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A Review on Scattering Techniques for Analysis of Nanomaterials and Biomaterials

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Bihar Veterinary College, Samanpura, Khajpura, Bihar State, Patna, 800014, India., Prasad, Rai Dhirendra, Koshi College, Bihar State, Khagaria, 851205, India., Prasad, Neeraj R, School of Nanoscience and Technology Shivaji University, Maharashtra State, Kolhapur, 416004, India., Prasad, Nirmala, Department of Education, CSJM University, Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur, 208024, India., Prasad, Saurabh R +39 more·2024·Engineered Science
DOI 10.30919/es1332
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Abstract

Nanomaterials and biomaterials are becoming increasingly important in current scientific and industrial communities.Nanomaterials are beyond the perception of the human eye.Thus, to determine the structure, morphology, and exact formation of materials on the nanoscale, an authentic technique is required.Recently, attempts have been made to determine the structure of materials at the nanoscale level.With the progress of time and advancements in scientific knowledge, the method of characterization has changed.Nanomaterial characterization techniques can be broadly classified into three main types: (1) spectroscopic, (2) microscopic, and (3) Scattering Techniques.Scattering techniques are very important and act as confirmatory techniques for determining the structure of materials at the nanoscale.Furthermore, most of the scattering is non-destructive, that is, the samples can be recovered after analysis.Considering the importance of the technique and its versatile utility, an attempt has been made to discuss various characterization techniques used for the analysis of materials at the nanoscale.We have discussed the working principles, applications, and limitations of various characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), neutron scattering, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and electron microscopy.We have discussed each characterization technique in detail, highlighting the strength of the technique, its limitations, and recent developments in particular characterization with data analysis.Furthermore, this review examines the specific applications of scattering techniques in the characterization of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanostructured surfaces, and in the analysis of biomaterials, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipid membranes.The role of scattering techniques in elucidating the structural properties, morphology, size distribution, and interactions of these materials has been thoroughly investigated.In the last section of this review, we discuss the future possibilities for further improvements and applications of various characterization techniques.The scientific community will obtain in detail information about characterization techniques through a single review paper.Scattering techniques find numerous applications in various sectors such as in structure determination, material characterization, particle size analysis, thin film analysis, protein structure determination, cell membrane studies, cancer research, drug formulation, quality control, fingerprints and DNA analysis, etc.

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    The electron-diffraction discussion states that increasing the accelerating voltage gives electrons greater energy and a shorter wavelength. Section 3.2 gives a typical low-energy range, but the copy does not establish that electron wavelengths span many orders of magnitude across common energies. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Cited by

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Authors
Bihar Veterinary College, S., Prasad, R. D., Koshi College, B. S., Prasad, N. R., School of Nanoscience and Technology Shivaji University, M. S., Prasad, N., Department of Education, C. U., Prasad, S. R., Electronics and Telecommunication Department, D. C. O. E., Prasad, R. S., Banaras Hindu University Varansi, U. P., Prasad, R. B., Birsa Agricultural University, K., Prasad, R. R., Department of Civil Engineering, M. I. O. T., Prasad, R. G., Department of Physics, R. C., Desai, C. B., Traditional Ayurvedic Practitioner, K., Vaidya, A. K., Vaidya Nandedkar Ayurvedic Clinic, M., Shaikh, Y. I., Department of Chemistry, A. I. C., Nazeruddin, G. M., Department of Chemistry, A. I. C., Shaikh, V., Department of Chemistry, A. I. C., Pande, R. S., Nagpur Veterinary College, M. S., Mamidpelliwar, P. M., Nagpur Veterinary College, M. S., Deshmukh, R. N., Nagpur Veterinary College, M. S., Patil, V. N., Department of Materia Medica J J Magdum Homeopathic College, J., Samant, A., Dpartment of Samhita and Siddhant J J Magdum Ayurvedic College, J., Chiplunkar, C., Kripalu Dham, K., Guo, Z., Mechanical and Construction Engineering, F. O. E. A. E., Sarvalkar, P., School of Nanoscience and Technology Shivaji University, M. S., Ramteke, A. A., Department of Chemistry, D. C., Shaikh, A. D., & School of Nanoscience and Technology Shivaji University, M. S.
Affiliations
  • Shivaji University (IN)
  • DKTE Society's Textile and Engineering Institute (IN)
  • Birsa Agricultural University (IN)
  • Northumbria University (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Engineered Science
Publisher
Engineered Science Publisher
Published
2024
ISSN
  • 2576-988X (ISSN-L)
  • 2576-9898
DOI
10.30919/es1332
OpenAlex
W4404991213
Cited by
5
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2
FWCI
0.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Engineered Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Chemical and Physical Properties of Materials
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Enzyme Structure and Function
Keywords
scattering techniques, nanomaterial characterization, biomaterial characterization, X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering, neutron scattering, dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, nanoparticle size distribution, nanocomposites, nanostructured surfaces, protein structure determination, lipid membranes, non-destructive characterization

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