The Quint 25 fire fighter carried a portable radio in his turnout coat, but it was not powered on during the incident.

“The fire fighter from Quint 25 had a portable radio in his turnout coat, though the portable radio was not turned on during this incident.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Heavy smoke was visible on Side Alpha and the Alpha/Bravo corner, and it was hanging.

“Heavy smoke was now showing on Side Alpha and the Alpha/Bravo corner, and the smoke was hanging.”

May combine two claims.

The unit and facepiece were in fair to good overall condition, with some dirt and debris.

“The overall condition of the unit and facepiece was fair to good with some dirt and debris.”

May combine two claims.

At 0130 hours, Tower 22 informed Command by radio that they were in the basement as the Rapid Assistance Team and had been joined by Engine 21.

“At 0130 hours, Tower 22 radioed Command that they were in the basement as part of the Rapid Assistance Team (RAT) and had been joined by Engine 21.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The entire structure had been covered in vinyl siding.

“As noted, the entire structure had been wrapped in vinyl siding.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

During the incident, prevailing winds blew toward Side Charlie at 12 miles per hour with gusts up to 30 miles per hour.

“At this incident, prevailing winds were blowing toward Side Charlie at 12 miles per hour with gusts up to 30 miles an hour.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The SCBA used in the incident was a Survivair Panther 30-minute, 4500 psi unit with NIOSH Approval Number TC-SU-5134-310, certified to the 2002 edition of NFPA 1981.

“The SCBA involved in this incident was a Survivair Panther 30-minute, 4500 psi with NIOSH Approval Number TC-SU-5134-310, certified to 2002 edition of NFPA 1981, Standard Open-Circuit”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Tower 22A reported hearing a PASS alarm sounding toward Side Alpha.

“Tower 22A said he could hear a PASS alarm sounding toward Side Alpha.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The fire fighter had accumulated 682 hours of company-level training with two prior fire departments.

“The fire fighter had 682 hours of company-level training with two previous fire departments.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The acting deputy chief for Battalion 20 had 13 years with this fire department, including 4 years as a lieutenant and 4 years as a captain.

“The acting deputy chief for Battalion 20 had 13 years on the job with this fire department, 4 years as a lieutenant and 4 years as a captain.”

May combine two claims.

The SCBA unit passed both the NIOSH tests and the NFPA airflow test.

“This unit passed the NIOSH tests and NFPA airflow test.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The fire was arson.

“• Arson fire”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The accounts given by interviewees and witnesses are accurate.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

NIOSH did not further evaluate or test the personal protective equipment.

“The personal protective equipment was not further evaluated or tested by NIOSH.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Witness statements were reviewed during the investigation.

“During the investigation, witness statements were reviewed.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Dispatch center operations were ineffective.

“• Ineffective dispatch center operations”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The accounts given by interviewees and witnesses are accurate.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

NIOSH investigators visited and photographed the fire scene.

“The NIOSH investigators visited and photographed the fire scene.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

NIOSH investigators reviewed the fire department's standard operating procedures, department and state training records, and dispatch and tactical radio transmissions.

“The NIOSH investigators reviewed the fire department's standard operating procedures, training records from the department and the state of Ohio training records, and dispatch and tactical channel radio transmissions.”

May combine two claims.

Tactical priorities, or an incident action plan, were lacking.

“• Lack of tactical priorities (incident action plan)”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The accounts given by interviewees and witnesses are accurate.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Balloon-frame construction means a wooden structure whose exterior bearing-wall studs run the full height from the sill to the roof, with no firestops inside the walls.

“Balloon frame construction is defined as a wooden structure in which all vertical studs in the exterior bearing walls extend the full height from the bottom frame (sill), which is bolted to the foundation and to the roof.There are no firestops within the walls [Brannigan and Corbett 2007].”

• cites Brannigan and Corbett 2007Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

NIOSH investigators inspected and photographed the affected fire fighter's personal protective clothing and SCBA.

“The NIOSH investigators inspected and photographed the personal protective clothing (turnout gear) and SCBA of the affected fire fighter, which was under control of the city's fire department investigator.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Command safety was lacking.

