Spectrum of addison’s disease in children
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical presentation of Addison's disease in order to increase the awareness of presentation in Pakistani children. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, Pakistan, from 2015 to 2019. METHODOLOGY: Sixty-three children of Addison's disease were enrolled in the study, who have visited and facilitated from the services of National Institute of Child Health from urban and rural region of the Sindh province. Diagnosis were made through biochemical analysis and detailed examination of acute and chronic symptoms. Study was initiated after taking the approval from Institutional Review Board. Moreover, written informed consents were also taken from each of the study participant. RESULTS: There were 36 boys and 27 girls with a mean age at diagnosis of 3.92 and 4.96 years, respectively. Twelve patients were presented with an adrenal crisis following an acute illness. All of them had hyponatraemia; however, 10 had a hyperkalaemia and 8 had been reported with hypoglycaemia. Increased skin pigmentation was observed in 45 children with other identifiable features including weight loss, lethargy, and poor response in activities. Moreover 15 of them were identified with associated disorder (autoimmune polyendocrinopattay syndrome (APS), Allgrove or triple A syndrome, and adrenoleukodystrophy). Conclusion: Typical and atypical presentations of Addison's disease in children of Pakistani population are defined in this study which may assist in better management of Addison's patients. Key Words: Adrenal crisis, Hyponatremia, Hyperkalemia, APS, Allgrove, Adrenoleukodystrophy.
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In one study, 8 out of 63 (12%) children with Addison's disease in a rural and urban Pakistan province presented with hypoglycaemia during an adrenal crisis.
“In one study, 8 out of 63 (12%) children with Addison’s disease in a rural and urban Pakistan province presented with hypoglycaemia during an adrenal crisis (42).”
From Hypoglycaemia in adrenal insufficiency (2023) · cites this paper as [42]
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Hypoglycaemia in adrenal insufficiency
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- Authors
- Laghari, T. M., Noor, M., Khoso, Z. A., Hanif, M. I., Meher-Un-Nisa, & Raza, J.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Child Health (PK)
- Corresponding author
- Jamal Raza
- Venue
- Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan
- Published
- 2020-10-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1086-1089
- ISSN
- 1022-386X (ISSN-L)
- 1681-7168
- OpenAlex
- W3095615149
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of College of Physicians And Surgeons Pakistan (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
- Keywords
- Addison's disease, pediatric adrenal insufficiency, adrenal crisis, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, skin pigmentation, Allgrove syndrome, adrenoleukodystrophy, clinical features, Pakistani children
- MeSH terms
- Addison Disease, Child, Female, Humans, Hyperkalemia, Hypoglycemia, Hyponatremia, Male, Pakistan
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