Mathematical models of sleep regulation
Open accessAbstract
The level of EEG slow-wave activity (SWA) is determined by the duration of prior sleep and waking. SWA is a marker of nonREM sleep intensity and may serve as an indicator of sleep homeostasis. The two-process model of sleep regulation posits the interaction of the homeostatic Process S and the circadian Process C. Also models of neurobehavioral functions (three-process model; interactive models of alertness and cognitive throughput) are based on the concept of an interaction between homeostatic and circadian factors. Whether the interaction is linear or non-linear is still unresolved. Models may serve as a guiding principle for specifying the relationship between processes occurring at the macroscopic and microscopic level of analysis.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis originated from Borbely's two process model of sleep, assumes that, apart from a circadian process C, sleep and specifically SWS is regulated by a homeostatic process S, which rises during waking and declines during sleep.
“The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis originated from Borbely's”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [8]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 86 · Cited by 358
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Daan, S., D. G. M. Beersma, D. J. Dijk, T. Åkerstedt & M. Gillberg: Kinetics of an hourglass component involved in the regulation of human sleep and wakefulness. In: Trend in Chronobiology: Advances in the Biosciences. Eds: W. T. J. M. Hekkens, G. A. Kerkhof and W. J. Rietveld, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 73, 183-193 (1988)
- Eds: J. Horne, Pontenagel Press, Bochum, Germany, 68-70 (1990)
- Åkerstedt, T. & S. Folkard: A model of human sleepiness. In: Sleep '90. Eds: J. A. Horne, Pontenagel Press, Bochum, Germany, 310-313 (1990)
- Massaquoi, S. & R. McCarley: Resetting the REM sleep oscillator. In: Sleep '90. Eds: J. Horne, Pontenagel Press, Bochum, Germany, 301-305 (1990)
- Van Dongen, H. P. A. & D. F. Dinges: Chronic partial sleep deprivation data point to a novel process regulating waking behavioral alertness. J Sleep Res 11, 232 (2002)
- Harrison, Y. & J. A. Horne: Sleep loss affects frontal lobe function, as shown in complex "real world" tasks. Sleep Res 25, 467 (1996)
- Achermann, P., D. G. M. Beersma & A. A. Borbély: The two-process model: ultradian dynamics of sleep. In: Sleep '90. Eds: J. A. Horne, Pontenagel Press, Bochum, Germany, 296-300 (1990)
- Kronauer, R. E.: A quantitative model for the effects of light on the amplitude and phase of the deep circadian pacemaker, based on human data. In: Sleep'90. Eds: J. A. Horne, Pontenagel Press, Bochum, Germany, 306-309 (1990)
- Authors
- Achermann, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Achermann, Peter
- ORCID
- Achermann, Peter
- Venue
- Frontiers in Bioscience
- Publisher
- IMR Press
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- s683-693
- ISSN
- 1093-4715 (ISSN-L)
- 1093-9946
- DOI
- 10.2741/1064
- OpenAlex
- W2033160906
- Cited by
- 358
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in bioscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep regulation, mathematical model, two-process model, sleep homeostasis, circadian rhythm, EEG slow-wave activity, NREM sleep, alertness
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Sleep
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