“• Lack of command safety”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The accounts given by interviewees and witnesses are accurate.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The fire was wind-driven.

“• Wind-driven fire”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The accounts given by interviewees and witnesses are accurate.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

NIOSH investigators met with the city public safety director, fire chief, fire department executive staff, fire marshal and staff, SCBA maintenance and repair staff, the IAFF local union, county medical examiner physicians, fire department investigators, and the county dispatch center.

“The NIOSH investigators met with the city's public safety director, fire chief, and executive staff of the fire department; the department's fire marshal and his staff; the SCBA maintenance and repair staff; the International Association of Fire Fighters local union; physicians with the county medical examiner's office; investigators from the fire department; and the county's dispatch center.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Interviews were conducted with fire fighters, fire officers, and deputy chiefs who responded to the incident.

“Interviews were conducted with the fire fighters, fire officers, and deputy chiefs who responded to the incident.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The simulation results emphasize the importance of including wind conditions in the scene size-up before and while performing fire-fighting operations and adjusting tactics based on the wind conditions.

“The simulation results emphasize the importance of including wind conditions in the scene size-up before beginning and while performing fire-fighting operations and adjusting tactics based on the wind conditions [Madrzykowski and Kerber 2009;Weinschenk, Overholt, and Madrzykowski 2015].”

• cites Madrzykowski and Kerber 2009Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Weinschenk, Overholt, and Madrzykowski 2015 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

The SCBA with integrated PASS was inspected at fire department headquarters, sent to the NIOSH NPPTL facility, and evaluated and tested on May 3, 2016.

“On May 3, 2016, NIOSH NPPTL personnel evaluated and tested the SCBA and the summary evaluation report is included as”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The dispatcher is automatically required to dispatch an extra alarm consisting of two engines, one ladder/quint or tower ladder, and two medic units, or as otherwise specified by the incident commander.

“The dispatcher is automatically required to dispatch an extra alarm consisting of two engines, one ladder/quint or tower ladder, and two medic units, or as otherwise specified by the incident commander.”

May combine two claims.

Ongoing research by NIST, UL, and others has demonstrated that applying water from the exterior into the fire area prior to the start of interior operations can significantly improve fire fighter safety by reducing the thermal hazard and reducing the potential for developing high velocity hot gas flows within the structure.

“Ongoing research by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Underwriters Laboratories (UL), and others has demonstrated that applying water from the exterior into the fire area of a structure (prior to the start of interior operations) can significantly improve the safety of fire fighters by reducing the thermal hazard from the fire and reducing the potential for developing high vel”

• cites Weinschenk, Overholt, and Madrzykowski 2015 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

In his book Fire Fighting Tactics, Lloyd Layman used S-RECEO-VS.

“In his book Fire Fighting Tactics, Lloyd Layman used S-RECEO-VS.”

• cites Layman 1953Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

SLICE-RS is not designed to replace the RECEO-VS method developed by Lloyd Laymen and widely adopted by the fire service over the years.

“The acronym SLICE-RS is not designed to replace the well-known RECEO-VS method that was developed by Lloyd Laymen and has been widely adopted by the fire service over the years.”

• cites Modern Fire Behavior 2014Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

There have been many previous fire incidents in which changes in flow paths are thought to have had an adverse impact on fire fighter and occupant safety.

“There have been many previous fire incidents in which changes in the flow paths are thought to have had an adverse impact on fire fighter and occupant safety.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Chief Layman promoted the importance of size up just as SLICE-RS supports this process today.

“Chief Layman promoted the importance of size up just as SLICE-RS supports this process today [Layman 1953].”

• cites Layman 1953Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

NIST measurements recorded temperatures over 600oC (1,100oF) and total heat fluxes over 70 kW/m2 at 4 feet above the floor in the flow path from the fire room to the downwind exit vent.

“Temperatures in excess of 600ºC (1,100ºF) and total heat fluxes in excess of 70 kW/m² were measured at 4 feet above the floor along the flow path between the fire room and the downwind exit vent.”

• cites Madrzykowski and Kerber 2009Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.