The Effect of a Single Sauna Exposure on Spermatozoa

Brown-woodman, P. D. C.; Post, E. J.; Gass, G. C.; White, I. G.

doi:10.3109/01485018409161141

Cited by 60Sperm and Testicular FunctionMale Reproductive Health StudiesThermoregulation and physiological responses

The Effect of a Single Sauna Exposure on Spermatozoa

Brown-woodman, P. D. C., Post, E. J., Gass, G. C., White, I. G.·1984·Archives of Andrology

DOI 10.3109/01485018409161141

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Semen was collected at weekly intervals for 3 wk before and 10 wk after the sauna exposure at 85 degrees C for 20 minutes. The numbers, morphology, ultrastructure, motility, viability and metabolism of the sperm was assessed. Sperm numbers fell within one wk and slowly returned to normal in 5 wk. The earliest ultrastructural change was swelling of the plasma membrane, followed by an increase in the number of immature forms and disorganization of the arrangement of the mitochondria. Motility, glucose utilization and lactic acid accumulation of the sperm rose temporarily immediately after sauna.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3109/01485018409161141

Cites

20 of 20 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The negative impact of sauna on sperm parameters was reversible, with return to normal values after 10-12 weeks from sauna exposure.
“However, the negative impact on sperm parameters was reversible with a return to normal values after 10-12 weeks from sauna exposure.15,[18][19][20]”
From A systematic appraisal of emerging alternative therapies in men’s health and wellness (2025) · cites this paper as [19]

- STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES
Reddy, M. V. (2014) · Apple Academic Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b17560-26 · Cited by 12,121 · see citing works
Methods of Enzymatic Analysis
(1974) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-091304-6.x5001-0 · Cited by 6,786 · see citing works
The motility and viability of rabbit spermatozoa at different hydrogen‐ion concentrations
EMMENS, C. W. (1947) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1947.sp004228 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
EARLY CHANGES IN THE GERMINAL EPITHELIUM OF RAT TESTES FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO HEAT
Chowdhury, A. K., & Steinberger, E. (1970) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0220205 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Mechanisms Concerned with Conception
Davies, D. V. (1964) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 161 · see citing works
THE EFFECT OF HYPERPYREXIA UPON SPERMATOZOA COUNTS IN MEN
Macleod, J., & Hotchkiss, R. S. (1941) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-28-5-780 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Control of human spermatogenesis by induced changes of intrascrotal temperature
Robinson, D. (1968) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.204.4.290 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Duration of Transit of Spermatozoa through the Human Male Ductular System
Rowley, M. J., Teshima, F., & Heller, C. G. (1970) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)37502-1 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Effect of repeated increase of body temperature on human sperm cells.
Procopé, B. (1965) · PubMed · Cited by 96 · see citing works
EFFECT OF LOCAL HEATING ON BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM IN THE TESTIS OF THE CONSCIOUS RAM
Waites, G. M. H., & Setchell, B. P. (1964) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0080339 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Control of Human Spermatogenesis Intrascrotal Temperature
Robinson, D. (1968) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1968.03140170006002 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
SEMINAL DEGENERATION IN THE RAM AND ITS RELATION TO THE TEMPERATURE OF THE SCROTUM
Moule, G. R., & Waites, G. M. H. (1963) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0050433 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Mode of action of α-chlorohydrin as a male anti-fertility agent. Inhibition of the metabolism of ram spermatozoa by α-chlorohydrin and location of block in glycolysis
Brown‐Woodman, P. D. C., Mohri, H., Mohri, T., Suter, D., & White, I. G. (1978) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj1700023 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citation
PREPARATION OF SPERMATOZOA FOR ELECTRON AND LIGHT MICROSCOPY
Jones, R. C. (1973) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0330145 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
A Comparison of Subjective Measurements of Human Sperm Motility and Viability with Two Live-Dead Staining Techniques
Dougherty, K. A., Emilson, L. B. V., Cockett, A. T. �., & Urry, R. L. (1975) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)41238-0 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
THE EFFECT OF LOCAL HEATING ON THE FLOW AND COMPOSITION OF RETE TESTIS FLUID IN THE CONSCIOUS RAM
Setchell, B. P., Voglmayr, J. K., & Hinks, N. (1971) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0240081 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
THE EFFECTS OF LOCAL HEATING OF THE TESTIS ON THE FLOW AND COMPOSITION OF RETE TESTIS FLUID IN THE RAT, WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECTS OF AGE AND UNILATERAL CASTRATION
Setchell, B. P., & Waites, G. M. H. (1972) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0300225 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Effects of malonic, maleic, citric and caffeic acids on the motility of human sperm and penetration of cervical mucus.
Brown-Woodman, P. D. C., Post, E. J., Chow, P. Y. W., & White, I. G. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Proceedings: Metabolic and ultrastructural changes in ejaculated spermatozoa induced by heating the testes of rams
Brown-Woodman, P. D. C. (1976) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0460501 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Proceedings: Ultrastructure of the mid-piece of the spermatozoon in the marsupial, Trichosurus vulpecula
Harding, H. R. (1976) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0460501-a · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Causes, effects and molecular mechanisms of testicular heat stress
Durairajanayagam, D., Agarwal, A. K., & Ong, C. S. H. (2014) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.09.018 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Testicular heating and its possible contributions to male infertility: a review
Mieusset, R., & Bujan, L. (1995) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1995.tb00408.x · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Benefits and risks of sauna bathing
Hannuksela, M. L., & Ellahham, S. H. (2001) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(00)00671-9 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Influence of genital heat stress on semen quality in humans
Jung, A., & Schuppe, H. (2007) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0272.2007.00794.x · Cited by 286 · see citing works
History of febrile illness and variation in semen quality
Carlsen, E. (2003) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deg412 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
High risk of temporary alteration of semen parameters after recent acute febrile illness
Sergerie, M., Mieusset, R., Croute, F., Daudin, M., & Bujan, L. (2007) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.12.045 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Seminal and molecular evidence that sauna exposure affects human spermatogenesis
Garolla, A., Torino, M., Sartini, B., Cosci, I., Patassini, C., Carraro, U., & Foresta, C. (2013) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/det020 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Increase in scrotal temperature in laptop computer users
Sheynkin, Y., Jung, M., Yoo, P. S., Schulsinger, D. A., & Komaroff, E. (2005) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deh616 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The potential of mild testicular heating as a safe, effective and reversible contraceptive method for men
Mieusset, R., & Bujan, L. (1994) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1994.tb01241.x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
From Ancient to Emerging Infections: The Odyssey of Viruses in the Male Genital Tract
Tortorec, A. L., Matusali, G., Mahé, D., Aubry, F., Mazaud‐Guittot, S., Houzet, L., & Dejucq‐Rainsford, N. (2020) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00021.2019 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Macaque sperm coating protein DEFB126 facilitates sperm penetration of cervical mucus
Tollner, T. L., Yudin, A. I., Treece, C. A., Overstreet, J. W., & Cherr, G. N. (2008) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/den276 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Lifestyle and semen quality: role of modifiable risk factors
Jurewicz, J., Radwan, M., Sobala, W., Ligocka, D., Radwan, P., Bochenek, M., & Hanke, W. (2013) · Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.3109/19396368.2013.840687 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Clinical Effects of Regular Dry Sauna Bathing: A Systematic Review
Hussain, J. N., & Cohen, M. M. (2018) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2018/1857413 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS OF NONTESTICULAR ILLNESS
Baker, H. W. G. (1998) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70043-8 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Heat stress response of somatic cells in the testis
Aldahhan, R. A., & Stanton, P. G. (2021) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2021.111216 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Semen quality in welders exposed to radiant heat.
Bonde, J. P. (1992) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.49.1.5 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Fertility and semen quality of workers exposed to high temperatures in the ceramics industry
Figa-Talamanca, I., Dell'Orco, V., Pupi, A., Dondero, F., Gandini, L., Lenzi, A., Lombardo, F., Scavalli, P., & Mancini, G. (1992) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0890-6238(92)90036-s · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Office evaluation of the subfertile male
Sigman, M., Lipshultz, L. I., & Howards, S. S. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511635656.011 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Mumps Orchitis in the Post-Vaccine Era (1967-2009)
la Vega, H. G. T., Boronat, M., Ojeda, A., Delgado, Y. G., Ángel-Moreno, A., Carranza‐Rodriguez, C., Bellini, R., Francés, A., Nóvoa, F. J., & Pérez-Arellano, J.-L. (2010) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0b013e3181d63191 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Effects of sauna on sperm movement characteristics of normal men measured by computer‐assisted sperm analysis
