Occurrence of middle ear pathogens in the nasopharynx of young individuals:A quantitative study in four age groups
Abstract
Colonization of middle ear pathogens (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and B. catarrhalis), potential pathogens (S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci) and non-pathogens was determined quantitatively on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx (NPH) of children (four age groups: under 2 years, 2-5 years, 6-10 years and 11-15 years). None of the 90 individuals examined was suffering at the time of bacterial sampling from acute otitis media (AOM), sinusitis, or tonsillitis. All individuals under 2 years of age harboured middle ear pathogens in the NPH, but only 40% of the individuals of the oldest age group (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, in the youngest group, 57% of the cases had pathogens in the NPH, which completely dominated the bacterial flora, i.e. constituted more than 90% of the total bacterial count when calculated as CFU/cm2. The corresponding count in the oldest age group was only 20% (p less than 0.01). One important reason for the high incidence of AOM among young children in particular seems to be the noticeable accumulation of middle ear pathogens in huge quantities in the NPH in this age group.
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The synergistic stimulation of type I IFN production during concurrent influenza virus and pneumococcal infection may contribute to the higher rates of disease associated with coinfection in humans.
“and suggest that this may contribute to the higher rates of disease associated with coinfection in humans.”
From Synergistic stimulation of type I interferons during influenza virus coinfection promotes Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in mice (2011) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Stenfors, L.-E., & Räisänen, S.
- Affiliations
- Keski-Pohjanmaan keskussairaala (FI)
- Venue
- Acta Oto-Laryngologica
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1990-01
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 142-148
- ISSN
- 0001-6489 (ISSN-L)
- 1651-2251
- OpenAlex
- W2092601695
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2015: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 7.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Oto-Laryngologica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Ear Surgery and Otitis Media
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Otolaryngology and Infectious Diseases
- Keywords
- nasopharynx, nasopharyngeal carriage, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, acute otitis media, age groups, children, bacterial counts
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Moraxella catarrhalis, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Haemophilus influenzae, Humans, Male, Nasopharyngeal Diseases, Nasopharynx, Otitis Media, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Colony Count, Microbial
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