Craniofacial reconstructions in children with craniosynostosis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Craniosynostosis is a rare congenital disease of the skull. They arise when one or more cranial sutures ossify prematurely. This causes an obstruction to normal brain growth and leads to specific deformations of the skull, which may result in intracranial hypertension and cognitive delay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have retrospectively analysed all children treated at the Unit of paediatric neurosurgery of the University Medical Centre Ljubljana between June 2015 and September 2020. The following items have been recorded: affected suture, underlying syndromic condition, hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation, raised intracranial pressure, age at surgery, surgical technique, need for multiple operations and surgical complications. RESULTS: During the study period, 71 children have been treated for craniosynostosis. The median postoperative follow-up was 31 months. There were: 54.9% sagittal, 25.3% metopic, 14.0% unicoronal, 1.4% bicoronal and 1.4% unilateral lambdoid craniosynostosis. Multiple sutures were affected in 2.8% cases. 7.0% of the cases were syndromic. Overall, 74 surgical procedures have been performed: frontoorbital advancement represented 40.5% of them; biparietal remodelling 32.4%: total cranial vault remodelling 22.9%; posterior distraction 2.7%; posterior expansion 1.3%. Median age at surgery was 12.8 months. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of craniosynostosis is surgical and requires a multidisciplinary approach, with expertise in plastic and reconstructive surgery, maxillofacial surgery and neurosurgery. The aim of surgical treatment is to release the constrictive and deformative effect that the synostosis has on skull growth. This requires a remodelling of the neurocranium and, if necessary, of the viscerocranium. Beyond aesthetic purposes, the primary aim of surgical treatment is to permit a normal development of the brain.
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ISS occurs more frequently in boys than in girls.
“It occurs more frequently in boys than in girls.”
From Isolated Sagittal Craniosynostosis: A Comprehensive Review (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
The Results report 56 boys and 15 girls among 71 children treated for craniosynostosis, and the Discussion describes this male predominance as consistent with the literature. The paper does not report a sex breakdown specifically for isolated sagittal synostosis (ISS), so its broader finding does not fully establish the claim as stated. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Spazzapan, P., Kocar, M., Eberlinc, A., Haber, B., & Velnar, T.
- Affiliations
- Ljubljana University Medical Centre (SI)
- Clinical Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Paediatric Neurosurgery Unit, Clinical Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Corresponding author
- Spazzapan, Peter
- ORCID
- Spazzapan, Peter
- Venue
- Journal of Integrative Neuroscience
- Publisher
- IMR Press
- Published
- 2022-06-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 106-106
- ISSN
- 0219-6352 (ISSN-L)
- 1757-448X
- OpenAlex
- W4281793263
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 0.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Integrative Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pectus Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- craniosynostosis, craniofacial reconstruction, pediatric neurosurgery, sagittal craniosynostosis, metopic craniosynostosis, syndromic craniosynostosis, intracranial hypertension, hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation, cranial sutures, surgical complications
- MeSH terms
- Child, Cranial Sutures, Craniosynostoses, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Skull, Plastic Surgery Procedures
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