SAIKHUN, KITIYANANT, VANADURONGWAN, & PAVASUTHIPAISIT (1998) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2605.1998.00138.x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Dynamic changes in the sperm quality ofMytilus galloprovincialisunder continuous thermal stress
Boni, R., Gallo, A., Montanino, M., Macina, A., & Tosti, E. (2015) · Molecular Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1002/mrd.22604 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
A portable digital data recorder for long-term monitoring of scrotal temperatures
Jockenhövel, F., Gräwe, A., & Nieschlag, E. (1990) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53832-1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Male Infertility: Current Concepts
Purvis, K., & Christiansen, E. (1992) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853899209149953 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Post-conception heat exposure increases clinically unobserved pregnancy losses
Hajdu, T., & Hajdu, G. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81496-x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Testicular Heat Stress and Sperm Quality
Durairajanayagam, D., Sharma, R. K., du Plessis, S. S., & Agarwal, A. K. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1040-3_8 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Scrotal temperature is increased in disposable plastic lined nappies
Partsch, C. (2000) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.83.4.364 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Temperature, climate change, and human conception rates: evidence from Hungary
Hajdu, T., & Hajdu, G. (2021) · Journal of Population Economics · doi:10.1007/s00148-020-00814-1 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Lifestyles of men in barren couples and their relationships to sperm quality
Oldereid, N. B., Rui, H., & Purvis, K. (1992) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/0028-2243(92)90243-r · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Twenty-First Century Viral Pandemics: A Literature Review of Sexual Transmission and Fertility Implications in Men
Payne, K. S., Kenny, P. I., Scovell, J. M., Khodamoradi, K., & Ramasamy, R. (2020) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.06.003 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lifestyle factors and sperm aneuploidy
Jurewicz, J., Radwan, M., Sobala, W., Radwan, P., Jakubowski, L., Hawuła, W., Ulańska, A., & Hanke, W. (2014) · Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.repbio.2014.02.002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Heat Induced Inhibition of Spermatogenesis in Man
Mieusset, R., Bujan, L., MANSAT, A., Grandjean, H., & Pontonnier, F. (1991) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5913-5_26 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Birth of a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) after artificial insemination with cryopreserved epididymal spermatozoa collected postmortem
Kusunoki, H., Daimaru, H., Minami, S., Nishimoto, S., Yamane, K., & Fukumoto, Y. (2001) · Zoo Biology · doi:10.1002/zoo.1015 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Maturation of sperm motility in the epididymis of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Yeung, C., Morrell, J. M., Cooper, T. G., Weinbauer, G. F., Hodges, J. K., & Nieschlag, E. (1996) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1996.tb00447.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Semen Quality and Reproductive Hormones among Welders —a Preliminary Study
Kumar, S., Zaidi, S. S. A., Gautam, A. K., Dave, L. M., & Saiyed, H. N. (2003) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02897929 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Endocrine effects of sauna bath
Huhtaniemi, I. T., & Laukkanen, J. A. (2019) · Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1016/j.coemr.2019.12.004 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Changes in binding of a 27‐kilodalton chimpanzee cauda epididymal protein glycoprotein component to chimpanzee sperm
Young, L. G., Gould, K. G., & Hinton, B. T. (1987) · Gamete Research · doi:10.1002/mrd.1120180207 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Lectin binding sites on the plasma membrane of epididymal and ejaculated chimpanzee sperm
Young, L. G., Gould, K. G., & Hinton, B. T. (1986) · Gamete Research · doi:10.1002/mrd.1120140109 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Male personal heat exposures and fecundability: A preconception cohort study
McKinnon, C. J., Joglekar, D. J., Hatch, E. E., Rothman, K. J., Wesselink, A. K., Willis, M. D., Wang, T. R., Mikkelsen, E. M., Eisenberg, M. L., & Wise, L. A. (2022) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.13242 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Quantitative Glycopeptide Changes in Rat Sperm During Epididymal Transit1
Villaverde, A. I. S. B., Hetherington, L., & Baker, M. A. (2016) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.115.134114 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Hormonal, chemical and thermal inhibition of spermatogenesis: contribution of French teams to international data with the aim of developing male contraception in France
Soufir, J.-C. (2017) · Basic and Clinical Andrology · doi:10.1186/s12610-016-0047-2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
4 Medical treatment for idiopathic male infertility: is it curative or palliative?
Baker, H. W. G. (1997) · Baillière s Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/s0950-3552(97)80006-5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Temperature, Climate Change, and Fertility
Hajdu, T., & Hajdu, G. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_262-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Medical Risks and Benefits of Sauna, Steam Bath, and Whirlpool Use
Duda, M. (1987) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.1080/00913847.1987.11709359 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Role of Environmental Factors and Gonadotoxin Exposure in Unexplained Male Infertility
Maartens, P. J., Aboua, Y. G., & du Plessis, S. S. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2140-9_12 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
How vulnerable is the developing testis to the external environment?
HUGHES, P. I. A. (2000) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.83.4.281 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
In Utero Shocks and Health at Birth: The Distorting Effect of Fetal Losses
Hajdu, T. (2024) · Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1111/obes.12649 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Impact of geographical and seasonal temperature on sperm parameters in Indian men who were partners in subfertile couples – A retrospective analysis
Dogra, Y., Singh, N., Malhotra, N., Mahey, R., & Vanamail, P. (2022) · Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction · doi:10.4103/2305-0500.350153 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Environmental Insults on Spermatogenesis
du Plessis, S. S., & Agarwal, A. K. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8456-2_11 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Les essais de contraception masculine par la chaleur
Mieusset, R. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-2-8178-0346-3_6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Contraception thermique de l’homme
Mieusset, R., Bujan, L., MANSAT, A., & Pontonnier, F. (1996) · Andrologie · doi:10.1007/bf03035280 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A systematic appraisal of emerging alternative therapies in men’s health and wellness
Qaoud, Y., Morcos, M., Macdonald, M., Shoeib, A., Qureshi, Y., Mak, M., Ross, A., Vigil, H., & Witherspoon, L. (2025) · Canadian Urological Association Journal · doi:10.5489/cuaj.9368 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Highlights on Ultrastructural Pathology of Human Sperm
Joshi, N. V., Crúz, I., & Osuna, J. A. (2011) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-105-5_17 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Environmental Toxins and Men's Health
Marinaro, J. A., & Tanrikut, C. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816665-9.00020-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Modern Management of Male Infertility
Baker, G. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-585-38145-9_14 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
[Leydig cell function in experimental cryptorchism and varicocele in rats].
Hernández-Yánez, L., Marín-López, G., Vílchez-Martínez, J., & Bishop, W. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Investigating the effects of nicotine on the male reproductive system
Maartens, P. J. (2013) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The impact of genetic, environmental and life-style factors on male reproductive function
Richthoff, J. (2007) · Lund University Publications (Lund University)
Roasting chestnuts by the fire: Ramsay's syndrome
Kadian, S., Latthe, P. M., Afnan, M. S., & Toozs-Hobson, P. M. (2008) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1080/01443610701843988
Sauna and Health: Scoping Review with ☸SAIMSARA
SAIMSARA (2026) · SAIMSARA Journal · doi:10.62487/saimsarae7c389fb
Effets de facteurs exogènes sur les gamètes masculins et leur génome : conséquences potentielles d'une élévation modérée de la température des testicules et des épididymes sur la qualité du gamète
Abdelhamid, M. H. M. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/2d263cd7z027ez4843z912dz92bf1e6ee948

