The DOI matches its Crossref record; 153 of the 153 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cellular Metabolism and Macrophage Functional Polarization
Abstract
Macrophages are a functionally heterogeneous cell population that is mainly shaped by a variety of microenvironmental stimuli. Interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induce a classical activation of macrophages (M1), whereas IL-4 and IL-13 induce an alternative activation program in macrophages (M2). Reprogramming of intracellular metabolisms is required for the proper polarization and functions of activated macrophages. Similar to the Warburg effect observed in tumor cells, M1 macrophages increase glucose consumption and lactate release and decreased oxygen consumption rate. In comparison, M2 macrophages mainly employ oxidative glucose metabolism pathways. In addition, fatty acids, vitamins, and iron metabolisms are also related to macrophage polarization. However, detailed metabolic pathways involved in macrophages have remained elusive. Understanding the bidirectional interactions between cellular metabolism and macrophage functions in physiological and pathological situations and the regulatory pathways involved may offer novel therapies for macrophage-associated diseases.
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2 retracted
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Broad defects in the energy metabolism of leukocytes underlie immunoparalysis in sepsis
Cheng, S.-C., Scicluna, B. P., Arts, R. J. W., Gresnigt, M. S., Lachmandas, E., Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E. J., Kox, M., Manjeri, G. R., Wagenaars, J. A. L., Cremer, O. L., et al. (2016) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3398 · Cited by 637
Yang, E., Wang, X., Gong, Z., Yu, M., Wu, H., & Zhang, D. (2020) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-020-00359-5 · Cited by 494
Molecular and epigenetic basis of macrophage polarized activation
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Németh, B., Doczi, J., Csete, D., Kacso, G., Ravasz, D., Adams, D., Kiss, G., Nagy, A. M., Horvath, G., Tretter, L., et al. (2016) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.15-279398 · Cited by 136
Mitochondria, Microglia, and the Immune System—How Are They Linked in Affective Disorders?
Culmsee, C., Michels, S., Scheu, S., Arolt, V., Dannlowski, U., & Alferink, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00739 · Cited by 110
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhu, L., Zhao, Q., Yang, T., Ding, W., & Zhao, Y.
- Venue
- International Reviews of Immunology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-10-23
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 82-100
- ISSN
- 0883-0185 (ISSN-L)
- 1563-5244
- OpenAlex
- W2017335731
- Cited by
- 428
- References
- 153
- FWCI
- 5.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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