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ML Estimation of Mean and Covariance Structures with Missing Data Using Complete Data Routines
Open accessAbstract
We consider maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of mean and covariance structure models when data are missing. Expectation maximization (EM), generalized expectation maximization (GEM), Fletcher-Powell, and Fisher-scoring algorithms are described for parameter estimation. It is shown how the machinery within a software that handles the complete data problem can be utilized to implement each algorithm. A numerical differentiation method for obtaining the observed information matrix and the standard errors is given. This method also uses the complete data program machinery. The likelihood ratio test is discussed for testing hypotheses. Three examples are used to compare the cost of the four algorithms mentioned above, as well as to illustrate the standard error estimation and the test of hypothesis considered. The sensitivity of the ML estimates as well as the mean imputed and listwise deletion estimates to missing data mechanisms is investigated using three artificial data sets that are missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR), and neither MCAR nor MAR.
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EFRON, B., & HINKLEY, D. V. (1978) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/65.3.457 · Cited by 952
On structural equation modeling with data that are not missing completely at random
Muthén, B., Kaplan, D., & Hollis, M. (1987) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02294365 · Cited by 883
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Metadata
- Authors
- Jamshidian, M., & Bentler, P. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics
- Published
- 1999-03
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-24
- ISSN
- 1076-9986 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-1054
- OpenAlex
- W2022450590
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 3.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Jamshidian, M., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). ML Estimation of Mean and Covariance Structures with Missing Data Using Complete Data Routines. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. https://doi.org/10.3102/10769986024001021
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