Seminal and molecular evidence that sauna exposure affects human spermatogenesis
Garolla, A., Torino, M., Sartini, B., Cosci, I., Patassini, C., Carraro, U., & Foresta, C. (2013) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/det020 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Effects of sauna on sperm movement characteristics of normal men measured by computer‐assisted sperm analysis
SAIKHUN, KITIYANANT, VANADURONGWAN, & PAVASUTHIPAISIT (1998) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2605.1998.00138.x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Re: Seminal and Molecular Evidence that Sauna Exposure Affects Human Spermatogenesis
Niederberger, C. (2013) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2013.07.073
The Study of Morphologieal Features of Spermatozoa \nunder Ditl'erent Temperature by Seanning Electron Microscope
Chang Kah, H. (2009) · Universiti Sains Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Sains Malaysia)
Proceedings: Metabolic and ultrastructural changes in ejaculated spermatozoa induced by heating the testes of rams
Brown-Woodman, P. D. C. (1976) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0460501 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Brown-woodman, P. D. C., Post, E. J., Gass, G. C., & White, I. G.
Affiliations: The University of Sydney (AU)
Venue: Archives of Andrology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 1984-01
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 9-15
ISSN: 0148-5016 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3109/01485018409161141
OpenAlex: W2061961889
Cited by: 60
References: 20
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4
FWCI: 1.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of Andrology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Male Reproductive Health Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Keywords: spermatozoa, semen quality, sperm motility, sperm morphology, sperm ultrastructure, sperm viability, glucose utilization, lactate accumulation, heat stress, male fertility
MeSH terms: Glucose, Hot Temperature, Humans, Lactates, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Sperm Count, Sperm Motility, Spermatozoa, Lactic Acid, Steam Bath

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Effect of a Single Sauna Exposure on Spermatozoa

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks